Maganin Cyanide a cikin Tailings na Zinariya tare da Sulfate na Ferrous

Gabatarwa

Wutsiyoyi na zinariya sau da yawa sun ƙunshi manyan matakan cyanide, wanda yake da guba sosai kuma yana haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. Rashin zubar da waɗannan wutsiyoyi marasa kyau na iya haifar da gurɓatar ƙasa, tushen ruwa, da iska. Saboda haka, ingantattun hanyoyin magani don cire cyanide daga wutsiyoyi na zinariya suna da mahimmanci. Daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan magani daban-daban, ferrous sulfate ya fito azaman reagent wanda aka saba amfani dashi kuma mai tsada. Wannan labarin zai zurfafa cikin amfani da sulfate na ƙarfe don magance cyanide a cikin wutsiyar haƙar zinari, wanda ke rufe fannoni kamar hanyoyin amsawa, yanayin aiki, aikace-aikace masu amfani, da fa'idodi.

Hanyoyi masu amsawa

Samuwar Ferrocyanide Complexes

Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) ya ƙunshi ions na ƙarfe (Fe²⁺). Lokacin da aka ƙara sulfate na ƙarfe a cikin wutsiyar haƙar zinari mai ɗauke da cyanide, ions na ferrous suna amsawa tare da ions cyanide kyauta (CN⁻) a cikin wutsiyoyi. Babban abin da ya faru shine samuwar hadaddun ferrocyanide, wanda za'a iya wakilta ta hanyar sinadarai: Fe²⁺ + 6CN⁻ Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻. Wannan matakin shine matakin farko na yin amfani da ferrous sulfate don magance cyanide mai ɗauke da wutsiya.

Generation na Prussian Blue

A karkashin wasu sharuɗɗa, lokacin da aka ƙara yawan ferrous sulfate zuwa cyanide - wanda ke dauke da bayani, ƙarin amsa yana faruwa. An canza Cyanide zuwa hazo marar narkewa wanda aka sani da ferric ferrocyanide, wanda ake kira Prussian blue. Halin sinadaran don samuwar Prussian blue yana da rikitarwa kuma ana iya sauƙaƙa kamar haka: bayan samuwar ferrocyanide complexes, ƙarin ferrous ions amsa tare da Fe (CN) ₆⁴⁻ don samar da Fe₄ (Fe (CN) ₆) ₃. Wannan hazo mara narkewa yana da fa'ida yayin da yake rage yawan adadin cyanide kyauta a cikin wutsiya, yana sanya wutsiya ta zama mai guba.

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa ba koyaushe ba ne mai sauƙi. Prussian blue na iya zama a cikin nau'i daban-daban a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na bayani. Ɗayan irin wannan nau'i shine "bluble Prussian blue," wanda MFeⅢ (FeⅡ (CN) ₆) (M = K ko Na) ke wakilta, wanda ke samar da maganin colloidal da ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, hazo da halayen iskar oxygen da suka haɗa da ferrous hydroxide suma suna taka rawa a cikin tsarin gaba ɗaya.

Yanayin aiki

pH Darajar

Ƙimar pH na maganin yana da tasiri sosai akan amsawa tsakanin ferrous sulfate da cyanide. Mafi kyawun kewayon pH don amsawa shine yawanci tsakanin 5.5 da 6.5. A cikin wannan kewayon pH, halayen da ke tsakanin ions ferrous da cyanide shine mafi sauri kuma cikakke. Lokacin da pH ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa (a ƙasa 4), ions na ferrocyanide sun zama marasa ƙarfi. Za su iya amsawa don samar da hadaddun pentacyano - iron (II) (Fe (CN)₅H₂O)³⁻, wanda daga nan ake saurin oxidized zuwa ions ferricyanide (Fe(CN)₆³⁻). A gefe guda kuma, lokacin da pH ya fi girma fiye da 7. blue Prussian mai lalacewa zai iya bazuwa, yana samar da ions ferrocyanide da nau'in oxides na baƙin ƙarfe daban-daban, wanda ba shi da kyau ga cire cyanide.

Sashi na Ferrous Sulfate

Yawan adadin ferrous sulfate yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga abun ciki na cyanide a cikin wutsiya da ingancin ruwa. Idan adadin ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙila ba zai yiwu a cire cyanide gaba ɗaya ba. Akasin haka, idan adadin ya yi yawa, ba kawai zai haifar da sharar gida ba amma yana iya gabatar da sabbin gurɓatattun abubuwa. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje, an gano cewa mafi kyawun rabon molar Fe zuwa CN⁻ shine 0.5. Wannan rabo yana tabbatar da ingantacciyar kawar da cyanide yayin rage yawan amfani da sulfate na ƙarfe.

Lokacin Cakuda da Ciwon Jiki

Isasshen hadawa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ions ferrous da cyanide zasu iya tuntuɓar gaba ɗaya da amsawa. Isasshen lokacin haɗawa yana ba da damar ƙarin rarraba reactants masu kama da juna a cikin maganin, haɓaka ƙimar amsawa. Bayan abin da ya faru, ana buƙatar lokacin ƙaddamarwa mai dacewa. Wannan lokaci yana da amfani ga samuwar barga masu tasowa da kuma rage yawan ƙwayar cyanide a cikin mai. Ƙayyadaddun haɗuwa da lokuta masu lalata na iya bambanta dangane da ainihin halin da ake ciki, kamar ƙaddamar da cyanide a cikin wutsiya da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don magani.

Practical aikace-aikacen kwamfuta

Nazarin Harka na Aikin Jiyya na Ma'adinan Zinare

A cikin wani aikin jiyya na haƙar ma'adinin gwal, an karɓi tsarin haɗe-haɗe na ferrous sulfate da lemun tsami. Na farko, an ƙara adadin lemun tsami mai dacewa a cikin ruwan wutsiya don daidaita ƙimar pH zuwa kewayon da ya dace (yawanci 5.5 - 6.5). Wannan mataki yana taimakawa wajen inganta canji da hazo na cyanide. Daga baya, an ƙara sulfate na ferrous a cikin ruwa, kuma ta hanyar motsawa, ions na ferrous sun amsa cikakke tare da cyanide don samar da blue Prussian da sauran hazo. A ƙarshe, bayan hazo da matakan tacewa, an sami tsaftataccen ruwan sha. Wutsiyoyin da aka yi da su sun cika daidaitattun ka'idodin muhalli, rage haɗarin muhalli sosai.

Haɗuwa da Sauran Reagents

Ferrous sulfate ne sau da yawa amfani a hade tare da sauran reagents don inganta magani sakamako. Misali, ana yawan amfani da shi tare da manyan ƙwayoyin flocculants kamar polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide na iya haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar hazo, yana sa tsarin lalata ya fi dacewa. Wannan tsarin haɗin gwiwar ba kawai yana kawar da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin wutsiya ba amma kuma yana rage farashin magani kuma yana inganta ingantaccen magani. Ta hanyar inganta sashi da ƙarin jerin reagents daban-daban, ana iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako na magani.

Fa'idodin Amfani da Sulfate Ferrous

Kudin - tasiri

Sulfate na ferrous ba shi da tsada sosai idan aka kwatanta da wasu reagents da ake amfani da su don maganin cyanide. Samuwarta mai faɗi a kasuwa ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai ban sha'awa ga kamfanonin hakar gwal. Yin amfani da ferrous sulfate na iya rage farashin jiyya na wutsiya, musamman ga manyan ma'adinan gwal waɗanda ke samar da adadi mai yawa na wutsiya. Wannan farashi - tasiri yana da mahimmanci don dorewar aiki na kamfanonin hakar gwal.

Tsarin Jiyya Sauƙaƙe

Tsarin jiyya ta amfani da sulfate ferrous abu ne mai sauƙi. Bayan ƙara ferrous sulfate zuwa wutsiya da daidaita yanayin da ya dace, matakan rabuwa da hazo na gaba suna da sauƙi. A wasu lokuta, ruwan datti da aka yi da sulfate na ferrous baya buƙatar matakai masu rikitarwa kafin a ci gaba zuwa tsarin jiyya na gaba, wanda ke adana raka'a na amsawa kuma yana sauƙaƙe tsarin jiyya gabaɗaya. Wannan sauƙi kuma yana sauƙaƙa wa masu aiki don sarrafawa da sarrafa tsarin jiyya.

Kalubale da Halayen Gaba

Tasirin Muhalli na By - samfurori

Kodayake maganin sulfate na ƙarfe na iya cire cyanide yadda ya kamata daga wutsiyar haƙar zinari, samfuran da aka samar yayin aiwatarwa, kamar wasu ƙarfe - mai ɗauke da hazo, na iya samun yuwuwar tasirin muhalli. Misali, idan ba a zubar da kyau ba, waɗannan hazo na iya sakin ions baƙin ƙarfe ko wasu abubuwa cikin muhalli na tsawon lokaci. Ana buƙatar bincike na gaba don gano ingantattun hanyoyi don sarrafa waɗannan ta - samfuran don rage sawun muhallinsu.

Inganta Yanayin Jiyya don Wutsiya Daban-daban

Wutsiyoyi na zinariya na iya bambanta sosai a cikin abun da ke ciki da kaddarorin daga wannan nawa zuwa wani. Mafi kyawun yanayin jiyya na yanzu don ferrous sulfate, kamar ƙimar pH, sashi, da lokacin amsawa, na iya buƙatar ƙara ingantawa don nau'ikan wutsiya daban-daban. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike mai zurfi don haɓaka tsarin kulawa mai sauƙi da daidaitawa wanda za'a iya amfani da shi zuwa nau'i mai yawa na wutsiyoyi na zinare, inganta ingantaccen aiki da tasiri na maganin cyanide.

A ƙarshe, ferrous sulfate shine reagent mai mahimmanci don magance cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyi na zinariya. Ta hanyar fahimtar hanyoyin amsawa, inganta yanayin aiki, da bincika aikace-aikace masu amfani, zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage tasirin muhalli na ayyukan hakar gwal. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ci gaba da bincike da haɓakawa don magance ƙalubalen da ke tattare da wannan hanyar jiyya da kuma sa masana'antar hakar gwal ta ci gaba da dorewa.