Sabuwar Fasaha don Haɓakar Zinariya: Oxidation Matsi - Tsarin Cyanidation

1. Gabatarwa

Zinariya ta kasance tana da daraja sosai a fagage daban-daban, tun daga kera kayan adon zuwa kayan lantarki da kudi. Ciro zinare daga ma'adinan sa cikin inganci da tattalin arziki wani muhimmin al'amari ne na masana'antar hakar gwal. Na gargajiya Cyanidation tsari, wanda ke amfani da shi cyanide a matsayin wakili na leaching don narkar da zinariya daga ma'adinai, an yi amfani da shi sosai saboda yawan leaching da kuma zaɓi mai kyau. Duk da haka, yana da iyakancewa, musamman lokacin da ake hulɗa da shi Takardun zinare masu jujjuyawa. Ma'adinan zinare masu jujjuyawa sune waɗanda zinare galibi ana danganta su da ma'adinan sulfide, kuma hanyar cyanidation na gargajiya ba za ta iya fitar da zinari da kyau daga cikinsu ba. Wannan ya haifar da ci gaba da sababbin fasahohi, daga cikin abin da matsa lamba oxidation - cyanidation tsari ya fito fili.

2. Ka'idar Oxidation Matsi - Tsarin Cyanidation

2.1 Matsakaicin Oxidation

Mataki na farko na wannan sabon tsari shine matsa lamba oxidation. A cikin ma'adinan zinare masu jujjuyawa, zinari galibi ana lullube shi a cikin ma'adinan sulfide kamar pyrite da arsenopyrite. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, cyanide ba zai iya samun damar yin amfani da gwal yadda ya kamata ba. Ana aiwatar da iskar oxygen mai ƙarfi a cikin autoclave a yanayin zafi mai girma (yawanci 120 - 220 ° C) da matsin lamba (halaye da yawa). A cikin wannan yanayi mai girma - zafin jiki da yanayin matsa lamba, ma'adinan sulfide suna oxidized. Wannan tsari na oxidation yana rushe ma'adinan sulfide, yana sakin gwal ɗin da aka lulluɓe kuma ya sa ya fi dacewa don matakin cyanidation na gaba.

2.2 Cyanidation

Bayan matsin lamba oxidation, da tama slurry ne hõre ga cyanidation tsari. Cyanide ions suna amsawa tare da zinariya a gaban oxygen. Zinariya ta samar da wani hadadden mai narkewa tare da ions cyanide, wanda za'a iya raba shi da sauran abubuwan da suka rage ta ma'adinai ta hanyoyi irin su m - rabuwar ruwa.

3. Tsarin Tsari

3.1 Shirye-shiryen Ore

Mataki na farko shine shirya ma'adinai. An fara niƙa ɗanyen takin gwal mai jujjuyawa kuma a niƙa shi zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan girman barbashi. Wannan yana ƙara sararin samaniya na ma'adinai, wanda ke da amfani ga duka matakan oxidation da cyanidation. Manufar ita ce a cimma girman barbashi wanda ke ba da damar ingantacciyar halayen sinadarai yayin da har yanzu ana iya sarrafa su a cikin matakan sarrafawa na gaba.

3.2 Matsayin Oxidation Matsi

Ana ciyar da ma'adinan ƙasa mai laushi a cikin autoclave. Ana shigar da Oxygen a cikin autoclave, kuma ana daidaita zafin jiki da matsa lamba zuwa matakan da suka dace. Lokacin zama a cikin autoclave ya bambanta dangane da yanayin ma'adinai amma yawanci sa'o'i da yawa ne. A wannan lokacin, ma'adinan sulfide da ke cikin ma'adinan suna oxidized. Bayan an gama aiwatar da iskar oxygen da matsa lamba, ana fitar da slurry daga autoclave.

3.3 Matsayin Cyanidation

Ana sanyaya slurry tama mai oxidized sannan a tura shi zuwa tankin cyanidation. Maganin cyanide, yawanci sodium Cyanide, an ƙara zuwa tanki. An tayar da slurry don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin maganin cyanide da ƙwayoyin ma'adinai. Zinare a cikin ma'adinan yana amsawa tare da ions cyanide don samar da hadadden mai narkewa. Tsarin cyanidation yawanci yana ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa don kaiwa ga babba Hakar zinare kudi.

3.4 Gold farfadowa da na'ura

Bayan tsarin cyanidation, mataki na gaba shine a dawo da zinare daga maganin cyanide. Hanya ɗaya da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce Carbon - a - ɓangaren litattafan almara (CIP) ko kuma tsarin carbon - a - leach (CIL). Ana ƙara carbon da aka kunna zuwa maganin cyanide, kuma haɗin cyanide na zinare yana shawagi a saman Carbon aikiSannan a raba carbon ɗin da zinare mai ɗauke da sinadarin zinc daga ruwan. Wata hanyar kuma ita ce ruwan zinc, inda ake ƙara garin zinc a cikin ruwan cyanide. Zinc yana fitar da zinare daga cikin hadaddun, yana samar da zinare na ƙarfe, wanda za a iya tacewa kuma a ƙara tacewa.

3.5 Maganin Tailings

Sauran slurry bayan dawo da zinare shine wutsiyoyi. Tun da wutsiya na iya ƙunsar wasu cyanide da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa, magani mai kyau ya zama dole. Yawancin wutsiya ana yin su ne da hanyoyin detoxification don rushe sauran cyanide. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyoyi kamar sinadarai oxidation ko magani na halitta. Bayan detoxification, za a iya zubar da wutsiya cikin aminci.

4. Amfanin Oxidation na Matsi - Tsarin Cyanidation

4.1 Babban Girman Farko na Zinare

Domin refractory zinariya ores, da matsa lamba hadawan abu da iskar shaka - cyanidation tsari na iya cimma gagarumin girma zinariya dawo da rates idan aka kwatanta da gargajiya cyanidation. A wasu lokuta, ƙimar dawo da gwal na iya kaiwa sama da 90%, yayin da cyanidation na al'ada zai iya cimma 30-60% kawai don ma'adinan da ba su da tushe. Wannan shi ne saboda matakan oxidation na matsa lamba yadda ya kamata ya 'yantar da gwal daga ma'adinan sulfide, yana barin cyanide ya yi aiki da shi da kyau.

4.2 Daidaitawa ga Ores daban-daban

Wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan zinare masu jujjuyawa, ko suna ɗauke da manyan ma'adanai na sulfide ko wasu hadaddun abubuwa. Yana ba da sassauci a cikin zaɓin ma'adinai don kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai, saboda ba'a iyakance su kawai don sarrafa su cikin sauƙi ba - ma'adinai da za a iya magance su.

4.3 Farashin - Tasiri a cikin Dogon Gudu

Ko da yake zuba jari na farko a cikin gina wani matsa lamba hadawan abu da iskar shaka shuka - cyanidation shuka ne in mun gwada da high saboda bukatar na musamman kayan aiki kamar autoclaves, a cikin dogon gudu, zai iya zama tsada - tasiri. Babban darajar dawo da zinari yana nufin ƙarin zinariya za a iya samar da ita daga adadin ma'adinai iri ɗaya, ƙara yawan kudaden shiga. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaƙƙarfan tsari yana rage haɗarin hasarar samarwa saboda rashin ingantaccen hakar.

5. Kalubale da Mafita

5.1 Babban Jari Jari

Gina iskar iska mai ƙarfi - shukar cyanidation yana buƙatar babban adadin jarin jari. Autoclaves, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don tsarin iskar oxygenation, suna da tsada don siye da shigarwa. Don magance wannan ƙalubalen, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na iya yin la'akari da haɗin gwiwa - kamfanoni ko zaɓuɓɓukan samun kuɗi na dogon lokaci. Hakanan za su iya gudanar da cikakken nazarin yiwuwar aiki kafin saka hannun jari don tabbatar da ingancin tattalin arzikin aikin.

5.2 Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da aminci

Cyanide abu ne mai guba sosai, kuma duk wani yatsa ko zubar da shi ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da matsalolin muhalli da aminci. A cikin matsin lamba oxidation - tsari na cyanidation, dole ne a kasance cikin matakan tsaro mai tsauri. Wannan ya haɗa da yin amfani da ƙwanƙwasa - kayan aikin shaida, rufaffiyar tsarin madauki don yaduwar maganin cyanide, da kuma kula da matakan cyanide na yau da kullum a cikin yanayi. Don maganin wutsiya, ya kamata a yi amfani da na'urori masu tasowa na zamani don tabbatar da cewa wutsiyar da aka cire ba ta haifar da barazana ga muhalli ba.

5.3 Haɗin Fasaha

Aiki na matsin lamba iskar shaka - tsarin cyanidation yana buƙatar babban matakin ƙwarewar fasaha. Ma'aikata suna buƙatar horarwa sosai a cikin sarrafa autoclave, sarrafa zafin jiki da matsa lamba, da tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙari na reagents a cikin tsarin cyanidation. Kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na iya saka hannun jari a shirye-shiryen horar da ma'aikatansu ko kuma su ɗauki ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Hakanan za su iya kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da cibiyoyin bincike don ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na tsari.

6. Kammalawa

A matsa lamba hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari - cyanidation tsari ne mai gagarumin ci gaba a fagen da zinariya hakar, musamman ga refractory zinariya ores. Yana ba da ƙimar dawo da gwal mai girma, daidaitawa ga ma'adanai daban-daban, da tsadar lokaci mai tsawo - tasiri. Koyaya, kamar kowace fasaha, tana kuma fuskantar ƙalubale kamar babban jarin jari, matsalolin muhalli da aminci, da rikitaccen fasaha. Ta hanyar magance waɗannan ƙalubalen ta hanyar ingantaccen tsari, saka hannun jari a cikin aminci da horarwa, da ci gaba da sabbin fasahohi, tsarin oxidation na matsa lamba na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ci gaba mai dorewa na masana'antar hakar gwal.