Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu na Sodium Cyanide: Matsayi da yawa daga Ma'adinai zuwa Tsarin Sinadarai

Sodium cyanide, wani sinadari mai kama da ban tsoro, yana taka rawar da babu makawa kuma iri-iri a fagen masana'antu. Yana da yadu ba a yawancin masana'antu, daga Mining to Hannun sunadarai, kuma yana da matukar tasiri ga ci gaban masana'antar zamani.

Hakar Zinariya a Ma'adinai

A cikin masana'antar ma'adinai, mafi yawan sanannun amfani da su sodium Cyanide shi ne don Hakar Zinariya. Zinariya sau da yawa yana wanzuwa a cikin nau'in ɓarke ​​​​masu kyau da aka tarwatsa a cikin ma'adinai kuma yana da wahala a raba kai tsaye. Sodium cyanide na iya mayar da martani ta hanyar sinadarai tare da zinari don samar da ruwa - zinare mai narkewa - rukunin cyanide. Takamaiman tsari shine kamar haka: bayan zinare - mai dauke da ma'adinan ana yin magani na farko kamar niƙa da niƙa, ana haɗe shi da wani bayani mai ɗauke da sodium cyanide, kuma ana shigar da iska. A ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline, ion cyanide (CN⁻) a cikin sodium cyanide yana amsawa da zinariya kamar haka: 4Au + 8NaCN+O₂ + 2H₂O = 4Na [Au (CN) ₂]+4NaOH. Za'a iya rage hadaddun zinari - cyanide da aka samar daga mafita ta hanyar jerin hanyoyin da suka biyo baya, irin su ƙaura tare da foda na zinc, don cimma rabuwa da zinariya daga sauran ƙazanta. Wannan hanya ta inganta yadda ake hako zinari sosai, ta yadda za a iya hako ma'adinan zinare marasa daraja a fannin tattalin arziki, wadanda tun da farko suke da wahala a yi amfani da su, tare da kafa ginshikin ci gaban masana'antar gwal ta duniya. A wasu manyan ma'adinan zinari, ana iya amfani da babban adadin sodium cyanide kowace rana don sarrafa dubunnan ton na tama, tare da ci gaba da samar da zinariya mai tamani.

Raw Material for Chemical Synthesis

A fagen hada-hadar sinadarai, sodium cyanide wani abu ne mai matukar muhimmanci. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don gabatar da ƙungiyar aikin cyano (-CN), wanda ke da mahimmanci a ciki Tsarin Halitta kuma ana iya jujjuya su zuwa wasu ƙungiyoyin aiki daban-daban ta hanyar halayen sinadarai na gaba, kamar ƙungiyar carboxyl (-COOH) da ƙungiyar amino (-NH₂). Misali, lokacin da halogenated hydrocarbon yayi amsa da sodium cyanide a cikin wani canji na nucleophilic, ana maye gurbin halogen atom da ƙungiyar cyano don samar da fili na nitrile. Ɗaukar amsawar ethyl bromide da sodium cyanide a matsayin misali: C₂H₅Br + NaCN → C₂H₅CN + NaBr. Ana iya ƙara haɓakar propionitrile da aka samar don samun propionic acid ko rage don samun propylamine. Wannan hanyar gabatar da ƙungiyar cyano ta hanyar sodium cyanide sannan kuma canza ƙungiyar masu aiki yana ba da hanya mai mahimmanci don tsarin tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin masana'antu irin su magungunan ƙwayoyi da kuma haɗin launi. Hanyoyin haɗin magunguna da yawa sun haɗa da sodium cyanide, kuma yana kama da maɓalli "tushe" don gina tsarin kwayoyin halitta.

Fine Chemical Industry

A cikin samar da samfuran sinadarai masu kyau, sodium cyanide kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Misali, a cikin samar da wasu robobi na injiniyoyi masu girma da kayan aikin roba, halayen da suka shafi sodium cyanide na iya ba da samfura tare da kaddarorin musamman. A cikin haɗin polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, wanda aka fi sani da plexiglass), ana amfani da tsaka-tsakin da aka haɗa tare da sa hannu na sodium cyanide. Ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun halayen sunadarai, cyano - wanda ya ƙunshi fili yana canzawa zuwa monomer tare da takamaiman tsari da kaddarorin, sa'an nan kuma polymerized don samun kayan PMMA tare da kyakkyawan aiki. Ana amfani da wannan abu da yawa a cikin filin gani, kayan ado na gine-gine, da dai sauransu Bugu da ƙari, a cikin samar da wasu masu haɓaka vulcanization don high - aikin rubbers, sodium cyanide kuma wani muhimmin albarkatun kasa. Yana iya inganta tsarin vulcanization na roba da inganta ƙarfi, sa juriya da sauran kaddarorin samfuran roba, yana ba da damar samfuran roba don mafi kyawun biyan buƙatun yanayin aikace-aikacen ƙarfi daban-daban kamar tayoyin mota da bel na jigilar masana'antu.

Aikace-aikace a cikin Electroplating Industry

The Masana'antu Electroplating wani muhimmin filin aikace-aikace ne na sodium cyanide. A cikin tsarin sarrafa lantarki, wajibi ne a ko'ina a ajiye wani Layer na sauran karfe a saman karfe don inganta juriya na lalata, kayan ado da sauran kaddarorin karfe. Sodium cyanide yana da ayyuka da yawa a cikin maganin electroplating. A gefe guda, yana iya samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da ions ƙarfe a cikin bayani na plating, yana sarrafa adadin adadin ions na ƙarfe akan farfajiyar cathode, don haka rufin ya fi dacewa da lafiya. Misali, a cikin aikin plating na jan karfe, sodium cyanide yana samar da hadaddun ions kamar [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ tare da ions jan karfe. Lokacin da wadannan hadaddun ion ions suka fita a cikin cathode, ana iya ajiye kwayoyin atom na jan karfe daidai gwargwado a saman abin da za a yi wa farantin karfe, ana samun suturar tagulla mai santsi kuma mai yawa. A daya hannun, sodium cyanide kuma iya inganta lantarki watsin na plating bayani da watsawa ikon plating bayani, kunna hadaddun - siffa workpieces don samun mai kyau shafi sakamako. Ko da yake saboda da guba na sodium cyanide, cyanide - free electroplating matakai da aka ɓullo da a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a wasu filayen tare da musamman high bukatun ga shafi ingancin, kamar electroplating na lantarki aka gyara da kuma Aerospace sassa, da cyanide - dauke da electroplating tsari har yanzu shagaltar da wani kasuwar rabo saboda ta musamman abũbuwan amfãni, kuma sodium cyanide har yanzu taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wadannan high-karshen electroplating aikace-aikace.

Sauran Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu

Baya ga manyan filayen da aka ambata a sama, ana amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin sauran hanyoyin masana'antu. A cikin Maganin Zafin Karfe masana'antu, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide don maganin cyanide na karfe. By dumama karfe a cikin wani yanayi dauke da sodium cyanide da sauran kafofin watsa labarai, nitrogen da carbon suna lokaci guda infiltrated a cikin surface na karfe don samar da wani cyanide Layer tare da high taurin, high lalacewa juriya da kyau anti-seizure Properties, inganta m yi na karfe surface. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kula da mahimman sassa a fagen kera injina da sassa na kera motoci. A wasu matakan ƙarfe na musamman, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide don ware da tsarkake wasu ƙananan karafa. Ta hanyar samar da ƙayyadaddun gidaje tare da ƙananan karafa, ana samun rabuwar ƙananan karafa da sauran ƙazanta, suna ba da dama ga ingantaccen amfani da ƙananan karafa.

Duk da haka, dole ne mu gane a fili cewa sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai kuma yana haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. A lokacin samarwa, ajiya, sufuri da amfani, dole ne a bi ka'idodin aminci masu dacewa da buƙatun kariyar muhalli, kuma dole ne a ɗauki cikakkun matakan kariya da hanyoyin magance sharar gida don tabbatar da cewa an sarrafa haɗarin da ke tattare da shi yadda ya kamata. Ko da yake sodium cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antu, tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, mutane kuma suna binciko mafi aminci da mafi kyawun yanayi don rage dogaro ga wannan abu mai guba. Amma a halin da ake ciki yanzu, saboda kaddarorin sinadarai na musamman, sodium cyanide har yanzu yana da ƙarfi ya mamaye manyan ayyuka da yawa da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu da su ba a fannonin masana'antu da yawa, daga hakar ma'adinai zuwa haɗaɗɗun sinadarai, suna ci gaba da haɓaka haɓakar masana'antar zamani.