Sodium Cyanide: Wani Zurfin Duban Tasirin Lafiyar Dan Adam

Gabatarwa

sodium cyanide, tare da tsarin sinadarai NaCN, wani fili ne wanda ke da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kuma fannin toxicology. Fari ne mai kauri mai kauri wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa. Saboda abubuwan sinadaransa, musamman kasancewar ion cyanide (CN-), sodium Cyanide yana nuna matsananciyar guba, wanda ke da tasiri mai nisa ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

Abubuwan Sinadarai na Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide gishiri ne wanda ya ƙunshi sodium cations (Na+) da cyanide anions (CN-). Yana da nauyin molar kusan 49.01 g/mol. A cikin maganin ruwa, yana rarraba cikin waɗannan ions. Cyanide ion shine babban bangaren da ke da alhakin gubarsa. Yana da nucleophile mai ƙarfi kuma yana da babban alaƙa ga ions ƙarfe, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin duka biyun. Amfanin masana'antu da illolinsa akan tsarin halittu.

Amfanin Masana'antu na Sodium Cyanide

1.Ma'adinan Ma'adinai

• Ana amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide sosai wajen hako zinare da sauran karafa masu daraja. A cikin tsari na zinariya Mining, yana samar da gine-gine tare da zinare, yana ba da damar narkar da karfe da kuma raba shi da ma'adinai. Wannan hanya, da aka sani da cyanidation, ana amfani da ita sosai saboda ingancinta da ƙananan farashi. Misali, a cikin zinari na yau da kullun - amsawar cyanide, zinari (Au) yana amsawa tare da sodium cyanide (NaCN), oxygen (O₂), da ruwa (H₂O) don samar da zinare mai narkewa - hadadden cyanide: 4Au + 8NaCN+O₂ + 2H₂O→4Na[Au(CN)₂]+4NaOH.

2.Hanyoyin Sinadarai

• Yana aiki a matsayin tubalin ginin tushe a cikin haɗakar mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta daban-daban da na inorganic. A cikin samar da nitriles, waɗanda ke da mahimmancin tsaka-tsaki a cikin haɗin magunguna, agrochemicals, da polymers. Sodium cyanide ana yawan amfani da shi. Alal misali, a cikin kira na acrylonitrile (mai monomer don yin fibers na roba kamar acrylic), amsawar na iya haɗawa da sodium cyanide a matsayin mai amsawa a wasu hanyoyi na roba.

3.Electroplating

• Cyanide-based electrolytes, sau da yawa dauke da sodium cyanide, ana amfani da su Girkawa matakai. Ions na cyanide suna taimakawa wajen shigar da karafa irin su jan karfe, azurfa, da zinc a cikin tsari mai kama da juna. Wannan shi ne saboda cyanide zai iya samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da ions karfe, yana sarrafa adadin adadin ƙarfe yayin aikin lantarki.

Yadda Sodium Cyanide ke shafar Lafiyar Dan Adam

1.Toxicokinetics

• Lokacin da sodium cyanide ya shiga jikin mutum, ana iya shanye shi ta hanyoyi da yawa. Shakar ƙura ko hayaƙin da ke ɗauke da sodium cyanide yana ba wa ion cyanide damar shiga cikin sauri cikin jini ta alveoli a cikin huhu. Ci, ko dai bisa kuskure ko kuma a lokuta na guba, yana haifar da sha a cikin gastrointestinal tract. Har ila yau, tuntuɓar fata na iya haifar da shanyewa, kodayake rashin lafiyar fata yana ba da kariya ta shinge. Da zarar a cikin jini, ana rarraba ions cyanide a cikin jiki.

2.Mechanism na Guba

• Babban makasudin guba na cyanide a cikin jikin mutum shine mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, wanda shine mabuɗin enzyme a cikin jerin jigilar lantarki na numfashi ta salula. Cyanide yana ɗaure da ƙarfe (Fe) a cikin hadaddun cytochrome c oxidase tare da babban alaƙa. Wannan ɗaurin yana hana canja wurin electrons daga cytochrome c zuwa oxygen, yadda ya kamata yana toshe matakin ƙarshe na numfashi na aerobic. A sakamakon haka, sel ba su iya samar da adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ta hanyar phosphorylation oxidative, wanda ke haifar da rashin makamashi na salula.

• Bugu da ƙari, cyanide kuma zai iya rinjayar sauran baƙin ƙarfe - wanda ke dauke da enzymes a cikin jiki, yana kara rushe tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa na al'ada. Alal misali, zai iya tsoma baki tare da aikin myoglobin, wanda ke da hannu a cikin ajiyar oxygen a cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka, da wasu peroxidases waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin kariya na antioxidant.

3.Acute guba

• Ƙananan - Bayyanar Kashi

• Ko da a ƙananan allurai, fallasa zuwa sodium cyanide na iya haifar da kewayon alamomi. Alamomin farko na iya haɗawa da ciwon kai, juwa, rauni, da tashin zuciya. Wanda aka azabtar kuma na iya samun jin takura a ƙirji da ƙarancin numfashi. A wasu lokuta, ana iya samun halayyar "almond - kamar" wari ga numfashi, kodayake ba kowa ba ne zai iya gane wannan warin.

• Babban - Bayyanar Kashi

• Maɗaukakin kashi ga sodium cyanide na iya zama mai mutuwa da sauri. Alamun suna ci gaba da sauri zuwa matsanancin damuwa na numfashi, tare da saurin numfashi da wahala. Abubuwan da ke haifar da bugun jini sun haɗa da raguwar hawan jini, bugun zuciya mara daidaituwa (arrhythmias), da kuma kamawar zuciya. A ilimin jijiya, wanda aka azabtar zai iya fuskantar kamewa, asarar sani, da kuma suma. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, mutuwa na iya faruwa a cikin mintuna kaɗan na babban kashi.

4.Chronic guba

• Tsawaita bayyanar da ƙananan matakan sodium cyanide, kamar a wasu wuraren masana'antu inda akwai rashin tsabtar sana'a, na iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya. Bayyanawa na yau da kullun na iya haifar da rauni, gajiya, da asarar nauyi. Hakanan zai iya rinjayar tsarin mai juyayi, yana haifar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka irin su numbness da tingling a cikin iyakar, rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da wahalar maida hankali. Bugu da ƙari, maimaita bayyanarwa na iya yin tasiri a kan glandar thyroid, kamar yadda cyanide zai iya tsoma baki tare da haɓakar iodine da haɗin hormone thyroid.

5.Tasirin gabobi na Musamman

• Tsarin Magunguna

• Tsarin numfashi yana daya daga cikin na farko da bayyanar sodium cyanide ya shafa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, hanawar cytochrome c oxidase a cikin sel na tsokoki na numfashi da kuma cibiyoyin numfashi na tsakiya a cikin kwakwalwa yana haifar da rashin ƙarfi na numfashi. Wannan na iya haifar da saurin numfashi da farko yayin da jiki ke ƙoƙarin ramawa don rashin amfani da iskar oxygen, sannan kuma baƙin ciki na numfashi da kuma gazawar numfashi a ƙarshe.

• Tsarin zuciya

• Cyanide - rashin ƙarfi na makamashin salula yana shafar tsokar zuciya (myocardium). Zuciya na iya fuskantar raguwar raguwa, wanda zai haifar da raguwar fitarwar zuciya. Arrhythmias na iya faruwa saboda rushewar tsarin lantarki na yau da kullun a cikin zuciya. Haɗuwar waɗannan illolin na iya haifar da raguwar hawan jini mai yawa, wanda ke ƙara yin lahani ga isar da iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki ga kyallen jikin jiki.

• m System

• Tsarin juyayi yana da matukar damuwa ga tasirin sodium cyanide. Bugu da ƙari, ga mummunan tasirin tasiri mai girma - bayyanar cututtuka irin su rikice-rikice da coma, bayyanar cututtuka na yau da kullum na iya haifar da canje-canje na neurodegenerative. Neurons na iya samun lalacewa saboda rashin kuzari da damuwa na oxidative. Wannan na iya haifar da nakasu na jijiyoyi na dogon lokaci, gami da nakasar fahimi, rashin aikin motsa jiki, da damuwa.

• narkewa kamar tsarin

• Ciwon sodium cyanide zai iya haifar da haushi da lalacewa ga gastrointestinal tract. Alamomin cutar sun haɗa da tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon ciki, da gudawa. A lokuta masu tsanani, za a iya samun lalacewa ga murfin mucosal na ciki da hanji, wanda zai haifar da zubar da jini da kuma ulcer.

Kammalawa

Sodium cyanide, duk da muhimman aikace-aikacen masana'antu, yana haifar da babbar barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Matsanancin gubarsa, duka a cikin yanayi mai tsanani da na yau da kullun, na iya haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da yawa, daga ƙananan alamu zuwa rayuwa - yanayi masu barazana. Ganin yuwuwar cutarwa, tsauraran matakan tsaro suna da mahimmanci a masana'antar da ke amfani da sodium cyanide. Waɗannan matakan sun haɗa da kulawa da kyau, adanawa, da zubar da wurin, da kuma ba da cikakkiyar kariya da horar da ma'aikata. Bugu da ƙari, lura da muhalli yana da mahimmanci don hana sakin sodium cyanide a cikin muhalli, inda kuma zai iya haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam ta hanyar ruwa da iska.