Samar da Mercury (Hg), Tushen & Bayanin Masana'antu | United Chemical

Gabatarwa

Mercury (Hg) ƙarfe ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci a tarihi amma mai matuƙar haɗari. Sifofinsa na musamman - ruwa a zafin ɗaki, ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa da kuma ƙarfin haɗakar sinadarai - sun haifar da amfani da shi a masana'antu a baya. Ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin muhalli da lafiya da ke tattare da mercury ya haifar da ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Yarjejeniyar Minamata don taƙaita ko kawar da amfani da MERCURY da yawa da kuma ƙarfafa sake amfani da shi da kuma shawo kan gurɓataccen iska.

Wannan labarin labaran kamfanin ta United Chemical yana ba da taƙaitaccen bayanin ƙwararru Mercury maɓuɓɓuka da hanyoyin dawowa, halayen ingancin samfur da kwatancen ta tushe, sarkar darajar masana'antu, tsari da shimfidar wurare na kasuwanci, da yardawar kamfanoni da shawarwarin sarrafa haɗari.

Bayanin Tsaro : Mercury da mahaɗanta suna da guba ga jijiyoyi kuma suna dawwama a muhalli. Duk wani sarrafawa, murmurewa, jigilar kaya ko amfani da shi dole ne ya bi dokokin ƙasa, yarjejeniyoyi na ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙa'idodin kayayyaki masu haɗari.

1. Menene Mercury? (Takaice)

Elemental Mercury (Hg) ƙarfe ne mai yawa na ruwa a yanayin yanayi kuma yana iya yin tururi da watsewa a cikin muhalli. Mercury yana faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa:

• Mercury mai ƙarfi (Hg⁰) - ƙarfe, mai canzawa;

• Gishirin mercury marasa tsari — misali, mercuric chloride (HgCl₂);

• Sinadaran mercury na halitta - kamar methylmercury, wanda ke taruwa a cikin sarkar abinci kuma yana haifar da haɗari mai tsanani ga lafiya.

Mercury da aka saki a cikin iska da ruwa na iya canzawa kuma a tattara su, yana haifar da tasirin muhalli na dogon lokaci da lafiyar ɗan adam.

2. Babban tushe da nau'ikan farfadowa (bayyani mai girma)

Ana samun wadataccen sinadarin mercury a duniya ne galibi daga haƙar ma'adinai na farko (cinnabar/HgS) da kuma magudanan ruwa da aka sake yin amfani da su (samfuran masana'antu da sharar da aka tattara) . Manyan nau'ikan tushen sune:

1. Ma'adinai na farko da narke (cinnabar)

• Bayani : Haƙar ma'adinai da narkewar cinnabar (HgS) na tarihi yana haifar da sinadarin mercury ta hanyar dumama da danshi. Kayan aiki na zamani masu dacewa na iya samar da sinadarin mercury mai tsafta bayan an yi masa magani mai kyau.

• Damuwa : Rashin narkar da ƙananan nama yana haifar da gurɓataccen iska da haɗarin lafiya; ƙasashe da yawa suna iyakance ko hana irin waɗannan ayyukan.

2. Sake dawo da samfuran masana'antu da kuma sake sarrafa su

• Bayani : Ana samun Mercury daga kwararar sharar da aka tattara—fitilun haske, makulli da na'urorin watsawa, na'urorin likitanci, na'urorin lantarki da sharar dakin gwaje-gwaje—sannan a tsaftace su a wurare masu sarrafawa.

• Riba : Sake amfani da shi yana rage nauyin muhalli kuma yana inganta bin diddigin abubuwa da bin ƙa'idodi.

3. Aikin haƙar ma'adinai da ƙananan gwal (ASGM)

• Bayani : A wasu yankuna ASGM tana amfani da sinadarin mercury don samar da amalgams don dawo da zinare.

• Manufofi : Amfani da sinadarin mercury na ASGM babban abin da ake sa ran cimmawa ne a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Minamata da shirye-shiryen ƙasa da ke haɓaka wasu hanyoyin.

4. Hannun jari na tarihi da rushewar kayan aiki

• Bayani : Rushe tsoffin kayan aiki da zubar da tsoffin kayayyakin suma suna samar da sinadarin mercury da za a iya dawo da shi, amma inganci da gurɓataccen bayanin suna da bambanci sosai kuma suna buƙatar sarrafawa da kyau.

3. Tushen / kwatancen ingancin samfur da ma'auni masu mahimmanci

Ƙungiyoyin saye da yarda ya kamata su ba da fifikon ma'auni masu zuwa a cikin Takaddun Takaddun Bincike (COA):

• Yawan Hg / tsarkin abubuwa (%) ;

• Rassan mercury na halitta (methylmercury) ;

• Sigogi na aminci masu alaƙa da canjin yanayi da matsin lamba na tururi ;

• ƙazanta marasa tsari (As, Pb, S mahadi, barbashi) ;

• Danshi da gurɓatattun abubuwa na injiniya ;

• Siffa da marufi (Hg na ruwa mai gina jiki, gishiri, gami; ƙayyadaddun kayan kwantena).

Kwatanta babban mataki ta hanyar tushe :

• Babban hakar ma'adinai (masana'antun da suka bi ka'ida) : Ana iya samun cikakken tsarki idan ana kula da hayaki da kuma sarrafa sharar gida; bin ƙa'idodi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.

• Sake yin amfani da ma'adinai mai tsari : Tare da gyaran zamani, mercury da aka sake yin amfani da shi zai iya cika ƙa'idodi masu tsabta kuma an fi so saboda dalilai na muhalli.

• Tushen tarihi/narkewa : Inganci mai canzawa; sau da yawa yana buƙatar ƙarin tsarkakewa.

• Tushen ASGM : Gurɓataccen abu ne kuma ba a yarda da shi ba ga hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na halal.

4. Sarkar darajar masana'antu (na sama - tsakiya - ƙasa)

Upstream - tushen & kayan aiki

• Majiyoyi : ma'adanai na cinnabar, sharar masana'antu (fitilun, makulli, na'urorin likitanci), kayan tarihi.

• Kayan aiki & ayyuka : tsarin danshi/kamawa a rufe, na'urorin sha/sha, kayan tacewa, dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu takardar shaida, marufi da kayan haɗari.

Midstream - tacewa, gwaji & kasuwanci

• Ayyuka : tacewa/ tacewa, gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje (COA/MSDS), marufi da lakabi, bin ƙa'idodin fitarwa da dabaru.

• Muhimman abubuwa : izini, kula da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, kula da lafiyar ma'aikata da kuma bin ka'idojin sufuri.

Ƙarƙashin ƙasa - aikace-aikace & yanayin sauyawa

• Aikace-aikace : kayan aiki masu inganci, wasu sinadarai masu kara kuzari, bincike; a tarihi a cikin hasken wuta da maɓallan wuta (yanzu an maye gurbinsu sosai).

• Yanayi : saurin amfani da fasahar da ba ta da mercury (LEDs, maɓallan yanayin solid-state, madadin abubuwan kara kuzari) da kuma rage amfani da su ta hanyar dokoki.

5. Tsarin tsari & yanayin ciniki (bayani)

• Yarjejeniyar Minamata : babban tsarin shari'a na duniya wanda ke buƙatar matakan ragewa da kuma kawar da fitar da sinadarin mercury, ƙarfafa sake amfani da shi da kuma sarrafa hannun jari.

• Yanayin kasuwa : raguwar buƙatar sinadarin mercury na farko tare da ƙaruwar dogaro da hanyoyin da aka sake yin amfani da su, waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodi; cinikin mercury ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da kuma ASGM na yau da kullun sun kasance manyan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci ga aiwatar da su.

• Gargaɗin ciniki : dole ne fitar da kaya zuwa ƙasashen da aka nufa, ƙa'idodin sufuri na kaya masu haɗari (IATA/IMDG), da kuma gano asalinsu.

6. Hadarin masana'antu, abubuwan da suka dace & shawarwari

1. Bin ƙa'idodi : kiyaye cikakken daidaito da Yarjejeniyar Minamata da ƙa'idodin gida—wanda aka rubuta don gano tushen mercury da wuraren da za a je.

2. Inganta sake amfani da makamashi : zuba jari a cikin tattarawa da kuma inganta kayayyakin more rayuwa don samar da sinadarin mercury da aka sake amfani da shi.

3. Kare lafiya da muhalli : aiwatar da sa ido kan ayyukan yi, rigakafin zubar da ruwa, mayar da martani ga gaggawa da kuma shiga cikin al'umma.

4. Taimakon maye gurbin : yin aiki tare da abokan ciniki don amfani da fasahar da ba ta da mercury da kuma bayar da tallafin cirewa/dawo da kadarori.

5. Kula da inganci da bin diddigi : samar da COA/MSDS tare da kowane jigilar kaya da kuma tabbatar da bin diddigi a cikin rukuni.

6. Canja wurin haɗari : aiwatar da inshorar alhakin muhalli da inshorar sufuri mai dacewa.

Ƙarshe - United Chemical' alkawari

United Chemical ya himmatu wajen yin aiki da alhakin, mai yarda da mahalli tare da kayan da ke da alaƙa da mercury. Abubuwan da muka ba da fifiko sun haɗa da:

• ba da fifikon sake yin amfani da su da kuma rage dogaro kan hakar farko;

• kiyaye ingantaccen iko mai inganci, takardu da ganowa;

• samar da abokan ciniki tare da takaddun yarda, shawarwarin fasaha da horarwa mai aminci;

• haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba da hanyoyin da rage haɗarin mercury a cikin masana'antu na ƙasa.