Aikace-aikacen Sodium Cyanide a matsayin Maƙarƙashiyar Copper a cikin Ma'adinan Copper-Molybdenum

Gabatarwa

A cikin tsari mai sarkakiya na amfani da ma'adinan jan ƙarfe da molybdenum, rabuwar ma'adinan jan ƙarfe da molybdenum mai inganci yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don haɓaka ƙimar tattalin arzikin ma'adinan. An daɗe ana amfani da Sodium cyanide a matsayin mai rage damuwa a cikin tsarin flotation don hana ma'adinan jan ƙarfe zaɓi, wanda ke ba da damar yin flotation na molybdenum mafi kyau. Wannan labarin ya yi nazari kan amfani da Sodium cyanide a cikin wani takamaiman ma'adinan jan ƙarfe da molybdenum, yana bincika tsarin aikinsa, aiwatarwa a aikace, da ƙalubalen da mafita da ke da alaƙa da amfani da shi.

Aiki Mechanism na Sodium Cyanide a matsayin Mai Bacin rai

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) magani ne mai matuƙar tasiri ga ma'adanai na sulfide kamar chalcopyrite (tama na jan ƙarfe). A cikin tsarin flotation, Sodium Cyanide yana rabuwa a cikin ruwa don sakin ions na cyanide (CN⁻). Waɗannan ions na cyanide na iya yin aiki da ions na ƙarfe a saman ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe. Misali, tare da chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂), ions na cyanide na iya samar da hadaddun ƙarfe-cyanide masu ƙarfi. Ana iya wakiltar martanin kamar haka:

CuFeS₂ + 4CN⁻ → Cu(CN)₄²⁻ + FeS₂ + 2e⁻

Wannan martanin yana narkar da ions na jan ƙarfe a saman chalcopyrite yadda ya kamata, yana samar da wani Layer na jan ƙarfe-cyanide mai hydrophilic. Sakamakon haka, saman ma'adinan jan ƙarfe ya zama ƙasa da hydrophobic, yana rage ikonsa na haɗawa da kumfa a cikin ƙwayar flotation. Sabanin haka, molybdenite (MoS₂), babban ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da molybdenum, yana da ɗan rashin ƙarfi ga ions na cyanide a ƙarƙashin yanayin flotation na yau da kullun. Molybdenite yana da saman hydrophobic na halitta saboda tsarinsa mai layi, wanda ke ba shi damar shawagi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar mai tarawa da kumfa na iska a cikin tsarin flotation yayin da ma'adinan jan ƙarfe ke rage shi ta hanyar sodium cyanide.

Nazarin Harka: Copper-Molybdenum Mine

Halayen Ore

Ma'adinan jan ƙarfe-molybdenum yana da jikin tama tare da hadadden ma'adinai. Babban ma'adanai na jan karfe sune chalcopyrite da bornite, yayin da molybdenum yafi kasancewa a matsayin molybdenite. Ma'adinan yawanci ya ƙunshi matsakaicin 0.8% jan ƙarfe da 0.03% molybdenum. Girman girman rabon ma'adinan shima ya bambanta, tare da wasu ma'adanai masu kyau waɗanda ke haifar da ƙalubale don ingantaccen rabuwa.

Gudun Tsarin Ruwa

1.Bulk Flotation Stage

• A cikin matakin farko na tsarin flotation, ana amfani da hanyar tuki mai girma. Ana ƙara mai tarawa kamar sodium isopropyl xanthate zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara don taso kan ma'adanai na jan karfe da molybdenum tare. Wannan yana samar da babban adadin jan ƙarfe-molybdenum. Manufar wannan mataki shine don wadatar da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci daga ma'adinan gangue.

2.Separation Flotation Stage

• Bayan daɗaɗɗen iyo, ana ƙara sarrafa yawan abubuwan da aka tattara a cikin matakin rabuwa. Ana ƙara sodium cyanide zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara a wannan mataki. Ana sarrafa ƙarin adadin sodium cyanide a hankali bisa la'akari da abun ciki na jan karfe a cikin babban taro da tasirin rabuwa da ake so. Yawanci, sashi ya bambanta daga 300 - 500 grams a kowace ton na babban taro.

• Sa'an nan kuma an daidaita ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin jerin tankuna na kwandishan don tabbatar da daidaitattun rarraba sodium cyanide da kuma tasiri mai tasiri tare da ma'adanai na jan karfe. Bayan sharadi, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana shiga sel masu iyo. A cikin sel flotation, ma'adinan jan ƙarfe masu rauni suna nutsewa zuwa ƙasa a matsayin wutsiya, yayin da molybdenite ke yawo a sama tare da taimakon kumfa na iska kuma ana tattara su azaman molybdenum maida hankali.

3.Molybdenum Tsabtace Matakan

• Matsakaicin molybdenum da aka samu daga keɓewar flotation ana ƙara sarrafa shi ta matakai da yawa na tsaftace ruwa. A cikin waɗannan matakan tsaftacewa, ana iya ƙara ƙarin reagents don ƙara haɓaka tsabtar tattarawar molybdenum. Wutsiyoyi daga matakan tsaftacewa yawanci ana sake yin fa'ida zuwa wurin da ya dace a cikin rarrabuwa ko tsari mai yawa don haɓaka dawo da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci.

Sakamakon Karfe

1.Molybdenum farfadowa da na'ura

• Kafin aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin rabuwa na cyanide na tushen, molybdenum farfadowa a cikin ma'adinan ya kusan kashi 60% tare da darajar maida hankali na molybdenum kusan 40%. Bayan daidaitawa a hankali na adadin sodium cyanide da sigogi na tsari, farfadowa na molybdenum ya karu zuwa fiye da 75%. Hakanan an inganta darajar ƙwayar molybdenum zuwa kashi 45 ko sama da haka a mafi yawan lokuta.

2.Copper Depressing Effect

• Yin amfani da sodium cyanide ya rage tasirin ma'adinan jan ƙarfe. Abubuwan da ke cikin jan ƙarfe a cikin molybdenum na ƙarshe an rage su daga kusan 5% zuwa ƙasa da 2%. Wannan gagarumin raguwa a cikin abun ciki na jan karfe a cikin molybdenum maida hankali ba kawai inganta ingancin samfurin molybdenum ba amma har ma yana rage farashin ƙara tsaftace ƙwayar molybdenum a cikin tsarin narkewa.

Kalubale da Magani a Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

Damuwar Muhalli da Tsaro

1.Dabacin Sodium Cyanide

• Sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai. Duk wani yatsa ko rashin kulawa yayin aikin hakar ma'adinai da fa'ida na iya haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. Idan aka sami zubewar bazata, ions na cyanide na iya shiga cikin ƙasa cikin sauri da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, suna haifar da gurɓata yanayi da yin haɗari ga rayuwar ruwa da tsirrai.

2.Maganinta

• Tsauraran Ka'idojin Tsaro : Ma'adinan ya aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idoji na tsaro don ajiya, jigilar kaya, da amfani da sodium cyanide. Ana amfani da wuraren ajiya na musamman tare da tankuna masu bango biyu da tsarin gano ɓuɓɓuga don adana sodium cyanide. Duk ma'aikatan da ke da hannu a sarrafa sodium cyanide ana buƙatar su yi horo na yau da kullun kan tsaro, gami da hanyoyin gaggawa idan ɓuɓɓuga ta faru.

• Maganin Tayal da Ruwan Shara : Ma'adinan ya sanya tsarin sarrafa ruwan shara na zamani. Bayan aikin iyo, ana yi wa tayal da ruwan shara da ke ɗauke da ragowar sodium cyanide magani don cirewa ko kuma kawar da sinadarin cyanide daga jiki. Hanya ɗaya da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce amfani da hydrogen peroxide ko hypochlorite don oxidize ions na cyanide zuwa nau'ikan da ba su da guba kamar cyanate (CNO⁻) ko nitrogen da Carbon dioxide. Sannan ana sa ido sosai kan ruwan shara da aka yi wa magani don tabbatar da cewa yawan cyanide ya cika ƙa'idodin fitar da iskar shara kafin a sake shi.

Kalubalen Haɓaka Tsari

1.Variability in Ore Quality

• Ingancin tama a cikin tagulla - molybdenum mine na iya bambanta sosai. Batches na ma'adinai daban-daban na iya samun tagulla daban-daban - molybdenum rabo, abubuwan ma'adinai, da rarraba girman barbashi. Wannan sauye-sauye na iya rinjayar tasiri na sodium cyanide a matsayin mai lalacewa. Alal misali, a cikin ma'adinan da ke da mafi girma na ma'adinan jan ƙarfe mai kyau - hatsi, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin sodium cyanide don cimma matsayi ɗaya na baƙin ciki na jan karfe.

2.Maganinta

• Binciken Ma'adinai na Gaskiya : Ma'adinan ya zuba jari a cikin kayan aikin bincike na zamani don yin nazarin ma'adinan da ke shigowa a ainihin lokaci. Ana amfani da hasken X-ray (XRF) da kuma na'urar laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) don tantance sinadaran da ke cikin ma'adinan cikin sauri. Dangane da sakamakon binciken, ana iya daidaita yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adinan cikin lokaci.

• Tsarin Kula da Tsarin Samfura : An ƙirƙiri samfurin lissafi don yin hasashen mafi kyawun adadin sodium cyanide da sigogin tsari bisa ga halayen ma'adinan. Tsarin yana la'akari da abubuwa kamar rabon jan ƙarfe - molybdenum, abun da ke cikin ma'adanai, da girman barbashi. Wannan tsarin kula da tsari bisa ga samfurin yana ba da damar ƙarin iko na tsarin flotation, yana inganta ingancin rabuwar jan ƙarfe - molybdenum koda kuwa ana fuskantar bambancin ingancin ma'adinai.

Kammalawa

Amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin maganin rage damuwa na jan ƙarfe a cikin tsarin flotation ya tabbatar da cewa yana da tasiri wajen cimma rabuwar ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe da molybdenum. Ta hanyar kula da yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide da kyau, inganta kwararar tsarin flotation, da kuma aiwatar da tsauraran matakan muhalli da aminci, ma'adinan ya sami damar inganta murmurewa da matakin molybdenum tare da rage ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka, ƙalubalen da ke tattare da amfani da sodium cyanide, kamar matsalolin muhalli da aminci da inganta tsari idan aka fuskanci bambancin ingancin ma'adinai, suna buƙatar kulawa akai-akai da aiwatar da mafita masu dacewa. Yayin da masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai ke matsawa zuwa ga ayyuka masu dorewa da inganci, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike da haɓakawa don nemo wasu magungunan rage damuwa ko inganta tsarin da ake amfani da shi na sodium cyanide don rage tasirin muhalli yayin da ake ci gaba da ingantaccen aikin ƙarfe.