Inganta Leaching na Sodium Cyanide a cikin Ores na Zinare-Copper

Gabatarwa

Fitar da zinare da tagulla daga ma'adinan zinari-tagulla abu ne mai rikitarwa. Cyanidation, musamman amfani sodium Cyanide, ya daɗe ya kasance hanya mafi rinjaye don hakar gwal. Duk da haka, kasancewar jan ƙarfe a cikin waɗannan ma'adanai yana haifar da ƙalubale masu mahimmanci ga tsarin cyanidation, yana rinjayar duka dawo da zinariya da cyanide cin abinci. Wannan shafin yanar gizon yana zurfafa cikin haɓakar sodium Cyanide Leaching a cikin ma'adanai na zinare-kwal, bincika ƙa'idodin tushe, ƙalubale, da sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa.

Ka'idodin Cyanide Leaching

Cyanide leaching ya dogara da kebantaccen ikon ions na cyanide don samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da zinare da azurfa. Sodium cyanide, wanda ke narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali, yana aiki a matsayin lixiviant na farko. Lokacin da aka narkar da cikin ruwa, yana sakin ions cyanide. Wadannan ions suna amsawa da zinariya a gaban iskar oxygen ta hanyar tsarin lantarki. Zinariya ta farko tana da oxidized sannan kuma a daure ta da ions cyanide don samar da wani hadadden mai narkewa, yana ba da damar fitar da ita daga ma'adanin.

Kalubalen da Copper ke fuskanta a cikin Ores na Zinariya-Copper

Ƙara yawan Amfani da Cyanide

Copper a cikin zinare-jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana amsawa tare da cyanide don ƙirƙirar rukunin jan karfe-cyanide daban-daban. Ga kowane 1% na jan ƙarfe mai aiki, ana iya cinye kusan kilogiram 30/t na NaCN. Wannan babban amfani ba wai kawai yana haɓaka farashin aiki na tsarin cyanidation ba amma yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa da amfani da cyanide.

Hana Leaching Zinariya

Babban taro na rukunin tagulla-cyanide a cikin maganin leaching na iya rage rushewar gwal. Bugu da ƙari, jan ƙarfe yana da hali don samar da yadudduka na wucewa a saman sassan gwal. Wadannan yadudduka suna aiki azaman shinge, rage hulɗar tsakanin gwal da ion cyanide kuma ta haka suna hana tsarin hakar.

Dabaru don Inganta Leaching Sodium Cyanide a cikin Ores na Zinare-Copper

Pretreatment na Ores

• Hanyoyin Rabuwar Jiki: Ana iya amfani da dabaru kamar rabuwar nauyi, flotation, ko rabuwar maganadisu kafin a tattara tama. Ta hanyar zaɓin cire wani yanki mai mahimmanci na ma'adinan jan ƙarfe kafin cyanidation, waɗannan hanyoyin suna rage abun cikin tagulla a cikin kayan da za su sha leaching. Alal misali, flotation na iya raba ma'adinan sulfide na jan karfe daga ma'adinin zinari, yana rage tsangwama na jan karfe yayin cyanidation.

• Maganin Oxidative: Hanyoyin oxidative irin su roasting, bio-oxidation, ko oxidation oxidation suna da tasiri wajen rushe ma'adinan sulfide da 'yantar da zinare da ke kewaye. A cikin mahallin zinari-jan karfe sulfide ores, oxidative pretreatment ba kawai inganta zinariya dawo da amma kuma rage mummunan tasiri na jan karfe a kan cyanidation. Gasa, alal misali, yana canza ma'adinan sulfide zuwa oxides, yana sa zinare ya fi dacewa da tsarin leaching cyanide.

Haɓaka Ma'aunin Tsari

• Cyanide Concentration: Ƙayyade madaidaicin ƙaddamarwar cyanide shine mabuɗin. Duk da yake mafi girma da yawa na iya haɓaka narkar da zinariya, kuma suna haifar da yawan amfani da cyanide, musamman a gaban jan karfe. Ana buƙatar daidaitaccen tsari, kuma a wasu lokuta, yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayar cyanide tare da sauran abubuwan da ke da alaƙa na iya haifar da sakamako mafi kyau.

• Sarrafa pH: Tsayawa daidai matakin pH (yawanci a kusa da 9 - 12) a cikin maganin leaching yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin cyanidation. A cikin leaching tama na gwal-jan karfe, daidaita pH na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa adadin narkar da tagulla da zinare. Rage pH kadan kadan na iya haɓaka leaching na gwal ta hanyar danne leaching tagulla.

• Zazzabi da tashin hankali: Haɓaka zafin jiki na iya hanzarta ɗaukar leaching cyanide, amma yana da iyaka. Yawan zafi zai iya ƙara haɓakar cyanide kuma yana hanzarta iskar oxygen zuwa abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi. Matsakaicin tashin hankali ya zama dole don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin ƙwayoyin tama, maganin cyanide, da oxygen. Koyaya, tashin hankali fiye da kima na iya haifar da lalacewa da tsagewa akan kayan aikin.

Amfani da Additives

• ammonia: Ƙara ammonia zuwa tsarin cyanidation zai iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa jan karfe ta hanyar samar da barga tare da shi. Wadannan hadaddun sun hana samuwar wasu mahadi na jan karfe-cyanide wadanda ke hana rushewar gwal. Duk da haka, yin amfani da ammonia yana buƙatar yin la'akari da hankali saboda yawan guba da rashin daidaituwa, wanda ke haifar da haɗari na muhalli.

• Glycine: Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da glycine a hade tare da ƙananan adadin cyanide don cire zinariya, azurfa, da jan karfe daga zinariya-Copper. Glycine Cikesofes tare da shirye-shiryen kwalliya da kuma pupertous ions, yana inganta jan karfe mai ban sha'awa, kuma zai iya narke yadudduka masu wucewa a kan gwal da jan tagulla. Wannan tsarin zai iya rage yawan amfani da cyanide da aƙalla 75%.

Case Nazarin

Aikin hakar ma'adinai na Japan

Wani ƙaramin aikin haƙar ma'adinai a Japan yana aiki don haɓaka aikin haƙar zinare daga ma'adinan jan ƙarfe mai arzikin tagulla ta amfani da cyanidation. A cikin wani zagayen cyanidation da ya gabata tare da tan 800 na ƙura (wutsiyar zinare), sun sami kilogiram 1.3 na 94% na zinariya tsantsa bayan an fitar da su. Don inganta murmurewa, sun yi amfani da lemun tsami don ƙara pH da ammonia don taimakawa wajen cire jan ƙarfe. Bugu da ƙari, sun yi aikin fitar da jan ƙarfe daga Carbon kafin cire zinare da kuma daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da amperage yayin cire zinare da kuma sanya wutar lantarki a cikin wutar lantarki. Waɗannan matakan sun taimaka wajen ƙara dawo da zinare.

Ostiraliya Low-Grande Copper-Gold Ore

An sarrafa ma'adinin tagulla mai ƙarancin daraja ta Australiya ta amfani da tsarin "haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe ga gwal". By inganta flotation reagents (ta yin amfani da hade da butyl xanthate da ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate a matsayin masu tarawa) da tsarin gudana (matakai masu yawa na roughing da scavenging a cikin rufaffiyar da'ira), sun sami nasarar dawo da jan karfe na 82.46% da cikakkiyar dawo da gwal na 91.87%.

Kammalawa

Yana inganta sodium cyanide Tsarin leaching a cikin ma'adinan zinari-jan ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙarfin tattalin arziki da dorewar muhalli na hakar gwal. Ta hanyar fahimtar ƙalubalen da tagulla ke haifarwa da kuma aiwatar da dabaru irin su pretreatment, inganta tsarin tsari, da kuma amfani da ƙari, za a iya samun gagarumin ci gaba a cikin dawo da zinariya da amfani da cyanide. Bincike na gaba a wannan yanki zai iya mayar da hankali kan samar da ingantattun hanyoyin da ba su dace da muhalli ba, tare da kara rage tasirin aikin sarrafa tama na zinari da jan karfe ga muhalli yayin da ake kara yawan hakar albarkatu.