Matsakaicin ƙaddamarwa yayin amfani da sodium cyanide

Gabatarwa

sodium cyanide (NaCN), wani fili mai guba amma mai mahimmancin masana'antu, ana amfani dashi sosai a sassa daban-daban kamar Zinariya hakar ma'adinai da electroplating. Madaidaicin ikon sarrafa rabonsa yayin aikace-aikacen yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsari da aminci. Wannan labarin ya zurfafa cikin Matsakaicin ƙaddamarwa of Sodium cyanide a cikin yanayi daban-daban na amfani.

Matsakaicin Mahimmanci a Ma'adinan Zinariya

Tsarin Leaching Cyanidation

1.Cikin Ruwan Ruwan Tanki

• A cikin zuga tanki leaching Hanyar ga zinariya hakar, da hankula taro na sodium Cyanide a cikin maganin leaching yana cikin kewayon 0.01% - 0.1% (w / v). Misali, a cikin manyan ma'adinan zinare da yawa, lokacin da ake mu'amala da ma'adinan matsakaiciyar abun ciki na zinare da halayen ma'adinai masu dacewa, sodium cyanide Ana amfani da maida hankali na kusan 0.05% sau da yawa. Wannan taro ya isa ya narkar da zinari ta hanyar samar da zinare mai narkewa - rukunin cyanide ta hanyar sinadarai da suka shafi zinari, sodium cyanide, oxygen, da ruwa.

• Ana buƙatar kulawa da hankali a cikin wannan kewayon. Idan maida hankali ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, za a rage yawan leaching na zinari sosai, wanda zai haifar da tsawon lokacin leaching da rage ƙimar dawo da zinari. A gefe guda, idan maida hankali ya yi yawa, ba kawai yana ƙara farashi ba har ma yana haifar da haɗarin muhalli da aminci.

2.Cikin Jiki

• Leaching heap wata hanya ce ta gama gari a haƙar ma'adinan gwal, musamman ga ma'adanai marasa daraja. Matsakaicin adadin sodium cyanide da ake amfani da shi a cikin leaching ɗin gabaɗaya yana ƙasa da wancan a cikin leaching na tanki, yawanci a cikin kewayon 0.005% - 0.03% (w/v). Tunda tuntuɓar da ke tsakanin ma'adinan tama da maganin leaching a cikin leaching yana da ɗan sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da leaching na tanki, ƙaramin maida hankali ya isa don farawa. Tsarin leaching. Alal misali, a wasu buɗaɗɗen ma'adinan gwal inda ma'adinin tama ke kusa da 1 - 3 g/t, ana iya amfani da ƙwayar sodium cyanide na kusan 0.01%.

• Duk da haka, abubuwan da suka haɗa da ma'aunin ma'adinai, kasancewar wasu ma'adanai waɗanda za su iya cinye cyanide (kamar ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da tagulla), da yanayin yanayi na iya rinjayar mafi kyawun maida hankali. A cikin yankunan da ke da ruwan sama mai yawa, ana iya diluted maganin leaching, yana buƙatar daidaitawa da ya dace na ƙwayar sodium cyanide.

Matsakaicin Hankali a cikin Electroplating

1. A cikin Copper Cyanide Plating

• A cikin baho na jan karfe cyanide electroplating baho, sodium cyanide hidima a matsayin hadadden wakili. Matsakaicin sodium cyanide a cikin irin waɗannan wanka yawanci jeri daga 15 - 60 g/L. Alal misali, a cikin daidaitaccen tsarin lantarki na cyanide na jan karfe don dalilai na ado, ƙwayar sodium cyanide zai iya zama kusan 30 g / L. Wannan maida hankali yana taimakawa wajen samar da tsayayyen jan karfe - rukunin cyanide, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don haɗaɗɗen ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe akan substrate. Copper - cyanide hadaddun dissociates a cathode, kyale jan karfe ions rage da ajiye.

• Idan sodium cyanide maida hankali ne ma low, da kwanciyar hankali na jan karfe - cyanide hadaddun an rage, haifar da m ajiya da kuma matalauta - ingancin coatings. Sabanin haka, idan maida hankali ya yi yawa, zai iya haifar da rikitarwa mai yawa, yana haifar da raguwar raguwa da kuma matsalolin matsalolin da ke tattare da suturar.

2.In Gold Electroplating

• A cikin wutar lantarki na zinariya, ana kuma amfani da sodium cyanide don hadadden ions na zinariya. Matsakaicin sodium cyanide a cikin baho na lantarki na zinari na iya bambanta ko'ina dangane da takamaiman buƙatun tsari. Don siriri-fim zinariya electroplating, sodium cyanide maida hankali na iya zama a cikin kewayon 5 - 20 g/L. A wasu lokuta inda ake buƙatar ajiyar zinari mai kauri, ana iya daidaita maida hankali zuwa sama, amma gabaɗaya baya wuce 50 g/L.

• Matsakaicin sodium cyanide a cikin wutar lantarki na zinari yana rinjayar adadin ajiyar kuɗi, tsabtar ajiyar gwal, da bayyanar farantin da aka yi. Ana buƙatar ma'auni mai dacewa don cimma sakamakon da ake so na lantarki, kamar launi mai haske, santsi, da madaidaicin zinare.

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Matsakaicin Mahimmanci

1. Yanayin Tama ko Substrate

• A cikin hakar gwal, abun da ke tattare da ma'adinan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙayyade ƙwayar sodium cyanide. Ores tare da babban abun ciki na jan karfe, zinc, ko wasu ƙananan ƙarfe na iya cinye cyanide yayin aikin leaching. Misali, jan karfe na iya amsawa tare da cyanide don samar da tagulla-cyanide complexes, don haka rage adadin cyanide kyauta da ake samu don narkar da gwal. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya buƙatar mafi girma matakin farko na sodium cyanide don tabbatar da isasshen cyanide don hakar gwal.

• A cikin electroplating, nau'in substrate kuma yana rinjayar ƙwayar sodium cyanide. Karfe daban-daban suna da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban, kuma wasu nau'ikan na iya buƙatar takamaiman taro na cyanide - wanda ke ɗauke da wanka don cimma kyakkyawan mannewa da ingancin plating. Misali, lokacin da ake sakawa a kan wasu allurai, ana iya buƙatar babban taro na sodium cyanide don haɓaka samuwar tabbataccen alaƙa tsakanin plating Layer da substrate.

2.Tsarin Yanayi

• Zazzabi da pH sune mahimman yanayin tsarin da ke tasiri ga ma'auni mai mahimmanci. A cikin leaching na zinari, ana kiyaye pH kaɗan na alkaline (yawanci kusan 9 - 11) don hana samuwar iskar gas mai guba ta hydrogen cyanide (HCN). pH na iya rinjayar rarrabawar sodium cyanide da kwanciyar hankali na karfe - cyanide complexes. Maɗaukakin yanayin zafi zai iya ƙara yawan amsawa a cikin duka leaching na zinari da lantarki, amma kuma yana iya haifar da ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide. A wasu lokuta, haɓakar yanayin zafi na iya buƙatar raguwa a farkon taro na sodium cyanide don guje wa wuce gona da iri ko kima.

• Kasancewar iskar oxygen kuma yana rinjayar ma'auni mai yawa, musamman a cikin leaching na zinariya. Ana buƙatar iskar oxygen don oxidation na zinari don samar da zinare mai narkewa - rukunin cyanide. Matsakaicin narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin maganin leaching yana buƙatar kasancewa cikin rabo mai dacewa tare da maida hankali na cyanide sodium. Rashin isassun iskar oxygen na iya iyakance yawan leaching, yayin da yawan iskar oxygen zai iya haifar da iskar oxygen zuwa ƙarancin nau'in nau'in nau'in.

La'akarin Tsaro Game da Tattara

1.Hadarin Guba

• Sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai, kuma ko da ƙananan canje-canje a cikin taro na iya samun tasiri mai mahimmanci ga aminci. Matsakaicin adadin sodium cyanide a cikin yanayin aiki yana ƙara haɗarin fallasa ga iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba, wanda za'a iya saki lokacin da sodium cyanide ya amsa tare da acid ko ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin pH. Dole ne ma'aikata su kasance suna sanye da kayan kariya masu dacewa, gami da iskar gas - matsattsun kwat da wando, na'urar numfashi, da safar hannu, lokacin da ake sarrafa mafita tare da kowane abun ciki na sodium cyanide.

• A cikin yanayin zub da jini na bazata ko ɗigo, ƙaddamarwar sodium cyanide a cikin maganin da aka zubar yana ƙayyade girman haɗarin haɗari. Ya kamata a kasance cikin shirye-shiryen mayar da martani na gaggawa, kuma ana buƙatar ɗaukar matakan tsaka-tsaki ko matakan da suka dace nan take. Alal misali, a yayin da aka zubar da babban maganin sodium cyanide mai girma, ana iya buƙatar babban adadin wakili mai tsaka-tsaki (kamar tushe mai karfi don daidaita pH da hana samuwar HCN).

2.Tasirin Muhalli

• Matsakaicin adadin sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa mai datti da aka fitar daga hanyoyin masana'antu an tsara shi sosai. Babban maida hankali sodium cyanide a cikin ruwan datti na iya zama mai cutarwa ga rayuwar ruwa da muhalli. Hanyoyin jiyya masu dacewa, irin su oxidation sunadarai (ta amfani da hanyoyi kamar tsarin chlorination na alkaline) don canza cyanide zuwa ƙananan nau'i mai guba, suna da mahimmanci. Za'a iya shafar ingancin waɗannan hanyoyin maganin ta hanyar ƙaddamarwar farko na sodium cyanide a cikin ruwan datti. Ruwan datti mafi girma na iya buƙatar ƙarin matakan jiyya ko adadin sinadarai masu yawa don saduwa da ƙa'idodin fitar da muhalli.

Kammalawa

Matsakaicin ma'auni na sodium cyanide a cikin aikace-aikacensa, musamman a cikin hakar gwal da lantarki, an ƙaddara a hankali bisa dalilai masu yawa. Waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da yanayin kayan da ake sarrafawa, yanayin tsari, da la'akari da aminci da muhalli. Madaidaicin iko na ƙwayar sodium cyanide yana da mahimmanci don cimma kyakkyawan aiki na tsari, tabbatar da amincin ma'aikaci, da rage tasirin muhalli. Masana'antun da ke amfani da sodium cyanide dole ne su ci gaba da saka idanu da daidaita ma'auni don saduwa da buƙatun matakai daban-daban kuma su bi ka'idodin aminci da muhalli.