Sodium Cyanide: Muhimmin Sinadari a Masana'antu

Gabatarwa

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani muhimmin fili ne na inorganic a cikin sararin daular sinadarai. Tare da sinadarai na musamman, yana taka rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba a yawancin sassan masana'antu. Wannan labarin yana zurfafa cikin kaddarorin, aikace-aikace, samarwa, da bangarorin aminci na Sodium cyanide, da nufin samar da cikakkiyar fahimtar wannan sinadari mai mahimmanci.

Abubuwan da ke cikin sodium Cyanide

jiki Properties

Sodium cyanide yana bayyana azaman daskararrun kristal, lumps, ko foda. Yana da hygroscopic kuma yana da kamshin almond mai ɗaci. Yana da narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, tare da kusan kilogiram 0.4 na m sodium Cyanide iya narke a cikin 1 kg na ruwa a 30 ° C. Hakanan yana da wasu solubility a cikin ethanol. Filin yana da nauyin kwayoyin 49.007 g/mol, wurin narkewa na 564 ° C, da kuma wurin tafasa na 1469 ° C, tare da matsa lamba na 0.1 kPa a 800 ° C.

Chemical Properties

Sodium cyanide ne mai karfi tushe - rauni acid gishiri. Maganin sa mai ruwa-ruwa na iya yin crystallize ya samar sodium cyanide hydrates mai dauke da kwayoyin ruwa daya ko biyu kasa da 1.34 °C. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce 34.7 ° C, yana rasa ruwan kristal kuma ya zama gishiri mai anhydrous. Yana amsawa da sauri tare da acid, har ma da raunin acid. Karfe irin su baƙin ƙarfe, zinc, nickel, jan karfe, cobalt, azurfa, da cadmium na iya narke a cikin mafitacin sodium cyanide, wanda ke haifar da samuwar daidai. cyanides. A gaban iskar oxygen, yana iya narkar da karafa masu daraja kamar zinariya da azurfa don samar da gishiri mai rikitarwa. Ba ya dace da acid kuma yana iya amsawa da carbon dioxide. A cikin iska mai danshi ko ruwa, yana iya rubewa. Lokacin zafi a gaban iskar oxygen, yana samar da iskar gas mai guba kamar hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, da nitrogen oxides. Yana maida martani da ƙarfi tare da nitrates, nitrites, da chlorates, yana haifar da haɗarin fashewa.

Aikace-aikace na sodium Cyanide

Masana'antar Haraji

a cikin Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, musamman wajen fitar da karafa masu daraja kamar zinari da azurfa, sodium cyanide na da matukar muhimmanci. Tsarin cyanidation, wanda ya haɗa da yin amfani da maganin sodium cyanide don narkar da zinari da azurfa daga ma'adinai, an karɓe shi sosai saboda sauƙi da ƙananan farashi. Ga kowane kilogiram na zinariya da aka samar, ana iya buƙatar kusan tan huɗu zuwa biyar na sodium cyanide. Bukatar sodium cyanide a cikin wannan filin yana da alaƙa da hauhawar farashin karafa masu daraja a kasuwannin duniya. Yayin da tattalin arzikin duniya ke farfadowa kuma farashin karafa masu daraja ya tashi, karuwar ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na haifar da karuwar bukatar sodium cyanide.

Hannun sunadarai

1.Maganin Magunguna

Sodium cyanide yana aiki a matsayin muhimmin albarkatun ƙasa a cikin haɗin magunguna. Ana amfani da shi wajen samar da magunguna na yau da kullun da abubuwan abinci kamar su penicillin, bitamin B6. folic acid, guanine, dan caffeine. A cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, rawar da take takawa wajen samar da takamaiman sifofin sinadarai a cikin kwayoyin kwayoyi ba makawa ne, yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaba da samar da magunguna masu magance cututtuka daban-daban.

2.Samar da magungunan kashe qwari

A cikin masana'antar magungunan kashe qwari, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don kera magungunan kashe qwari na yau da kullun kamar glyphosate, fenvalerate, paraquat, atrazine, da isoprothiolane. Wadannan magungunan kashe qwari suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare amfanin gona daga kwari da ciyawa, tabbatar da wadatar abinci. Hanyoyin roba da suka haɗa da sodium cyanide suna ba da damar ƙirƙirar mahaɗan magungunan kashe qwari tare da takamaiman abubuwan sinadarai.

3.Synthesis of Other Chemical Compounds

Yana da mahimmancin ginin ginin don samar da nau'i mai yawa na inorganic da kwayoyin halitta Cyanides. Ta hanyar amfani da sodium cyanide kai tsaye, ana iya samar da mahimman cyanide na inorganic kamar sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, da potassium thiocyanate. A cikin daular cyanides na kwayoyin halitta, mahadi kamar cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, benzyl cyanide, da cyanuric chloride an haɗa su. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar samar da hydrogen cyanide daga sodium cyanide, samfurori irin su methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid, da glycolonitrile za a iya kara yin su. Ana amfani da waɗannan mahadi a ko'ina wajen samar da kayan haɗin gwiwa, ciki har da robobi, roba, da zaruruwa.

Masana'antu Electroplating

A cikin electroplating, sodium cyanide wani mahimmin sashi ne a cikin electroplating baho don karafa kamar jan karfe, azurfa, cadmium, da zinc. Zai iya rage tasirin polarization na anodic, yana tabbatar da rushewar anode na al'ada. A lokaci guda, yana iya haɓaka tasirin polarization na cathodic, yana taimakawa don samun suturar ƙarfe na yau da kullun akan farfajiyar aikin. Wannan ba kawai yana inganta juriya na lalata sassan ƙarfe ba amma kuma yana haɓaka kamanninsu, yana sa samfuran lantarki su zama masu daɗi da dorewa.

Samar da Sodium Cyanide

Samar da sodium cyanide wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa. Hanya ɗaya ta gama gari ita ce tsarin Andrussow, wanda ya haɗa da amsawar methane, ammonia, da iskar oxygen a kan platinum - rhodium catalyst a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Wata hanyar ita ce tsarin Castner, wanda ke amfani da amsawar sodium amide tare da carbon a cikin tanderun lantarki. Koyaya, saboda yawan guba da yuwuwar haɗarin muhalli na sodium cyanide, samar da shi yana da ƙayyadaddun tsari daga sassan gwamnati masu dacewa a duniya. Masu kera suna buƙatar cika ƙaƙƙarfan aminci da ka'idojin kare muhalli don tabbatar da samar da wannan sinadari mai aminci da dorewa.

Tsaro da Kula da Sodium Cyanide

Abin guba

Sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai. Ko da ƙaramin adadin, kamar 100 - 200 MG, zai iya zama mai mutuwa idan an sha, sha, ko sha ta cikin fata. Da zarar ya shiga jikin mutum, sai ya saki ion cyanide (CN-), wanda ke da alaka mai karfi ga ion iron a cikin sel. Wannan yana rushe tsarin iskar oxygen na al'ada a cikin sel, yana haifar da asphyxiation cell da hypoxia nama, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa. Mummunan bayyanar cututtuka na iya haifar da alamu kamar rauni, tashin hankali, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, maƙarƙashiyar ƙirji, wahalar numfashi, bugun bugun zuciya, da kuma asarar hayyacinsu.

Tsarin Tsaro

1.Sanarwa

Sodium cyanide ya kamata a adana shi a cikin sanyi, bushe, wuri mai kyau - iska, nesa da tushen zafi, ƙonewa, da acid. Ya kamata a adana shi a cikin kwantena masu kulle-kulle da aka yi da kayan da suka dace don hana yaɗuwa da amsawa tare da muhalli. Ya kamata a samar da wuraren ajiya tare da ɗigogi - tsarin tattarawa da alamun gargaɗi don hana fallasa haɗari.

2.Tafi

A lokacin sufuri, sodium cyanide dole ne ya bi ka'idoji masu tsauri. Ana buƙatar motocin sufuri na musamman tare da fasalulluka na aminci masu dacewa. Dole ne a kula da tsarin sufuri a hankali don hana duk wani yuwuwar zubewa ko haɗari. Shirye-shiryen mayar da martani na gaggawa da kayan aiki yakamata su kasance a cikin yanayin yanayin da ba a zata ba.

3.Handling a cikin Saitunan Masana'antu

Ma'aikatan da ke sarrafa sodium cyanide a cikin masana'antu dole ne su sami cikakken horo na aminci. Ya kamata su sa kayan kariya da suka dace, gami da na'urar numfashi, tufafin kariya, safar hannu, da tabarau. Ayyukan a cikin shuka yakamata su bi tsauraran matakan aiki don rage haɗarin fallasa. Idan ya zube ko zubewa, yakamata a ɗauki matakan gaggawa na gaggawa, kamar yin amfani da hydrogen peroxide don kawar da cyanide sodium.

Tasirin Muhalli

Zubar da rashin dacewa na sodium cyanide ko kayan sharar sa na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako na muhalli. Cyanide - wanda ke dauke da sharar gida da sharar gida na iya gurɓata ƙasa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, tare da yin barazana ga rayuwar tsirrai, dabbobi, da halittun ruwa. A cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, alal misali, ana samar da babban adadin cyanide - dauke da wutsiya a kowace shekara. Waɗannan wutsiyoyi, idan ba a sarrafa su yadda ya kamata ba, na iya haifar da haɗarin muhalli na dogon lokaci. Don haka, tsauraran matakan kare muhalli da fasahohin maganin sharar gida suna da mahimmanci don rage tasirin muhalli na ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da sodium cyanide.

Kammalawa

Sodium cyanide, duk da yawan gubarsa, wani sinadari ne mai mahimmanci a masana'antu daban-daban. Abubuwan sinadarai na musamman suna ba shi damar taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitar da ƙarfe mai daraja, Haɗin sunadarai, da kuma electroplating. Koyaya, saboda yuwuwar haɗarinsa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli, dole ne a kiyaye ƙa'idodin aminci da ingantattun hanyoyin kulawa a duk lokacin samarwa, sufuri, ajiya, da amfani. Yayin da fasahar ke ci gaba, ya kamata kuma a yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙarin abokantaka na muhalli da aminci ko ingantattun matakai don rage dogaro da haɗarin da ke tattare da sodium cyanide yayin da har yanzu ke biyan bukatun ci gaban masana'antu.