Tasirin Haɗin Ma'adanai akan Tsarin Leaching na Cyanide

Gabatarwa

Tsarin cire zinare (Cyanide leaching) tsari ne da ake amfani da shi sosai wajen fitar da zinare da azurfa daga ma'adinai. Duk da haka, kasancewar ma'adanai daban-daban a cikin ma'adinan na iya yin tasiri sosai ga inganci da ingancin wannan tsari. Fahimtar waɗannan tasirin yana da mahimmanci don inganta ayyukan cire zinare na cyanide da inganta dawo da karafa masu mahimmanci.

Ma'adinan ƙarfe

Pyrite

Pyrite wani sinadari ne na ƙarfe da sulfide da ake samu a cikin ma'adanai masu ɗauke da zinare. A lokacin fitar da cyanide, lokacin da pyrite yake cikin ɓawon burodi, ana iya haɗa shi da oxidizing don samar da ferrous sulfate. Wannan ferrous sulfate yana amsawa da cyanide don ƙirƙirar ferrocyanate. Wannan amsawar tana cinye babban adadin Sodium Cyanide , wanda shine babban abin da ke haifar da fitar da zinare. Bugu da ƙari, tare da aikin lemun tsami da iska, pyrite kuma yana iya canzawa zuwa sulfide mai narkewa, colloidal sulfur, ko thiosulfate. Wannan tsari na canzawa yana amfani da iskar oxygen, wanda yake da mahimmanci don narkewar zinare a cikin tsarin fitar da cyanide. Gabaɗaya, wannan yana da mummunan tasiri akan ingancin fitar da zinare.

Pyrrhotite

Pyrrhotite wani ƙarfe ne - sulfide ma'adinai wanda ke shafar leaching cyanide. Yana sauƙin amsawa tare da cyanide don samar da thiocyanate. Bugu da ƙari, ferrous sulfate da aka samo daga oxidation kuma yana amsawa da cyanide don samar da ferrocyanate. Bincike ya nuna cewa pyrrhotite na iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin zinariya - yawan rushewa, alal misali, rage shi da 28.1% a wasu lokuta. Har ila yau yana haifar da karuwa mai yawa a yawan amfani da cyanide, sau da yawa yana rubanya shi.

Ma'adinan Copper

Chalcopyrite da Chalcocite

Ma'adanai na jan karfe irin su chalcopyrite da chalcocite suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan leaching cyanide. Maganin Cyanide na iya narkar da ma'adanai na jan karfe, amma yawan rushewar ya bambanta. Chalcopyrite yana da kwanciyar hankali a tsakanin ma'adinan sulfide na jan karfe, yayin da chalcocite ya fi maida hankali. A cikin maganin cyanide, jan ƙarfe a cikin waɗannan ma'adanai, yawanci a cikin yanayin divalent, ba shi da kwanciyar hankali. Divalent jan karfe oxidizes cyanide, canzawa zuwa monovalent jan karfe da kuma kafa hadaddun tare da cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Don chalcocite, yana iya haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin gwal - ƙimar rushewa, har zuwa 36.81% a wasu gwaje-gwajen, da haɓakar ninki goma na cin cyanide.

Malachite (Ma'adinan Copper Oxide)

Malachite ne na kowa jan karfe - oxide ma'adinai. Yana narkar da sauƙi a cikin maganin sodium - cyanide, wanda ke haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin amfani da cyanide. Halin da ke tsakanin malachite da cyanide yana amfani da adadi mai yawa na ion cyanide. A sakamakon haka, duka biyun jan karfe sulfide da jan karfe oxide ma'adanai na iya samun gagarumin mummunan tasiri a kan cyanide - zinariya - hakar tsari.

Arsenic Minerals

Realgar da Orpiment

Realgar da kayan ado suna da illa sosai ga leaching cyanide. A cikin maganin alkaline mai ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da shi don nutsewar cyanide, suna samar da mahadi irin su thioarsenite. Thioarsenite zai iya amsawa tare da iskar oxygen a cikin maganin don samar da arsenite, yana cinye babban adadin oxygen a cikin slurry na ma'adinai. Har ila yau, lokacin da ma'adinan arsenic ya zama oxidized a cikin maganin, fim din da aka yi da mahadi na arsenic yana samuwa a saman sassan gwal. Wannan fim ɗin yana dakatar da zinare kai tsaye daga haɗuwa da cyanide, yana yin tasiri sosai ga rushewar zinariya. Nazarin ya nuna cewa realgar da orpiment na iya rage girman gwal - 41.95% da 49.90% bi da bi, da kuma ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide da sau 13.8 da sau 15.0.

Arsenopyrite

Arsenopyrite shine arsenic na kowa - dauke da ma'adinai. Ba kamar realgar da orpiment ba, arsenopyrite yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin tsarin cyanide. Ko da yake yana dauke da sinadarin arsenic, a karkashin yanayi na leaching na al'ada, ba ya wargajewa cikin sauki don haka yana da dan karamin tasiri a kan leken asirin cyanide idan aka kwatanta da sauran ma'adanai masu dauke da arsenic.

Gubar Ma'adanai

Galena da Jagoran Jagora

Galena da alum dalma sune babban gubar - mai ɗauke da ma'adanai a ma'adinan zinari. Galena za a iya oxidized zuwa gubar alum. A cikin wani bayani mai karfi - alkaline, alum alum zai iya samar da gubar alkaline - gishiri acid, wanda ke amsawa tare da cyanide a cikin bayani don samar da karfi mai karfi - alkaline cyanide. Ƙananan ma'adinan gubar na iya taimakawa a haƙiƙanin leaching cyanide na ma'adinan zinariya. Koyaya, babban adadin ma'adinan gubar zai shafi gwal - ingancin leaching ta hanyar cinye cyanide da yuwuwar haifar da hazo wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da tsarin leaching.

Antimony - Ya ƙunshi Ma'adanai

Stibnite

Stibnite shine babban maganin antimony - yana dauke da ma'adinan sulfide. A cikin tsarin leaching na cyanide, mummunan tasirin sa yana kama da na orpiment. Yana sauƙaƙa narkar da a cikin wani ƙarfi - alkaline bayani don samar da thioantimonite, wanda aka kara oxidized zuwa cikin antimonite. Bugu da ƙari, barbashi na stibnite colloidal da aka caje mara kyau a cikin alkaline - cyanide mafita na iya mannewa saman gwal ɗin gwal, a zahiri yana hana zinare narkar da shi.

Abubuwan Carbon

Ma'adinan zinare na iya ƙunsar abubuwan Carbon , gami da carbon mara tsari da carbon na halitta kamar humic acid. Lokacin da waɗannan abubuwan carbon suke, suna iya shanye zinaren da aka narkar a cikin maganin cyanide. Wannan yana rage yawan zubar zinare a cikin maganin, wani abu da aka sani da "fashi da zinare." Abubuwan carbon suna fafatawa da tsarin haƙo zinaren da aka narkar, wanda ke haifar da asarar dawo da zinare.

Dabarun Rage Tasirin Ma'adanai masu alaƙa

Pretreatment na Ores

• Maganin Oxidation Kafin Amfani da Shi : Ga ma'adanai masu ƙarfe - sulfide, arsenic, ko antimony, maganin oxidation kafin amfani da shi na iya zama mai tasiri. Oxidation yana lalata waɗannan ma'adanai, yana 'yantar da zinaren da aka rufe kuma yana rage tasirinsu ga leaching na cyanide. Hanyoyin oxidation na yau da kullun - hanyoyin kafin amfani da shi sun haɗa da gasawa, oxidation na matsin lamba, da kuma oxidation na bio.

• Tagulla - Kafin a yi amfani da tagulla : Idan akwai ma'adanai masu yawan jan ƙarfe, ana iya yin amfani da tagulla kafin a yi amfani da tagulla. Ta hanyar cire jan ƙarfe kafin a yi amfani da tagulla, ana iya rage yawan cyanide da ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe ke sha, don haka inganta ingancin tagullar cyanide ta zinare.

Ingantaccen Cyanide - Yanayin Leaching

• Daidaita Yawan Maganin Reagent : Dangane da nau'in da adadin ma'adanai da ke da alaƙa, ana iya daidaita adadin cyanide da sauran abubuwan da ke da alaƙa. Misali, idan akwai ma'adanai da yawa na jan ƙarfe, ƙara yawan cyanide kaɗan yayin da ake sarrafa ƙimar pH na iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa zinare yana narkewa yadda ya kamata.

• Sarrafa Yanayin Bututun Kwakwa : Sarrafa yawan bututun kwakwa, zafin jiki, da saurin juyawa suma suna da mahimmanci. Daidaitaccen yawan bututun kwakwa yana tabbatar da cewa cyanide da iskar oxygen na iya yaɗuwa yadda ya kamata a cikin bututun kwakwa. Ajiye yanayin zafi mai dacewa (yawanci 15 - 30 °C) yana daidaita saurin da zinare ke narkewa da kuma daidaiton ruwan cyanide.

Amfani da Additives

• Ƙarin Abinci Don Hana Haɗarin Ma'adanai : Ana iya amfani da ƙarin sinadarai kamar gishirin gubar don hana wasu ma'adanai masu cutarwa amsawa. Misali, ƙara sinadarin gubar acetate na iya amsawa da ions na sulfide daga rugujewar sulfur - wanda ke ɗauke da ma'adanai, yana samar da gubar da ba ta narkewa - da suka haifar da sulfide. Wannan yana rage adadin cyanide da iskar oxygen da ma'adanai masu ɗauke da sulfur ke cinyewa.

• Masu Shafawa Masu Kyau : Idan aka yi amfani da ma'adanai masu ɗauke da sinadarin carbon, ƙara masu shafawa masu kyau kamar Carbon da aka kunna yayin cire sinadarin cyanide zai iya rage tasirin "satar zinare". Carbon da aka kunna yana yin gogayya da carbon da ke cikin ma'adinan don narkar da zinare, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan zubar da zinare.

Kammalawa

Ma'adanai masu alaƙa a cikin ma'adinan zinariya da azurfa suna da tasiri daban-daban kuma suna da tasiri akan tsarin leaching na cyanide. Iron, jan karfe, arsenic, gubar, antimony - mai ɗauke da ma'adanai, da abubuwan carbon duk suna iya yin tasiri ga aikin leaching ta hanyar cinye reagents, hana zinare tuntuɓar cyanide, ko ɗaukar narkar da gwal. Duk da haka, ta hanyoyin da suka dace na pretreatment, inganta yanayin leaching, da kuma amfani da additives, waɗannan mummunan tasirin za a iya ragewa. Wannan yana ba da damar mafi kyawun hakar zinare da azurfa daga hadaddun ma'adinai mai ma'adinai, haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai.