Inganta Leaching na Sodium Cyanide a cikin Ores na Zinare-Copper

Gabatarwa

Cire zinare da jan ƙarfe daga ma'adinan zinariya da jan ƙarfe tsari ne mai sarkakiya. Cyanidation, musamman amfani da Sodium Cyanide , ya daɗe yana zama hanya mafi rinjaye don haƙo zinare. Duk da haka, kasancewar jan ƙarfe a cikin waɗannan ma'adinan yana haifar da ƙalubale masu yawa ga tsarin cyanidation, yana shafar dawo da zinare da kuma amfani da cyanide . Wannan rubutun shafin yanar gizo ya yi nazari kan inganta sinadarin sodium Cyanide Leaching a cikin ma'adinan zinariya da jan ƙarfe, yana bincika ƙa'idodi, ƙalubale, da mafita masu ƙirƙira.

Ka'idodin Cyanide Leaching

Cyanide leaching ya dogara da kebantaccen ikon ions na cyanide don samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da zinare da azurfa. Sodium cyanide, wanda ke narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali, yana aiki a matsayin lixiviant na farko. Lokacin da aka narkar da cikin ruwa, yana sakin ions cyanide. Wadannan ions suna amsawa da zinariya a gaban iskar oxygen ta hanyar tsarin lantarki. Zinariya ta farko tana da oxidized sannan kuma a daure ta da ions cyanide don samar da wani hadadden mai narkewa, yana ba da damar fitar da ita daga ma'adanin.

Kalubalen da Copper ke fuskanta a cikin Ores na Zinariya-Copper

Ƙara yawan Amfani da Cyanide

Copper a cikin zinare-jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana amsawa tare da cyanide don ƙirƙirar rukunin jan karfe-cyanide daban-daban. Ga kowane 1% na jan ƙarfe mai aiki, ana iya cinye kusan kilogiram 30/t na NaCN. Wannan babban amfani ba wai kawai yana haɓaka farashin aiki na tsarin cyanidation ba amma yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa da amfani da cyanide.

Hana Leaching Zinariya

Babban taro na rukunin tagulla-cyanide a cikin maganin leaching na iya rage rushewar gwal. Bugu da ƙari, jan ƙarfe yana da hali don samar da yadudduka na wucewa a saman sassan gwal. Wadannan yadudduka suna aiki azaman shinge, rage hulɗar tsakanin gwal da ion cyanide kuma ta haka suna hana tsarin hakar.

Dabaru don Inganta Leaching Sodium Cyanide a cikin Ores na Zinare-Copper

Pretreatment na Ores

• Hanyoyin Rabawa na Jiki : Ana iya amfani da dabarun kamar rabuwar nauyi, flotation, ko rabuwar maganadisu don tattara ma'adinan kafin a tattara su. Ta hanyar zaɓar wani ɓangare mai yawa na ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe kafin cyanidation, waɗannan hanyoyin suna rage yawan jan ƙarfe a cikin kayan da za a yi amfani da su wajen cire sulfur. Misali, flotation na iya raba ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe sulfide daga ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da zinare, yana rage tsangwama ga jan ƙarfe yayin cyanidation.

• Maganin Oxidative Pre-treatment : Tsarin oxidative kamar gasawa, bio-oxidation, ko matsin lamba oxidation suna da tasiri wajen wargaza ma'adanai na sulfide da kuma 'yantar da zinariyar da aka rufe. Dangane da ma'adinan zinariya-jan ƙarfe, maganin oxidative pre-treatment ba wai kawai yana haɓaka dawo da zinare ba, har ma yana rage mummunan tasirin jan ƙarfe akan cyanidation. Misali, gasawa, yana canza ma'adanai na sulfide zuwa oxides, yana sa zinare ya fi sauƙin shiga tsarin leaching na cyanide.

Haɓaka Ma'aunin Tsari

• Tattara Cyanide : Tabbatar da daidaiton yawan cyanide shine mabuɗin. Duk da cewa yawan cyanide na iya ƙara yawan narkewar zinare, suna kuma haifar da yawan shan cyanide, musamman a gaban jan ƙarfe. Ana buƙatar daidaita hanya, kuma a wasu lokuta, amfani da ƙarancin yawan cyanide tare da wasu ƙarin abubuwa na iya haifar da sakamako mafi kyau.

• Kula da pH : Kula da matakin pH mai kyau (yawanci kusan 9-12) a cikin ruwan da ke fitar da ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin cyanidation. A cikin ruwan da ke fitar da ma'adinan zinare da jan ƙarfe, daidaita pH na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa yawan narkewar tagulla da zinariya. Rage pH kaɗan na iya ƙara yawan zubar da zinare ta hanyar hana zubar da jan ƙarfe.

• Zafin Jiki da Tashin Hankali : Ƙara zafin jiki na iya hanzarta amsawar fitar da sinadarin cyanide, amma yana da iyaka. Zafi mai yawa na iya ƙara yawan canjin sinadarin cyanide da kuma hanzarta iskar oxygen zuwa abubuwan da ba su da tasiri. Ana buƙatar isasshen tashin hankali don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin ƙwayoyin ma'adinai, maganin cyanide, da iskar oxygen. Duk da haka, yawan tashin hankali na iya haifar da lalacewa da tsagewa fiye da kima ga kayan aiki.

Amfani da Additives

• Ammoniya : Ƙara ammoniya a cikin tsarin cyanidation na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa jan ƙarfe ta hanyar ƙirƙirar hadaddun abubuwa masu ƙarfi da shi. Waɗannan hadaddun abubuwa suna hana samuwar wasu mahadi na jan ƙarfe da cyanide waɗanda ke hana narkewar zinare. Duk da haka, amfani da ammoniya yana buƙatar la'akari da kyau saboda guba da canjinsa, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin muhalli.

• Glycine : Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da glycine tare da ƙarancin yawan cyanide don cire zinariya, azurfa, da jan ƙarfe daga ma'adanai na zinariya da jan ƙarfe. Haɗaɗɗun Glycine tare da ions na cupric da cuprous, suna haɓaka narkewar jan ƙarfe, kuma suna iya narkar da yadudduka masu lalacewa akan saman zinare da jan ƙarfe. Wannan hanyar za ta iya rage yawan shan cyanide da aƙalla kashi 75%.

Case Nazarin

Aikin hakar ma'adinai na Japan

Wani ƙaramin aikin haƙar ma'adinai a Japan yana aiki don haɓaka dawo da zinare daga ma'adinan jan ƙarfe ta amfani da cyanidation. A cikin wani zagayen cyanidation da ya gabata tare da tan 800 na ƙura (wutsiyar zinare), sun sami kilogiram 1.3 na 94% na zinariya tsantsa bayan an cire. Don inganta murmurewa, sun yi amfani da lemun tsami don ƙara pH da ammonia don taimakawa wajen cire jan ƙarfe. Bugu da ƙari, sun yi fitar da jan ƙarfe daga Carbon kafin fitar da zinare kuma sun daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da amperage yayin fitar da zinare da matsayi na lantarki. Waɗannan matakan sun taimaka wajen ƙara dawo da zinare.

Ostiraliya Low-Grande Copper-Gold Ore

An sarrafa ma'adinin tagulla mai ƙarancin daraja ta Australiya ta amfani da tsarin "haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe ga gwal". By inganta flotation reagents (ta yin amfani da hade da butyl xanthate da ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate a matsayin masu tarawa) da tsarin gudana (matakai masu yawa na roughing da scavenging a cikin rufaffiyar da'ira), sun sami nasarar dawo da jan karfe na 82.46% da cikakkiyar dawo da gwal na 91.87%.

Kammalawa

Inganta tsarin sinadarin sodium cyanide a cikin ma'adanai na zinariya da jan ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci don inganta dorewar tattalin arziki da dorewar muhalli na haƙar zinare. Ta hanyar fahimtar ƙalubalen da jan ƙarfe ke haifarwa da aiwatar da dabaru kamar kafin a yi magani, inganta sigogin tsari, da amfani da ƙari, za a iya cimma manyan ci gaba a cikin dawo da zinare da amfani da cyanide. Bincike na gaba a wannan fanni zai iya mai da hankali kan haɓaka hanyoyin da suka fi inganci da aminci ga muhalli, wanda zai ƙara rage tasirin sarrafa ma'adinan zinare da jan ƙarfe akan muhalli yayin da ake haɓaka haƙo albarkatu.