Ayyukan Samar da Magance Ruwan Sodium Cyanide tare da Hydrogen Peroxide

Gabatarwa

Sodium cyanide wani sinadari ne mai guba da ake amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu kamar hakar ma'adinai, electroplating, da haɗin sinadarai. Duk da haka, ruwan sharar da ake samu daga wadannan hanyoyin yana kunshe da yawan sinadarin cyanide, wanda ke haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli da lafiyar dan Adam idan ba a kula da su yadda ya kamata ba. Maganin hydrogen peroxide ya fito a matsayin hanya mai inganci da ingantacciyar hanya don mu'amala da ita - sodium cyanide - dauke da ruwan sha. Wannan labarin yana zurfafa cikin aikin samarwa na amfani hydrogen peroxide don kula da irin wannan ruwan sha, yana rufe al'amura daga ka'idodin amsawa zuwa ainihin hanyoyin aiki.

Ka'idojin amsawa

Oxidation na Cyanide ta Hydrogen Peroxide

A dauki tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da kuma sodium Cyanide is an oxidation - raguwa tsari. A cikin wani bayani mai ruwa, hydrogen peroxide yana aiki a matsayin wakili na oxidizing. Yana oxidizes ion cyanide zuwa cikin ƙananan abubuwa masu guba. A ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace, hydrogen peroxide yana karya haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi a cikin ion cyanide. Carbon da ke cikin cyanide yana oxidized zuwa mafi girman yanayin iskar shaka, yana samar da ion maras lahani, kuma ana fitar da nitrogen a matsayin iskar gas. Wannan halayen yana da mahimmanci saboda yana rage yawan guba na ruwan datti.

Matsayin Masu Taimakawa (Na zaɓi)

A wasu lokuta, ana iya ƙara masu haɓakawa don hanzarta amsawa tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide. Misali, wasu ions karfen mika mulki na iya yin aiki a matsayin masu kara kuzari a cikin tsarin dauki kwatankwacin matakin Fenton. Masu haɓakawa suna rage shingen makamashi na amsawa, suna barin oxidation na cyanide ya faru da sauri a ƙananan zafin jiki kuma tare da ƙarancin amfani da hydrogen peroxide. Koyaya, lokacin amfani da abubuwan haɓakawa, abubuwa kamar adadin ƙarar ƙararrawa, sarrafa pH, da yuwuwar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu yana buƙatar yin la'akari da hankali.

Tsari Gudawa a cikin Ayyukan Samfura

Maganin Sharar Ruwa

Kafin yin amfani da hydrogen peroxide, ana bada shawara sodium cyanide - dauke da sharar gida yawanci yana buƙatar pretreatment. Wannan matakin yana nufin daidaita ƙimar pH na ruwan sharar gida zuwa kewayon da ya dace. Yawanci, ana daidaita pH zuwa yanayin ɗan ƙaramin alkaline, kusa da 8 - 10. Wannan saboda Maganin Oxidation tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide ya fi dacewa a cikin yanayin alkaline. Bugu da ƙari, riga-kafi na iya haɗawa da cire manyan ƙazanta masu girma, daskararru da aka dakatar, da sauran abubuwan da za su iya rushe tsarin jiyya na gaba. Ana iya amfani da hanyoyin tacewa kamar tacewa yashi ko matattarar membrane don wannan dalili.

Ƙara hydrogen peroxide

Adadin da ya dace na hydrogen peroxide sannan ana ƙara shi a cikin ruwan da aka riga aka gyara. Adadin adadin hydrogen peroxide an ƙaddara shi ne dangane da tattarawar cyanide a cikin ruwan datti. Gabaɗaya, ana fara yin ƙididdiga bisa ga halayen sinadaran. Amma a ainihin samarwa, ana ƙara yawan adadin hydrogen peroxide sau da yawa don tabbatar da cikakken oxidation na cyanide. Matsakaicin hydrogen peroxide da ake amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen masana'antu yawanci yana cikin kewayon 30% - 50%. Bugu da kari na hydrogen peroxide za a iya samu ta hanyar metering farashinsa, wanda zai iya daidai sarrafa kwarara kudi da adadin hydrogen peroxide shiga cikin. Rashin Tsabtace ruwa tanki.

Amsa da Cakudawa

Bayan ƙara hydrogen peroxide, ruwan sharar gida yana buƙatar haɗuwa sosai don tabbatar da ko da hulɗa tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide. Ana iya samun haɗuwa ta amfani da masu tayar da hankali na inji, iska - masu haɗawa, ko haɗin duka biyun. Lokacin amsawa ya bambanta dangane da dalilai kamar ƙaddamarwar cyanide na farko, zafin jiki, da kasancewar masu haɓakawa. Gabaɗaya, lokacin amsawa zai iya bambanta daga sa'o'i da yawa zuwa awanni dozin. A wannan lokacin, yanayin zafin jiki shima muhimmin abu ne. Ko da yake amsawar na iya faruwa a cikin zafin jiki, ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin wani kewayon (yawanci ba ya wuce 50 ° C) na iya hanzarta saurin amsawa. Duk da haka, yawan zafin jiki na iya haifar da bazuwar hydrogen peroxide, yana rage tasirinsa wajen magance cyanide.

Post - magani

Da zarar amsawar ta cika, bayan - matakan jiyya ya zama dole. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bayanai - matakan jiyya shine cire ragowar hydrogen peroxide. Yawan hydrogen peroxide a cikin ruwan da aka yi da shi na iya zama cutarwa ga muhalli kuma yana iya yin tsangwama tare da hanyoyin jiyya na halittu masu zuwa idan ana son ƙara kula da ruwan datti a cikin tsarin kula da halittu. Saura hydrogen peroxide za a iya bazuwa ta ƙara rage jamiái kamar sodium sulfite ko ta amfani da catalytic bazuwar hanyoyin. Bayan cire ragowar hydrogen peroxide, ruwan dattin da aka kula da shi zai fuskanci tsattsauran rabe-raben ruwa don cire duk wani hazo ko daskararru da aka dakatar da su yayin aikin jiyya. Ana iya amfani da tankuna masu lalata ruwa, na'urorin ruwa, ko sassan tacewa don wannan. A ƙarshe, ana nazarin ruwan sharar da aka yi da shi don bincika ko tattarawar cyanide ya dace da ƙa'idodin fitarwa.

Mabuɗin Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Ingantacciyar Jiyya

pH Darajar

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ƙimar pH na ruwa mai sharar gida yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ingantaccen magani na hydrogen peroxide. A cikin yanayin acidic, hydrogen peroxide na iya rushewa da sauri cikin ruwa da oxygen, yana rage ikonsa na oxidize cyanide. A gefe guda, a cikin yanayin alkaline mai girma, ƙimar amsawa tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide kuma na iya shafar. Mafi kyawun kewayon pH don amsawa tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide yawanci yana kusa da 8 - 10. inda tasirin zai iya ci gaba da kyau kuma an rage raguwar bazuwar hydrogen peroxide.

Zafin jiki

Zazzabi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin saurin amsawa. Ƙara yawan zafin jiki gabaɗaya yana haɓaka halayen da ke tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide. Duk da haka, yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, bazuwar hydrogen peroxide kuma ya zama mafi mahimmanci. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce 50 ° C, bazuwar hydrogen peroxide na iya zama da sauri sosai har ya rage adadin hydrogen peroxide da ake samu don oxidizing cyanide. Sabili da haka, a cikin samarwa mai aiki, ana buƙatar sarrafa zafin jiki a hankali a cikin kewayon da ya dace don daidaita ƙimar amsawa da kwanciyar hankali na hydrogen peroxide.

Matsakaicin Cyanide da Hydrogen Peroxide

Matsayin farko na cyanide a cikin ruwan sharar gida yana ƙayyade adadin hydrogen peroxide da ake buƙata don cikakken iskar shaka. Mafi girman adadin cyanide yana buƙatar ƙarin hydrogen peroxide. Idan adadin hydrogen peroxide bai isa ba, oxidation na cyanide zai zama bai cika ba, wanda zai haifar da ruwan sha wanda bai dace da ka'idoji ba. Sabanin haka, ƙara yawan hydrogen peroxide ba kawai yana ƙara yawan farashin magani ba amma kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin hadaddun post - magani don cire wuce haddi. Sabili da haka, daidaitaccen ƙayyade ƙaddamarwar cyanide a cikin ruwa mai tsabta da kuma daidaita daidaitattun adadin hydrogen peroxide yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen magani.

Nazarin Harka a Masana'antar Ma'adinai

A cikin aikin hakar gwal, ana amfani da babban adadin sodium cyanide a cikin aikin hakar gwal, yana samar da adadi mai yawa na cyanide - dauke da ruwan sha. Ma'adinan sun karɓi tsarin jiyya na tushen hydrogen peroxide. Na farko, an tattara ruwan sharar gida a cikin babban tankin ajiya. An daidaita pH na ruwan sharar gida zuwa 9 ta amfani da lemun tsami. Sa'an nan kuma, 35% hydrogen peroxide an saka shi cikin ruwan datti ta hanyar famfo mai aunawa. An ƙididdige adadin ƙari bisa ga ƙaddamarwar cyanide a cikin ruwan sharar gida, tare da ɗan ƙarami don tabbatar da cikakken iskar oxygen.

An gauraya ruwan datti ta hanyar amfani da injin motsa jiki na tsawon awanni 8. A wannan lokacin, ana kiyaye zafin jiki na tsarin amsawa a kusan 35 ° C ta hanyar sanyaya da tsarin dumama. Bayan amsawa, an ƙara sodium sulfite don lalata ragowar hydrogen peroxide. Daga nan sai a aika da ruwan sharar da aka yi da shi zuwa tanki mai narkewa don rabuwa da ruwa mai ƙarfi. An bincikar mai girma, kuma sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙaddamarwar cyanide a cikin ruwa mai tsabta ya ragu daga ƙimar farko na 500 mg / L zuwa ƙasa da 0.5 mg / L, saduwa da ƙa'idodin fitarwa na gida. Wannan shari'ar tana nuna tasiri na tsarin maganin hydrogen peroxide a cikin yanayin masana'antu na gaske.

Kammalawa

Jiyya na hydrogen peroxide Sodium Cyanide Wastewater hanya ce mai dacewa kuma mai inganci a cikin samar da masana'antu. Ta hanyar fahimtar ka'idodin amsawa, haɓaka kwararar tsari, da sarrafa mahimman abubuwan kamar pH, zafin jiki, da reagent allurai, babban ingancin jiyya na cyanide - mai ɗauke da ruwan sharar gida za'a iya cimma. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ci gaba da saka idanu da daidaitawa yayin aikin samarwa don tabbatar da ingantaccen ingantaccen magani da bin ka'idodin muhalli. Yayin da buƙatun muhalli ke ƙara yin ƙarfi, ana sa ran hanyar jiyya ta hydrogen peroxide don ruwan sharar ruwa na sodium cyanide zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare yanayin muhalli.