Kwatanta Tsakanin Tsakanin Yanayi da Leaching na Matsi a cikin Tsarin Cyanidation na Zinariya

1. Gabatarwa

Cyanidation tsari ne da ake amfani da shi sosai wajen haƙo zinare daga ma'adanai. Daga cikin hanyoyin aiki daban-daban, haƙoran yanayi da haƙoran matsi suna da muhimman hanyoyi guda biyu. Fahimtar bambance-bambancen da ke tsakaninsu yana da mahimmanci don inganta tsarin haƙo zinare, inganta inganci, da rage farashi. Wannan labarin zai gudanar da cikakken kwatancen tsakanin haƙoran yanayi da haƙoran matsi a cikin tsarin haƙoran zinare.

2. Ka'idar Cyanidation Leaching

Yin amfani da sinadarin cyanidation yana dogara ne akan amsawar zinare da cyanide a gaban iskar oxygen. Tsarin sinadaran gabaɗaya shine kamar haka:

4Au + 8CN⁻+ O₂ + 2H₂O → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻+ 4OH⁻

A cikin wannan amsa, zinari yana samar da zinari mai narkewa - ɗakunan cyanide, wanda za'a iya raba su kuma dawo dasu. Ko a cikin yanayi ko matsa lamba, wannan ƙa'idar amsawa ta kasance iri ɗaya. Duk da haka, yanayin amsawa da motsin motsi yana tasiri ta hanyar matsa lamba.

3. Kwatanta Ingantaccen Leaching

3.1 Leaching na yanayi

Leaching na yanayi yawanci yana aiki a yanayin zafi da matsa lamba. Ga wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan zinare masu sauƙi, kamar waɗanda ke da adadi mai yawa na gwal ɗin niƙa kyauta, leaching na yanayi na iya samun sakamako mai kyau. Koyaya, don hadaddun ma'adanai waɗanda ke ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na ma'adanai sulfide ko wasu abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi, ƙarancin leaching na leaching na yanayi galibi yana iyakance. Jinkirin amsawa da rashin cikawa na iya haifar da ƙarancin leaching na gwal. Misali, lokacin da ake mu'amala da ma'adinan zinare da ke dauke da pyrite, sulfur a cikin pyrite na iya amsawa tare da iskar oxygen da cyanide yayin leaching na yanayi, cinye iskar oxygen da cyanide, don haka yana hana rushewar gwal. Gabaɗaya, adadin leaching na zinari a cikin leaching na yanayi yana kusa da 60% - 85% na ma'adinai na gama gari.

3.2 Leaching Leaching

Leaching na matsa lamba, a gefe guda, ana aiwatar da shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin matsa lamba. Ƙara yawan matsa lamba na iya ƙara yawan solubility na iskar oxygen a cikin maganin leaching. A cewar dokar Henry, matsa lamba mafi girma yana haifar da mafi girma na ɓangaren iskar oxygen, wanda hakan yana ƙara yawan narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin maganin. Wannan babban taro narkar da iskar oxygen zai iya hanzarta iskar oxygenation na zinariya da samuwar zinari - cyanide complexes. Don ma'adinan zinare masu jujjuyawa, leaching na matsa lamba na iya rushe tsarin ma'adinan sulfide, yana fallasa karin zinari zuwa maganin leaching. A sakamakon haka, za a iya inganta yawan leaching na zinariya yadda ya kamata. Bincike ya nuna cewa ga wasu nau'o'in zinare masu jujjuyawa, adadin zubin zinare na leaching na iya kaiwa sama da 90%, har zuwa 95% a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi.

4. Kwatanta Yanayin Amsa

4.1 Zazzabi

• Ruwan Sama Mai Tsabta : Yawanci yana aiki a yanayin zafi ko kusa da na yanayi, yawanci kusan 25°C. Tunda yanayin zafi ba ya haifar da tasirin, yawan amfani da makamashi don dumama yana da ƙasa kaɗan. Duk da haka, ƙarancin zafin jiki kuma yana nufin cewa saurin amsawar yana da jinkiri kaɗan.

• Fitar da Matsi : Gabaɗaya yana buƙatar zafi mai yawa. Yawancin lokaci zafin jiki yana tsakanin 80 - 150°C. Zafin da ya fi girma zai iya hanzarta saurin amsawar sinadarai, amma kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin kuzari don dumama tsarin fitar da iska.

4.2 Tattaunawar Cyanide

• Zubar da Iska a Yanayi : Yawan sinadarin cyanide a cikin ruwan zubar da iska yawanci yana tsakanin 0.02% - 0.1%. Ga ma'adanai masu yawan ƙazanta, ana iya buƙatar yawan sinadarin cyanide mai yawa don tabbatar da tasirin zubar da iska, amma wannan zai ƙara farashi da haɗarin muhalli.

• Fitar da Matsi : Saboda ƙaruwar tasirin amsawar da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, yawan sinadarin cyanide da ake buƙata zai iya zama ƙasa kaɗan, gabaɗaya kusan 0.01% - 0.05%. Wannan ba wai kawai yana rage yawan shan cyanide ba ne, har ma yana rage tasirin muhalli da ragowar cyanide ke haifarwa.

5. Kwatanta Bukatun Kayan aiki da Kuɗi

5.1 Abubuwan Bukatun Kayan aiki

• Ruwan Sama Mai Tsabta : Kayan aikin fitar da iska mai tsafta a yanayi abu ne mai sauƙi. Ya ƙunshi tankunan fitar da iska, masu tayar da hankali, da na'urorin fitar da iska. Tankunan fitar da iska ba sa buƙatar jure matsin lamba mai yawa, don haka kayan ƙera su da farashinsu suna da ƙasa kaɗan. Ana amfani da masu tayar da iska don tabbatar da cewa an haɗa ɓangaren ma'adinai, ruwan cyanide, da iskar oxygen daidai gwargwado, kuma buƙatun ƙarfinsu da juriyarsu ga tsatsa ba su da yawa sosai.

• Fitar da Matsi : Fitar da matsi yana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman masu jure matsin lamba, kamar su autoclaves. Fitar da matsi yana buƙatar yin ta da kayan ƙarfe masu ƙarfi don jure matsin lamba mai yawa da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, yana kuma da tsarin sarrafa matsi mai rikitarwa, sarrafa zafin jiki, da tsarin kariya daga haɗari. Tsarin da kera waɗannan kayan aikin sun fi rikitarwa kuma suna buƙatar matakan fasaha mafi girma.

Kudin 5.2

• Ruwan Sama Mai Tsabta : Farashin farko na saka hannun jari ga kayan aikin fitar da iska a sararin samaniya yana da ƙasa kaɗan. Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin ingancin fitar da iska da kuma tsawon lokacin fitar da iska, farashin aiki dangane da aiki, amfani da wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci, da kuma amfani da cyanide na iya zama mai yawa a cikin dogon lokaci.

• Fitar da Matsi : Zuba jarin farko a cikin kayan aikin fitar da matsi ya fi yawa saboda tsadar autoclaves masu jure matsin lamba da tsarin sarrafawa mai rikitarwa. Amma idan aka yi la'akari da ingancin fitar da matsi da kuma ɗan gajeren lokacin fitar da matsi, jimlar kuɗin aiki dangane da ƙarfin samarwa da amfani da albarkatu na iya zama mafi gasa ga sarrafa ma'adinai mai girma da na roba.

6. Tasirin Muhalli

6.1 Rarar Cyanide

• Zubar da Ciki a Yanayi : Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, zubar da ciki a yanayi na iya buƙatar yawan sinadarin cyanide, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarin ragowar cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyin. Cyanide yana da guba sosai, kuma rashin amfani da cyanide - wanda ke ɗauke da wutsiyoyin na iya zama babbar barazana ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam.

• Fitar da Matsi : Idan aka rage yawan shan cyanide, fitar da matsi yana haifar da ƙarancin ragowar cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyin. Wannan yana rage haɗarin muhalli da ke tattare da gurɓatar cyanide zuwa wani mataki.

6.2 Amfani da Makamashi da Fitarwa

• Ruwan Sama Mai Tsabtace Yanayi : Duk da cewa yana da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi don dumama, aikin da aka yi na dogon lokaci don cimma sakamako mai gamsarwa na iya cinye makamashin lantarki mai yawa don motsawa da iska. Dangane da hayaki, idan tsarin iskar ba a sarrafa shi sosai ba, yana iya haifar da sakin wasu iskar gas masu cutarwa da amsawar ke haifarwa.

• Fitar da Matsi : Yawan zafin jiki da matsin lamba na fitar da matsi suna buƙatar isasshen kuzari don dumama da kuma kula da tsarin matsi. Duk da haka, yawan amfani da shi yana nufin cewa ga adadin zinare iri ɗaya, yawan amfani da makamashi a kowace raka'a na zinariya na iya zama daidai ko ma ƙasa da na fitar da iskar gas idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarfin samarwa mafi girma. Dangane da fitar da hayaki, idan tsarin matsi ya rufe sosai, za a iya sarrafa fitar da iskar gas mai cutarwa sosai.

7. Kammalawa

A taƙaice, duka yanayin yanayi da matsa lamba a cikin aikin cyanidation na ma'adanin gwal suna da nasu halaye. Leaching na yanayi ya dace da ma'adinan gwal mai sauƙi tare da ƙananan saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aiki da farko, amma yana da iyakancewa a cikin aikin leaching don hadaddun ƙarfe. Leaching na matsin lamba, akasin haka, yana nuna babban fa'ida a cikin ma'amala da takin zinare masu jujjuyawa, tare da ingantaccen leaching, ƙarancin amfani da cyanide, da ƙarancin tasirin muhalli dangane da ragowar cyanide. Duk da haka, yana buƙatar kayan aiki masu tsada da ƙarin hadaddun aiki da kulawa. Lokacin zabar hanyar leaching, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai suna buƙatar yin la'akari sosai da abubuwa kamar kaddarorin ma'adinai, sikelin samarwa, kasafin kuɗi, da buƙatun muhalli don yanke shawara mafi dacewa.