Sodium Cyanide: Muhimmin Sinadari a Masana'antu

Gabatarwa

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani muhimmin sinadari ne da ba ya cikin sinadarai a fannin albarkatun sinadarai. Tare da kebantattun kaddarorin sinadarai, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni da dama na masana'antu. Wannan labarin ya yi nazari kan halaye, aikace-aikace, samarwa, da kuma yanayin aminci na Sodium cyanide , yana mai nufin samar da cikakkiyar fahimtar wannan muhimmin sinadari.

Abubuwan da ke cikin sodium Cyanide

jiki Properties

Sodium cyanide yana bayyana a matsayin farin crystalline mai ƙarfi, dunƙule, ko foda. Yana da hygroscopic kuma yana da ɗan ƙamshin almond mai ɗaci. Yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, tare da kimanin kilogiram 0.4 na Sodium Cyanide mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya narkewa a cikin kilogiram 1 na ruwa a 30 °C. Hakanan yana da ɗan narkewa a cikin ethanol. Haɗin yana da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 49.007 g/mol, wurin narkewa na 564 °C, da kuma wurin tafasa na 1469 °C, tare da matsin tururi na 0.1 kPa a 800 °C.

Chemical Properties

Sodium cyanide tushe ne mai ƙarfi - gishirin acid mai rauni. Maganin ruwansa na iya zama kristal don samar da sodium cyanide hydrates wanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin ruwa ɗaya ko biyu a ƙasa da 1.34 °C. Lokacin da zafin ya wuce 34.7 °C, yana rasa ruwan crystallization kuma ya zama gishirin da ba shi da ruwa. Yana amsawa cikin sauƙi da acid, har ma da acid mai rauni sosai. Karfe kamar ƙarfe, zinc, nickel, jan ƙarfe, cobalt, azurfa, da cadmium na iya narkewa a cikin maganin sodium cyanide, wanda ke haifar da samuwar cyanide masu dacewa . A gaban iskar oxygen, yana iya narkar da karafa masu daraja kamar zinariya da azurfa don samar da gishiri masu rikitarwa. Bai dace da acid ba kuma yana iya amsawa da carbon dioxide. A cikin iska mai danshi ko ruwa, yana iya ruɓewa. Idan aka dumama shi a gaban iskar oxygen, yana samar da iskar gas mai guba kamar hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, da nitrogen oxides. Yana yin martani mai ƙarfi da nitrates, nitrites, da chlorates, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin fashewa.

Aikace-aikace na sodium Cyanide

Masana'antar Haraji

A fannin hakar ma'adinai , musamman a fannin haƙar ma'adinai, musamman a fannin haƙar ma'adinai masu daraja kamar zinariya da azurfa, sodium cyanide yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Tsarin cyanidation, wanda ya ƙunshi amfani da maganin sodium cyanide don narkar da zinariya da azurfa daga ma'adanai, ana amfani da shi sosai saboda sauƙinsa da ƙarancin farashi. Ga kowace kilogiram na zinariya da aka samar, ana iya buƙatar kimanin tan huɗu zuwa biyar na sodium cyanide. Bukatar sodium cyanide a wannan fanni yana da alaƙa da sauyin farashin karafa masu daraja a kasuwar duniya. Yayin da tattalin arzikin duniya ke farfaɗowa kuma farashin karafa masu daraja ke ƙaruwa, ƙaruwar ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai yana haifar da ƙarin buƙatar sodium cyanide.

Hannun sunadarai

1.Maganin Magunguna

Sodium cyanide yana aiki a matsayin muhimmin albarkatun ƙasa a cikin haɗin magunguna. Ana amfani da shi wajen samar da magunguna na yau da kullun da abubuwan abinci kamar su penicillin, bitamin B6. folic acid, guanine, dan caffeine. A cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, rawar da take takawa wajen samar da takamaiman sifofin sinadarai a cikin kwayoyin kwayoyi ba makawa ne, yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaba da samar da magunguna masu magance cututtuka daban-daban.

2.Samar da magungunan kashe qwari

A cikin masana'antar magungunan kashe qwari, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don kera magungunan kashe qwari na yau da kullun kamar glyphosate, fenvalerate, paraquat, atrazine, da isoprothiolane. Wadannan magungunan kashe qwari suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare amfanin gona daga kwari da ciyawa, tabbatar da wadatar abinci. Hanyoyin roba da suka haɗa da sodium cyanide suna ba da damar ƙirƙirar mahaɗan magungunan kashe qwari tare da takamaiman abubuwan sinadarai.

3.Synthesis of Other Chemical Compounds

Tushen gini ne na samar da nau'ikan Cyanide marasa tsari da na halitta . Idan aka yi amfani da sodium cyanide kai tsaye, ana iya samar da muhimman cyanides marasa tsari kamar sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, da potassium thiocyanate. A fannin cyanides na halitta, ana haɗa mahadi kamar cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, benzyl cyanide, da cyanuric chloride. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar samar da hydrogen cyanide daga sodium cyanide, ana iya ƙara ƙera samfuran kamar methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid, da glycolonitrile. Ana amfani da waɗannan mahadi sosai wajen samar da kayan roba, gami da robobi, roba, da zare.

Masana'antu Electroplating

A cikin electroplating, sodium cyanide wani mahimmin sashi ne a cikin electroplating baho don karafa kamar jan karfe, azurfa, cadmium, da zinc. Zai iya rage tasirin polarization na anodic, yana tabbatar da rushewar anode na al'ada. A lokaci guda, yana iya haɓaka tasirin polarization na cathodic, yana taimakawa don samun suturar ƙarfe na yau da kullun akan farfajiyar aikin. Wannan ba kawai yana inganta juriya na lalata sassan ƙarfe ba amma kuma yana haɓaka kamanninsu, yana sa samfuran lantarki su zama masu daɗi da dorewa.

Samar da Sodium Cyanide

Samar da sodium cyanide wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa. Hanya ɗaya ta gama gari ita ce tsarin Andrussow, wanda ya haɗa da amsawar methane, ammonia, da iskar oxygen a kan platinum - rhodium catalyst a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Wata hanyar ita ce tsarin Castner, wanda ke amfani da amsawar sodium amide tare da carbon a cikin tanderun lantarki. Koyaya, saboda yawan guba da yuwuwar haɗarin muhalli na sodium cyanide, samar da shi yana da ƙayyadaddun tsari daga sassan gwamnati masu dacewa a duniya. Masu kera suna buƙatar cika ƙaƙƙarfan aminci da ka'idojin kare muhalli don tabbatar da samar da wannan sinadari mai aminci da dorewa.

Tsaro da Kula da Sodium Cyanide

Abin guba

Sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai. Ko da ƙaramin adadin, kamar 100 - 200 MG, zai iya zama mai mutuwa idan an sha, sha, ko sha ta cikin fata. Da zarar ya shiga jikin mutum, sai ya saki ion cyanide (CN-), wanda ke da alaka mai karfi ga ion iron a cikin sel. Wannan yana rushe tsarin iskar oxygen na al'ada a cikin sel, yana haifar da asphyxiation cell da hypoxia nama, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa. Mummunan bayyanar cututtuka na iya haifar da alamu kamar rauni, tashin hankali, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, maƙarƙashiyar ƙirji, wahalar numfashi, bugun bugun zuciya, da kuma asarar hayyacinsu.

Tsarin Tsaro

1.Sanarwa

Sodium cyanide ya kamata a adana shi a cikin sanyi, bushe, wuri mai kyau - iska, nesa da tushen zafi, ƙonewa, da acid. Ya kamata a adana shi a cikin kwantena masu kulle-kulle da aka yi da kayan da suka dace don hana yaɗuwa da amsawa tare da muhalli. Ya kamata a samar da wuraren ajiya tare da ɗigogi - tsarin tattarawa da alamun gargaɗi don hana fallasa haɗari.

2.Tafi

A lokacin sufuri, sodium cyanide dole ne ya bi ka'idoji masu tsauri. Ana buƙatar motocin sufuri na musamman tare da fasalulluka na aminci masu dacewa. Dole ne a kula da tsarin sufuri a hankali don hana duk wani yuwuwar zubewa ko haɗari. Shirye-shiryen mayar da martani na gaggawa da kayan aiki yakamata su kasance a cikin yanayin yanayin da ba a zata ba.

3.Handling a cikin Saitunan Masana'antu

Ma'aikatan da ke sarrafa sodium cyanide a cikin masana'antu dole ne su sami cikakken horo na aminci. Ya kamata su sa kayan kariya da suka dace, gami da na'urar numfashi, tufafin kariya, safar hannu, da tabarau. Ayyukan a cikin shuka yakamata su bi tsauraran matakan aiki don rage haɗarin fallasa. Idan ya zube ko zubewa, yakamata a ɗauki matakan gaggawa na gaggawa, kamar yin amfani da hydrogen peroxide don kawar da cyanide sodium.

Tasirin Muhalli

Zubar da rashin dacewa na sodium cyanide ko kayan sharar sa na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako na muhalli. Cyanide - wanda ke dauke da sharar gida da sharar gida na iya gurɓata ƙasa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, tare da yin barazana ga rayuwar tsirrai, dabbobi, da halittun ruwa. A cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, alal misali, ana samar da babban adadin cyanide - dauke da wutsiya a kowace shekara. Waɗannan wutsiyoyi, idan ba a sarrafa su yadda ya kamata ba, na iya haifar da haɗarin muhalli na dogon lokaci. Don haka, tsauraran matakan kare muhalli da fasahohin maganin sharar gida suna da mahimmanci don rage tasirin muhalli na ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da sodium cyanide.

Kammalawa

Duk da yawan gubar da ke tattare da shi, sinadarin sodium cyanide muhimmin sinadari ne a masana'antu daban-daban. Abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai na musamman suna ba shi damar taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haƙar ƙarfe masu daraja, haɗa sinadarai , da kuma samar da wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, saboda haɗarin da ke tattare da shi ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli, dole ne a bi ƙa'idodin tsaro masu tsauri da hanyoyin sarrafawa masu dacewa a duk lokacin samarwa, sufuri, adanawa, da amfani da shi. Yayin da fasaha ke ci gaba, ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa da muhalli da aminci ko ingantattun hanyoyin don rage dogaro da haɗarin da ke tattare da sodium cyanide yayin da har yanzu ake biyan buƙatun ci gaban masana'antu.