Amfanin Kimiyya na Sodium Cyanide ba tare da Yiwuwar cutarwa ga Muhalli ba

Gabatarwa

sodium cyanide, wani sinadari mai suna NaCN, ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu daban-daban saboda abubuwan sinadarai na musamman. Duk da haka, an kuma san shi da yawan guba, wanda ke haifar da damuwa game da amfani da shi lafiya da kuma tasirin da zai iya tasiri ga muhalli. Wannan labarin yana nufin gano yadda Sodium cyanide za a iya amfani da su a kimiyyance don rage haɗari da kuma hana duk wani lahani ga muhalli.

Kayayyaki da Aikace-aikacen Sodium Cyanide

Chemical Properties

Sodium cyaide fari ne, mai kauri mai kauri wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa. Ya ƙunshi cyanide ion (CN-), wanda ke da alhakin guba. A gaban acid. sodium Cyanide zai iya sakin iskar hydrogen cyanide, wani abu mai jujjuyawa kuma mai guba sosai.

Masana'antu Ayyuka

1.Ma'adinan Ma'adinai

• A fannin hakar gwal. sodium cyanide Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitar da zinare daga ma'adinai. Tsarin, wanda aka sani da cyanidation ko cyanide leaching, shine babban fasahar fitar da zinare tun daga shekarun 1970. Ana amfani da maganin sodium cyanide mai narkewa, wanda yawanci yake farawa daga 100 ppm zuwa 500 ppm (0.01% zuwa 0.05% cyanide), don narkar da zinare daga ma'adinan. Hanyoyi biyu da aka fi amfani da cyanide don dawo da zinare sune leaching da niƙa (wanda kuma aka sani da Carbon - a cikin - leach, CIL). Duk da cewa an gudanar da bincike mai zurfi, ba a sami wani sinadari mai sinadarai da ya dace da yanayin tattalin arziki da muhalli na cyanide a cikin dawo da ƙarfe mai daraja ba. Ma'adanai, a matsayin wani ɓangare na mafi kyawun ayyukansu, suna amfani da ƙaramin cyanide gwargwadon iko don dalilai na muhalli, aminci, da tattalin arziki. Bayan an narkar da zinaren, ana ƙara sarrafa mafita don dawo da zinaren, wanda daga nan ake narkar da shi zuwa zinare mai daraja.

2.Electroplating Industry

• A cikin electroplating, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don haɓaka ingancin tsarin plating. Zai iya rage polarization na anode, yana tabbatar da rushewar anode na al'ada. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da maganin plating da kuma ƙara yawan polarization na cathode, wanda ya haifar da wani nau'i mai nau'i na plating.

3.Hanyoyin Sinadarai

• Sodium cyanide shine mabuɗin albarkatun ƙasa don samar da nau'ikan sinadarai masu yawa. Misali, ana amfani da shi don samar da inorganic mai mahimmanci cyanides irin su yellow prussiate na soda, yellow prussiate na potash, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, da potassium thiocyanate. A cikin masana'antar sinadarai, ana amfani da shi don haɗa abubuwa kamar cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, cyanobenzyl, da cyanuric chloride.

Amfanin Kimiyya na Sodium Cyanide

Amintaccen Gudanarwa a Wurin Aiki

1. Horon Ma'aikata

• Duk ma'aikatan da ke sarrafa sodium cyanide dole ne su sami cikakkiyar horo na musamman. Ya kamata su kasance da masaniya sosai game da kaddarorin sodium cyanide, gami da guba, haɗarin haɗari, da hanyoyin aminci. Ya kamata horarwa ta ƙunshi abubuwa kamar ma'ajiyar da ta dace, sufuri, da martanin gaggawa idan ya zube ko zubewa. Alal misali, suna buƙatar sanin cewa sodium cyanide ya kamata a adana shi a cikin wuri mai sanyi, bushe, da iska mai kyau, daga tushen zafi, harshen wuta, da acid.

2.Injiniya Sarrafawa

• Wuraren aiki da ake amfani da sodium cyanide yakamata su kasance da tsauraran matakan injiniya a wurin. Wannan ya haɗa da samar da isassun iskar sharar gida don cire duk wani hayaki ko iskar gas mai illa. Misali, a cikin ayyukan hakar gwal inda ake amfani da maganin cyanide, wuraren da ake zubar da ruwa ya kamata su kasance suna sanye da na'urori masu ƙarfi na iska don hana tara iskar hydrogen cyanide, wanda za'a iya samarwa idan cyanide ya haɗu da acid. Ya kamata a kula da tsarin iskar iska akai-akai tare da kula da su don tabbatar da aikin su yadda ya kamata.

3.Personal Kariya Equipment (PPE)

• Ma'aikatan da ke sarrafa sodium cyanide yakamata su sa PPE da ya dace koyaushe. Wannan ya haɗa da sinadarai - safar hannu masu juriya, tufafin kariya, da kariya ta numfashi. A wuraren da akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cyanide na iska, ma'aikata su yi amfani da na'urorin numfashi tare da tacewa masu dacewa. Misali, a wuraren sarrafa lantarki, ya kamata ma’aikata su sanya cikakkiyar rigar kariya ta jiki da aka yi da kayan da ba za su iya shiga cikin maganin sodium cyanide ba don hana kamuwa da fata.

Inganta Tsari

1.Madaidaicin Maganganun Sinadarai

• A cikin masana'antu kamar hakar gwal, inganta tsarin cyanidation yana da mahimmanci. Wannan ya haɗa da kulawa da hankali a hankali na maganin sodium cyanide, pH na yanayin amsawa, da lokacin amsawa. Ta hanyar daidaita waɗannan sigogi daidai, ana iya rage yawan adadin sodium cyanide da aka yi amfani da shi yayin da ake samun ingantaccen hakar zinare. Misali, a wasu ma'adinan zinare na zamani, ana amfani da tsarin sa ido na gaba don ci gaba da aunawa da daidaita pH na maganin leaching cyanide. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa halayen yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayi, rage yawan amfani da sodium cyanide.

2.Sake amfani da sake amfani da su

• A cikin matakan da ke amfani da sodium cyanide, ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari don sake yin amfani da sinadaran. A cikin hakar gwal, alal misali, bayan an fitar da zinaren, ana iya magance maganin da ke ɗauke da ragowar cyanide ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na sinadarai da na jiki don dawo da cyanide. Ana iya amfani da fasaha irin su musayar ion da tacewa membrane don raba cyanide daga sauran abubuwan da ke cikin bayani, ba da damar sake amfani da shi a cikin ayyukan leaching na gaba. Wannan ba kawai rage farashin amfani da sodium cyanide ba amma kuma yana rage yawan sharar da ake samu.

Hana Tasirin Muhalli

Maganin wutsiya da Maganin Sharar gida

1.Lalacewar Cyanide a Tailings

• A cikin masana'antar ma'adinai, wutsiya slurries da mafita dauke da leaked abu, ruwa, da sauran cyanide suna bukatar a yi magani kafin fitarwa. Ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na sinadarai da na jiki don rage ko cire cyanide da ya rage daga aikin narkar da gwal. Wata hanyar gama gari ita ce amfani da hydrogen peroxide, wanda zai iya oxidize cyanide zuwa samfuran da ba masu guba ba. A wasu lokuta, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin maganin halittu, inda ake amfani da wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don karya cyanide. Misali, wasu kwayoyin cuta suna iya metabolizing cyanide kuma su mayar da su cikin abubuwa marasa lahani.

2.Ka'idojin Biyayya

• Dokokin gida, jihohi, da na ƙasa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen iyakance adadin da tattarawar cyanide da za a iya fitarwa a cikin muhalli. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun bambanta da ikon hukuma amma gabaɗaya suna buƙatar tsauraran iko kan zubar da siyanide mai ɗauke da sharar gida. Misali, a cikin yankuna da yawa, ana saita matsakaicin adadin da za'a iya ba da izini na cyanide a cikin fitar da kayan aikin wutsiya a cikin ƙananan matakai, sau da yawa a cikin kewayon 0.2 zuwa 0.5 sassa kowace miliyan (ppm) ko 0.00002% zuwa 0.00005% cyanide. Ma'adinai da sauran masana'antu masu amfani da sodium cyanide dole ne su bi waɗannan ka'idoji don hana gurɓatar muhalli.

Kulawa da Shirye-shiryen Gaggawa

1.Sabbin Muhalli

• Kulawa da muhalli na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci don gano duk wani yuwuwar sakin sodium cyanide a cikin muhalli. A yankunan da masana'antun da ke amfani da sodium cyanide suke, za a iya kafa tashoshi na saka idanu don auna yawan ƙwayar cyanide a cikin iska, ruwa, da ƙasa. Misali, a wurin hakar ma'adinai, ana iya gwada samfuran ruwa daga kogunan da ke kusa da koguna da rafuka akai-akai don abun ciki na cyanide. Idan an gano wasu matakan da ba su dace ba, za a iya ɗaukar matakin gaggawa don gano tushen gurɓacewar da kuma hana ƙarin lalacewar muhalli.

2.Shirye-shiryen Amsar Gaggawa

• Ya kamata masana'antun da ke amfani da sodium cyanide su sami ingantaccen tsare-tsaren amsa gaggawa a wurin. Ya kamata waɗannan tsare-tsare su fayyace hanyoyin magance zubewa, zubewa, ko wasu hadurran da suka shafi sodium cyanide. Idan ya zube, yakamata a ɗauki matakan da suka dace nan da nan, kamar yin amfani da kayan abin sha don jiƙa maganin cyanide da ya zube. Ya kamata a horar da ƙungiyoyin bayar da agajin gaggawa don magance irin waɗannan yanayi, kuma su sami damar yin amfani da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci da sinadarai don kawar da tsaftacewa da tsabtace sodium cyanide da aka zubar. Alal misali, a cikin yanayin da aka yi girma - sikelin zube, hydrogen peroxide ko wasu wakilan neutralizing za a iya amfani da su da sauri amsa tare da cyanide da kuma rage yawan guba.

Kammalawa

Sodium cyanide wani muhimmin sinadari ne a masana’antu daban-daban, amma yawan gubar sa yana bukatar a kula da hankali da kimiyance don hana cutar da muhalli. Ta hanyar bin tsauraran matakan tsaro, inganta hanyoyin masana'antu, magance sharar gida yadda ya kamata, da aiwatar da cikakken sa ido da tsare-tsaren amsa gaggawa, ana iya yin amfani da sodium cyanide mai aminci da yanayin muhalli. Wannan ba wai kawai yana tabbatar da dorewar aiki na masana'antun da suka dogara da sodium cyanide ba amma har ma yana kare yanayin muhalli da lafiyar jama'a.