Muhimman Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Leaching Cyanidation Zinariya

Zinariya cyanidation leaching, wani tsari na ginshiƙi a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, ya haɗa da narkar da zinariya a cikin ruwa mai ruwa. cyanide bayani don cire ƙarfe mai daraja. Duk da yake yana da tasiri sosai, ingancin wannan hanyar yana ƙarƙashin abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa waɗanda injiniyoyin ma'adinai da masu aiki dole ne su sarrafa sosai. Fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka dawo da gwal da rage ƙimar aiki.

1. Cyanide Concentration

Matsakaicin adadin cyanide a cikin maganin leaching shine farkon abin da ke tabbatar da ingancin hakar gwal. Cyanide ions suna samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da zinare, yana ba da damar rushewa. Gabaɗaya, haɓaka Cyanide maida hankali yana haɓaka ƙimar hakar gwal. Duk da haka, wannan dangantakar ba ta layi ba ce. A ƙananan ƙididdiga, rashin isashen hadaddun yana faruwa, yana haifar da rashin cikar narkar da zinariya. Sabanin haka, yawan matakan cyanide da yawa na iya haifar da haɓakar farashin aiki, haɗarin muhalli saboda yuwuwar ɗigon cyanide, da tsangwama tare da matakan dawo da gwal na gaba.

Yawanci, ana ba da shawarar ƙwayar cyanide na 0.01% - 0.1% don yawancin nau'in zinariya. Don refractory ores tare da hadaddun ma'adinai abun da ke ciki, mafi girma yawa na iya zama dole, amma wannan na bukatar a hankali la'akari don daidaita hakar yadda ya dace tare da muhalli da tattalin arziki abubuwan.

2. Matsayin pH na ɓangaren litattafan almara

Kula da matakin pH mai dacewa a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara na cyanidation yana da mahimmanci don rushewar gwal. Maganin Cyanide suna da mahimmancin pH - m; a low pH dabi'u, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), m kuma mai guba fili, siffofin, rage samuwa free cyanide ions for zinariya kama. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin acidic na iya haifar da rushewar wasu ma'adanai, irin su baƙin ƙarfe da tagulla, wanda zai iya cinye cyanide kuma ya tsoma baki tare da hakar zinariya.

Yanayin alkaline dan kadan, tare da kewayon pH na 10 - 11. shine mafi kyau ga cyanidation na zinari. Ana amfani da lemun tsami a matsayin mai sarrafa pH saboda tasirinsa wajen kiyaye alkalinity, farashi - tasiri, da kuma ikonsa na kashe iskar oxygen da ma'adanai sulfide wanda zai iya yin gasa tare da zinari don cyanide.

3. Oxygen Supply

Oxygen shine maɓalli mai amsawa a cikin aikin cyanidation na zinari, yana sauƙaƙe oxidation na zinari don samar da zinare mai narkewa - rukunin cyanide. Isasshen iskar oxygen yana inganta ƙimar narkar da gwal. Idan babu isassun iskar oxygen, yawan amsawar yana da iyaka sosai, yana haifar da raguwar dawo da gwal.

Hanyoyin tabbatar da isar da iskar oxygen sun haɗa da tashin hankali na iska, allurar iskar oxygen, da kuma amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen. Tashin hankalin iska shine mafi yawan al'ada da farashi - ingantaccen tsarin, amma don haɓakar haɓaka, musamman a cikin manyan ayyuka, ana iya amfani da allurar iskar oxygen mai tsafta. Zaɓin hanyar isar da iskar oxygen ya dogara da abubuwa kamar nau'in tama, ƙarfin shuka, da yuwuwar tattalin arziki.

4. Girman Barbashi Na Gari

Girman barbashi na ma'adinai yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin cyanidation. Karami barbashi masu girma dabam ƙara da surface yankin samuwa ga dauki tsakanin zinariya da cyanide bayani, accelerating da rushe kudi. Duk da haka, wuce kima nika a cimma musamman lafiya barbashi girma dabam jawo mafi girma makamashi halin kaka da zai iya haifar da samuwar slimes, wanda zai iya hana zinariya - cyanide hadaddun samuwar da m m - ruwa rabuwa.

Dole ne a daidaita ma'auni; Gabaɗaya, niƙa ma'adinan zuwa girman inda 80 - 90% na barbashi ke wucewa ta hanyar 74 - μm sieve (200 - raga) ana ɗaukar mafi kyau duka don yawancin ayyukan cyanidation na zinari. Wannan yana tabbatar da isassun filayen fili yayin da ake kiyaye amfani da makamashi da samuwar slime cikin rajistan.

5. Zazzabi

Zazzabi yana rinjayar motsin motsin halayen cyanidation na zinariya. Mafi girman yanayin zafi gabaɗaya yana haɓaka ƙimar amsawa, yayin da suke ba da ƙarin kuzarin motsin rai ga ƙwayoyin masu amsawa, suna haɓaka samuwar zinari - rukunin cyanide. Koyaya, haɓakar yanayin zafi kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar cyanide, yana haifar da asarar cyanide mafi girma da haɗarin aminci.

A aikace, ana aiwatar da cyanidation na zinari a yanayin zafi na yanayi saboda cinikin - kashe tsakanin haɓaka ƙimar amsawa da ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide. Don wasu ma'adanai ko a cikin ayyuka na musamman, ana iya amfani da matsakaicin zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa (har zuwa 40 - 50 ° C) don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayar cyanide a hankali da ka'idojin aminci.

6. Ma'adinan Ma'adinai na Ma'adinai

Kasancewar ma'adanai daban-daban a cikin ma'adinai na iya tasiri sosai ga cyanidation na zinariya. Sulfide ma'adanai, irin su pyrite da arsenopyrite, na iya amsawa tare da cyanide da oxygen, cinye reagents da rage yawan aikin hakar gwal. Wasu ma'adanai na iya samar da mahadi marasa narkewa tare da zinariya ko cyanide, hana samuwar zinariya mai narkewa - cyanide complexes.

Ana iya amfani da matakan jiyya na farko, kamar gasasshen, iskar oxygen, ko bio-oxidation, don rushe ma'adanai masu raɗaɗi da sakin zinare da aka rufe, haɓaka tasirin cyanidation. Fahimtar ƙayyadaddun ma'adinai na ma'adinai yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar hanyoyin da suka dace kafin magani da inganta tsarin cyanidation.

A ƙarshe, Zinariya cyanidation leaching tsari ne mai rikitarwa wanda abubuwa masu alaƙa da yawa ke tasiri. Ta hanyar sarrafa hankali a hankali na cyanide, ɓangaren litattafan almara pH, iskar oxygen, girman ƙwayar ma'adinai, zafin jiki, da magance ƙalubalen ma'adinai na ma'adinai, ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na iya haɓaka dawo da gwal, haɓaka dawo da tattalin arziki, da tabbatar da dorewar muhalli. Ci gaba da bincike da ci gaban fasaha a cikin wannan fanni na nufin ƙara inganta waɗannan matakai da kuma shawo kan iyakokin da ke tattare da hanyoyin cyanidation na zinariya na gargajiya.