Sodium Cyanide: Ingantacciyar Magani don Ƙarƙashin Ƙarshen Zinare

A fannin hakar gwal, hako zinare daga ma'adinan da ba su da daraja a koyaushe ya kasance babban kalubale. Karamar ma'adinan gwal, yawanci suna ƙunshe da 0.30 - 0.50g/t na zinari, suna gabatar da sifofi masu sarƙaƙƙiya waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga hanyoyin hakar kai tsaye. Duk da haka, aikace-aikace na Sodium cyanide a cikin tsarin leaching ya fito a matsayin mafita mai matukar tasiri, yana canza yadda muke sarrafa irin wannan ma'adinai.

Matsayin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Leaching na Zinariya

sodium cyanide wani sinadari ne da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitar da zinare daga ma'adinan sa. Lokacin da ake hulɗa da ma'adanai masu ɗauke da zinariya. sodium Cyanide amsa tare da zinariya, forming wani mai narkewa zinariya cyanide hadaddun. Ana iya sauƙaƙa wannan amsa kamar haka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Wannan tsari mai rikitarwa yana ba da damar zinariya, wanda sau da yawa yana samuwa a cikin ƙananan nau'i da kuma tarwatsawa a cikin matrix matrix, don narkar da shi kuma ya rabu da ma'adinan gangue da ke kewaye. The musamman sinadaran Properties na sodium cyanide ba shi damar zaɓar zinari, yana mai da shi ingantaccen reagent don ayyukan leaching na gwal.

Hanyar Leaching ta Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

1. Taka Shiri

Mataki na farko a cikin ƙananan matakan aikin leken asirin gwal shine shirya tama. Wannan ya haɗa da murkushewa da niƙa ma'adinan zuwa girman da ya dace. Manufar ita ce a bijirar da yawancin ma'adinan zinari kamar yadda zai yiwu, haɓaka hulɗar tsakanin maganin sodium cyanide da zinariya. Misali, a cikin aiki na yau da kullun, ana iya murƙushe ma'adinan ta hanyar amfani da muƙamuƙi crushers da mazugi, sannan a ƙara ƙasa a cikin injin ƙwallon ƙwallon don cimma girman barbashi da ya dace da ingantaccen leaching, sau da yawa a cikin kewayon -150 + 75 µm kamar yadda bincike ya nuna ya zama mafi kyau ga wasu ma'adanai.

2. Leaching

Da zarar an shirya ma'adinan, an sanya shi a cikin yanayin leaching. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na leaching, tare da tsibi leaching kasancewa na kowa ga ƙananan ma'adinai. A cikin tudun ruwa, ana tara ma'adinan a kan kushin ƙasa na musamman da aka ƙera wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba. Maganin dilute sodium cyanide, yawanci a cikin kewayon 200 - 500 ppm, sannan a ci gaba da fesa shi akan tulin tama. Maganin ya ratsa ta cikin ma'adinai, yana amsawa tare da zinariya kuma ya narkar da shi. Tsarin leaching yawanci ana aiwatar da shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline, tare da pH na maganin ana kiyaye shi kusan 10 - 11 ta amfani da lemun tsami ko sodium hydroxide. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen hana samuwar iskar hydrogen cyanide, wani abu mai guba, sannan kuma yana inganta narkewar gwal a cikin maganin cyanide.

3. Zinariya farfadowa

Bayan an narkar da zinaren a cikin ruwan cyanide, mataki na gaba shine a dawo da shi. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su shine CarbonTsarin -in-pulp (CIP) ko carbon-in-leach (CIL). A cikin waɗannan hanyoyin, Carbon aiki Ana ƙara shi a cikin ruwan leach slurry. Ana haɗa sinadarin cyanide na zinari a saman carbon ɗin da aka kunna saboda yawan sha'awarsa ga zinariya. Sannan ana raba carbon ɗin da aka ɗora daga slurry, kuma ana cire zinarin daga carbon ta amfani da maganin cyanide mai kauri. Daga baya, ana dawo da zinarin daga maganin da aka cire ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin electrowinning ko zinc hazo. Wata hanya kuma ita ce hanyar maye gurbin foda na zinc, wadda ta dace da ruwa mai daraja mai ɗauke da zinariya bayan cire cyanide. Ana amfani da foda na zinc ko waya na zinc a matsayin abin rage zafi don fitar da zinarin daga maganin.

4. Maganin wutsiya

Ragowar kayan bayan dawo da zinariya, wanda aka sani da wutsiya, ya ƙunshi ragowar cyanide da sauran ƙazanta. Maganin wutsiya mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don kare muhalli. Yawancin lokaci ana bi da wutsiyar da sinadarai don karya ragowar cyanide. Alal misali, ana iya amfani da hydrogen peroxide ko sulfur dioxide don oxidize da cyanide zuwa mahadi marasa guba. Bayan an yi magani, ana zubar da wutsiyar a cikin wani dam ɗin da aka tsara da kyau, wanda aka kera don hana fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa cikin muhalli.

Fa'idodin Amfani da Sodium Cyanide a cikin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Zinare

1. High Selectivity

Sodium cyanide yana nuna babban zaɓi na zaɓi zuwa zinariya. Zai iya narkar da zinari yadda ya kamata yayin barin sauran ma'adanai da yawa a cikin matrix ɗin tama ba tare da amsawa ba. Wannan zaɓin yana ba da damar ingantacciyar rabuwar zinare daga hadaddun ma'adinai mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman a cikin ƙananan ma'auni inda abun ciki na zinariya ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma kasancewar sauran ma'adanai na iya tsoma baki tare da tsarin hakar.

2. Tasiri mai Inganci

Idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin da za a bi don hakar gwal daga ƙananan ma'adanai, amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin aikin leaching yana da ɗan tsada. Reagents da ake buƙata, irin su sodium cyanide kanta, lemun tsami don daidaita pH, da kunna carbon don dawo da gwal, ana samunsu ta kasuwanci akan farashi masu ma'ana. Bugu da ƙari, kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin leaching na cyanide, irin su crushers, grinders, leaching tanks, da carbon adsorption ginshiƙai, daidaitattun kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai ne, wanda ke ƙara rage yawan farashin aikin.

3. Ingantacciyar Fasaha

Amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin leaching na zinariya yana da dogon tarihi, tun daga shekarun 1880. A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, an tattara babban bincike da ƙwarewa mai amfani, wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen haɓaka da fasaha mai ladabi. Wannan yana nufin cewa kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na iya dogara da hanyoyin da aka tabbatar da su da fasaha, rage haɗarin da ke tattare da sababbin hanyoyin da ba a gwada su ba. Abubuwan ababen more rayuwa da tushen ilimi a cikin masana'antar kuma suna sauƙaƙa aiwatarwa da haɓaka ayyukan leaching cyanide.

Kalubalen da ke Haɗe da Amfani da Sodium Cyanide da Maganin Su

1. Guba

Sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai, kuma sarrafa shi da amfani da shi yana haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Dangane da wannan ƙalubale, an aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idojin aminci a ayyukan hakar ma'adinai. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ma'ajiya mai kyau a cikin amintattun wurare, ingantattun wurare, yin amfani da kayan kariya na mutum da ma'aikata, da horarwa akai-akai kan hanyoyin kula da lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, ana haɓaka sabbin fasahohi don rage amfani da sodium cyanide. Misali, ci gaban madadin leaching reagents, kamar thiosulfate-tushen leaching agents, waɗanda basu da guba, suna nuna alkawari. Duk da cewa har yanzu ba a karɓi waɗannan hanyoyin da yawa kamar sodium cyanide ba, bincike mai gudana yana nufin haɓaka ayyukansu da ingancin farashi.

2. Damuwar muhalli

Amfani da sodium cyanide zai iya haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli idan ba a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata ba. Cyanide a cikin wutsiya na iya shiga cikin ƙasa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, yana haifar da lahani ga rayuwar ruwa da yanayin muhalli. Don magance wannan, ana amfani da dabarun sarrafa wutsiya na zamani. Wannan ya haɗa da yin amfani da madatsun ruwa masu layi don hana ɓarna, da kuma kula da wutsiya don rage matakan cyanide zuwa iyakar yarda. Wasu kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai kuma suna nazarin yiwuwar sake yin amfani da su da kuma sake amfani da cyanide a cikin aikin leaching, yana kara rage tasirin muhalli.

3. Hadadden Halayen Ore

Karamar ma'adinan zinare galibi suna da hadaddun abubuwan ma'adinai, waɗanda zasu iya haifar da ƙalubale ga tsarin leaching na cyanide. Alal misali, kasancewar wasu ma'adanai na sulfide, irin su pyrite, na iya cinye cyanide da oxygen, rage tasirin hakar zinariya. Don shawo kan wannan, ana amfani da hanyoyin riga-kafi a wasu lokuta. Ana iya amfani da maganin rigakafi na Oxidation, kamar bio-oxidation ko gasasshen, don rushe ma'adanai sulfide kuma ya sa zinari ya fi dacewa da maganin cyanide. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka sigogin leaching, kamar tattarawar sodium cyanide, pH na maganin, da lokacin leaching, na iya taimakawa haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar tama daban-daban.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa na gaba a cikin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Zinariya tare da Sodium Cyanide

1. Inganta Tsari

Bincike mai gudana yana mai da hankali kan ƙara inganta tsarin leaching cyanide. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da ingantattun dabarun ƙirar ƙira don hasashen halayen leaching na ma'adanai daban-daban da haɓaka sigogin tsari. Alal misali, ana iya amfani da ƙididdigar ruwa mai ƙima (CFD) don daidaita magudanar ruwan cyanide ta cikin tulin tama, tabbatar da rarraba iri ɗaya da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin mafita da zinare. Bugu da ƙari, ana haɓaka tsarin kulawa na lokaci-lokaci don daidaita tsarin leaching dangane da canza halayen tama da yanayin aiki, wanda ke haifar da ƙimar dawo da gwal da rage yawan amfani da reagent.

2. Haɗin kai tare da Sabbin Fasaha

Makomar ƙarancin ƙarancin gwal na leaching na iya haɗawa da haɗaɗɗun leaching sodium cyanide tare da sabbin fasahohi. Misali, amfani da nanotechnology don haɓaka sake kunnawa na leaching reagents ko don inganta aikin hanyoyin dawo da gwal. Nanoparticle tushen mai kara kuzari na iya yuwuwar haɓaka abin da ke tsakanin sodium cyanide da zinare, rage lokacin leaching da haɓaka inganci. Wani yanki na ci gaba shine amfani da basirar wucin gadi da na'ura don nazarin adadi mai yawa daga ayyukan hakar ma'adinai, ba da damar yanke shawara mafi kyau a cikin sarrafawa da ingantawa.

3. Ayyuka masu Dorewa

Yayin da matsalolin muhalli da zamantakewa ke ci gaba da girma, masana'antar hakar ma'adinai na kara ba da fifiko kan ayyuka masu dorewa. A cikin mahallin ƙarancin ƙarancin gwal ɗin leaching tare da sodium cyanide, wannan yana nufin haɓaka ƙarin hanyoyin abokantaka da muhalli. Wannan ya haɗa da rage amfani da reagents mai guba, rage yawan sharar gida, da tabbatar da sarrafa wutsiya daidai. Kamfanonin hakar ma'adanai kuma suna mai da hankali kan hada-hadar jama'a da ayyukan ci gaban zamantakewa don tabbatar da karbuwa na dogon lokaci da dorewar ayyukansu.

A ƙarshe, sodium cyanide ya kasance muhimmin sashi a cikin hakar gwal daga ƙananan ma'adinai. Duk da ƙalubalen da ke tattare da amfani da shi, ci gaba da bincike da ci gaban fasaha suna ci gaba da inganta inganci, aminci, da dorewar muhalli na tsarin leaching na cyanide. Ta hanyar magance waɗannan ƙalubalen da kuma rungumar abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba, masana'antar hakar gwal na iya ci gaba da fitar da ƙima daga ƙananan ma'adinan gwal cikin inganci da inganci.