NACN-Sodium Cyanide Aikace-aikace a cikin Metallurgy da Chemical Industry

Gabatarwa

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani sinadari ne wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antar ƙarfe da sinadarai. Duk da yanayinsa mai guba sosai, abubuwan sinadarai na musamman sun sa ya zama dole a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu da yawa. Wannan labarin yana zurfafa cikin aikace-aikacen daban-daban na Sodium cyanide a cikin waɗannan sassa biyu masu mahimmanci na masana'antu.

Abubuwan da ke cikin sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide fari ne mai kauri mai kauri tare da kamshin almond mai daci. Yana da nauyin molar kusan 49.01 g/mol. Yana da narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, tare da narkar da kimanin gram 46 a cikin milliliters 100 na ruwa a zafin jiki. Filin ya ƙunshi Na⁺ cation da CN⁻ anion. Yana da wurin narkewa na kusan 564 ° C da wurin tafasar kusan 1496 ° C. Waɗannan kaddarorin na zahiri da na sinadarai suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar aikace-aikacen sa a yanayin masana'antu daban-daban.

Aikace-aikace a cikin Metallurgy

Hakar Zinariya da Azurfa

Daya daga cikin mafi sanannun aikace-aikace na sodium Cyanide a cikin ƙarfe ne a cikin hakar zinariya da azurfa daga ma'adinan su. Wannan tsari, wanda aka sani da Cyanidation, dogara ne a kan iyawar cyanide ions don samar da barga gidaje tare da zinariya da azurfa. A gaban oxygen da ruwa, sodium cyanide yayi martani da zinare a cikin ma'adinan kamar haka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Zinariya - cyanide complex [Au(CN)₂]⁻ yana narkewa cikin ruwa, yana barin gwal ɗin ya rabu da matrix na tama. Ana ci gaba da sarrafa wannan maganin don dawo da gwal ɗin zalla. Hakazalika, ana iya fitar da azurfa ta amfani da irin wannan tsarin amsawa. Cyanidation hanya ce da ake amfani da ita sosai a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai saboda babban ingancinsa wajen dawo da karafa masu daraja daga ma'adanai masu ƙarancin daraja. Koyaya, dole ne a bi tsauraran ka'idojin aminci da muhalli yayin wannan tsari don hana sakin mahaɗan cyanide mai guba.

Gwanin Karfe

Sodium cyanide kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin hanyoyin lantarki. A cikin wutar lantarki, wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfe na bakin ciki ana ajiye shi a saman wani abu. Ana amfani da baho na tushen wutar lantarki na Cyanide don sanya karafa kamar jan karfe, azurfa, cadmium, da zinc. Cyanide ions a cikin wanka suna yin ayyuka da yawa. Suna taimakawa wajen narkar da ƙarfe na anode, yana tabbatar da ci gaba da samar da ions ƙarfe don ajiya. Cyanide kuma yana aiki a matsayin wakili mai rikitarwa, wanda zai iya inganta ingancin ƙirar ƙarfe da aka ajiye. Zai iya rage yawan ƙwayar hatsi na ajiya, yana haifar da sutura mai laushi da ƙari. Alal misali, a cikin plating na azurfa, sodium cyanide a cikin plating bath yana taimakawa wajen samun haske mai haske, madaidaicin launi na azurfa a kan ma'auni.

Case Hardening Karfe

A cikin yanayin taurin karfe, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don ƙara taurin saman abubuwan ƙarfe. Tsarin ya haɗa da dumama karfe a gaban cyanide - wanda ya ƙunshi fili. Cyanide yana bazuwa a yanayin zafi mai zafi, yana sakin carbon da nitrogen atom. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna bazuwa cikin saman karfen, suna samar da sinadarai masu tauri irin su carbides iron da nitrides. Wannan yana haifar da babban Layer na waje akan karfe, yayin da ainihin ya kasance mai laushi da ductile. Yin amfani da sodium cyanide idan taurin zai iya haɓaka juriya da gajiyawar abubuwan ƙarfe, sanya su dace da aikace-aikace kamar gears, shafts, da bearings.

Aikace-aikace a cikin Masana'antar Kimiyya

Haɗin Kan Haɗin Halitta

Sodium cyanide abu ne mai mahimmanci na farawa don haɗa nau'ikan mahadi masu yawa. Ana amfani da shi wajen samar da magunguna, robobi, rini, da sauran sinadarai. Misali, a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, ana amfani da shi wajen hada magunguna irin su penicillin, bitamin B₆, da folic acid. A cikin kira na penicillin, sodium cyanide yana shiga cikin jerin halayen da ke haifar da samuwar sifa na β-lactam tsarin zobe na ƙwayoyin cuta.

A cikin samar da robobi, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide don haɗa monomers. Alal misali, ana amfani da shi wajen samar da acrylonitrile, wanda shine monomer don yin polyacrylonitrile (PAN), wani polymer na yau da kullum da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da fibers na roba da robobi. Halin sodium cyanide tare da wasu sinadarai kuma na iya haifar da samuwar tsaka-tsakin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban waɗanda aka ƙara sarrafa su don samun ƙarshen da ake so - samfurori.

Samar da Inorganic Cyanides

Ana amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin kayan farawa don samar da wasu muhimman inorganic cyanides. Misali, ana amfani da shi don samarwa Potassium cyanide (KCN), zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), da kuma jan cyanide (CuCN). Wadannan inorganic Cyanides suna da nasu aikace-aikace a masana'antu daban-daban. Ana amfani da Potassium cyanide wajen yin amfani da lantarki, musamman wajen sanya zinari da azurfa. Zinc cyanide ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin plating na zinc, kuma ana amfani da cyanide na jan karfe a cikin wutar lantarki na jan karfe da kuma samar da wasu abubuwan da aka yi da jan karfe. Samar da waɗannan inorganic cyanide yawanci ya haɗa da amsa sodium cyanide tare da gishirin ƙarfe da ya dace ko ta wasu halayen sinadarai.

Amfani a cikin Binciken Kimiyya

A cikin nazarin sinadarai, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide a wasu fasahohin nazari. Misali, a cikin ƙaddarar wasu ions ƙarfe a cikin bayani, ana iya amfani da cyanide azaman wakili mai rikitarwa. Ta hanyar ƙara sodium cyanide zuwa wani bayani mai dauke da ions karfe, za a iya samar da takamaiman karfe - cyanide complexes. Waɗannan rukunin gidaje galibi suna da halayen halayen, kamar launi ko narkewa, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don gano ko ƙididdige ion ƙarfe. Duk da haka, saboda matsananciyar guba na sodium cyanide, yin amfani da shi a cikin bincike na sinadarai yana da tsari sosai, kuma madadin, ƙananan hanyoyi masu guba ana fi son idan akwai.

La'akari da Lafiya

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai. Bayyanawa ga sodium cyanide, ko ta hanyar numfashi, ciki, ko hulɗar fata, na iya zama m. Yana aiki ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da numfashi na salula, yana hana sel daga amfani da iskar oxygen yadda ya kamata. A cikin amfani da masana'antu na sodium cyanide, dole ne a aiwatar da tsauraran matakan tsaro. Ma'aikatan da ke sarrafa sodium cyanide dole ne su sa kayan kariya masu dacewa, gami da safar hannu, tabarau, da kariyar numfashi. Ya kamata a tsara wuraren ajiya na sodium cyanide don hana yadudduka da zubewa, kuma dole ne a samar da shirye-shiryen mayar da martani na gaggawa idan an sake fitowar bazata. Kariyar muhalli kuma babbar damuwa ce, saboda duk wani sakin sodium cyanide a cikin muhalli zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga namun daji da tushen ruwa.

Kammalawa

Sodium cyanide, duk da gubar da ke tattare da shi, yana da aikace-aikace iri-iri kuma masu mahimmanci a cikin masana'antun ƙarfe da na sinadarai. A cikin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, yana da mahimmanci don hakar ƙarfe mai daraja, platin ƙarfe, da taurin harka. A cikin masana'antar sinadarai, yana aiki azaman maɓalli na farawa don haɗa nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa kuma yana da aikace-aikace a cikin binciken sinadarai. Koyaya, amfani da sodium cyanide dole ne koyaushe ya kasance tare da tsayayyen aminci da matakan kare muhalli don rage haɗarin da ke tattare da wannan fili mai guba. Yayin da fasahar ke ci gaba, ana ci gaba da kokarin samar da wasu hanyoyin da za su iya cimma burin masana'antu iri daya ba tare da yin amfani da irin wannan sinadari mai hatsari ba, amma a halin yanzu, sodium cyanide ya kasance muhimmin bangare a cikin ayyukan masana'antu da yawa.