Ƙimar Da Aka Aiwatar da Hanya da Tsarin Hanyar Cyanidation Vat Leaching don Ma'adinan Zinariya

1. Gabatarwa

Hanyar cire zinare ta Cyanidation vat muhimmin tsari ne a fannin haƙar zinare don haƙo zinare daga ma'adanai. Wannan hanyar tana da takamaiman iyakokinta da kuma jerin matakan tsari da aka tsara sosai, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haƙo albarkatun zinare cikin inganci.

2. Iyakar Da Aka Aiwatar

2.1 Bukatar Girman Barbashin Ore

Kayayyakin zinari da suka dace da hanyar leaching na vatawa yawanci suna da kyau - yaɗa zinari. Lokacin da barbashi na zinariya a cikin ma'adinan suna da kyau sosai, yana da wuya a raba su ta hanyoyi masu sauƙi na rabuwa na jiki kamar rabuwar nauyi. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya amfani da hanyar leaching na cyanidation vat. Misali, a cikin wasu oxide - nau'in nau'in nau'in gwal, zinari yakan kasance a cikin nau'in hatsi mai kyau, wanda za'a iya magance shi da kyau ta hanyar leaching.

2.2 Bukatun Darajin Ore

Wannan hanya ta dace musamman ga ƙananan - grade ko ultra - low-grade zinariya. Don manyan ma'adanai na zinariya, mafi inganci da ƙarancin lokaci - hanyoyin hakar za a iya fifita. Koyaya, don ƙarancin ma'auni inda abun ciki na zinari a kowace raka'a na ma'adinai ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, hanyar leaching ta har yanzu na iya cimma hakar tattalin arziƙin ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa. Ƙananan farashi na aikin leaching vat ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai dacewa don sarrafa irin wannan ma'adinai.

2.3 Bukatun Lalacewar Ore

Ma'adanai masu ƙarancin shiga cikin ma'adanan suma sun dace da cire ma'adanan. Idan ma'adanan suna da isasshen shiga cikin ma'adanan, maganin cyanide na iya gudana ta cikin ma'adanan da sauri, wanda ke haifar da rashin isasshen lokacin shiga tsakanin cyanide da zinariyar, don haka rage yawan zubar da zinare. Sabanin haka, ga ma'adanai masu ƙarancin shiga cikin ma'adanan, hanyar cire ma'adanan na iya sarrafa yawan kwarara da lokacin hulɗa da maganin cyanide a cikin ma'adanan don tabbatar da ingantaccen sakamako na cire ma'adanan. Misali, ƙarfe oxide - capping - nau'in ma'adanan da ke ɗauke da zinare mai laushi da ma'adanan oxidized - vein - nau'in ma'adanan da ke ɗauke da zinare mai laushi sau da yawa suna da ƙarancin shiga cikin ma'adanan kuma sun dace da cire ma'adanan. Hanyar cire ma'adanan na iya cimma ƙimar dawo da ma'adanan na kashi 70 - 90% ga irin waɗannan ma'adanan.

3. Tsarin Tsari

3.1 Shiri na Leaching Vats

Abubuwan leaching da ake amfani da su a cikin aikin yawanci ana yin su ne da abubuwa kamar itace, ƙarfe, ko siminti. Ƙasar vat ɗin na iya zama lebur ko ɗan karkata, kuma siffar na iya zama madauwari, rectangular, ko murabba'i. A cikin vat ɗin, an shigar da ƙasan ƙarya da aka yi da perforated acid - faranti masu juriya. Ana ɗora zanen tacewa akan ƙasan karya, kuma grid ɗin da aka yi da igiya na katako ko lalata - an rufe filayen ƙarfe mai juriya akan rigar tacewa. Ana amfani da ƙasan ƙarya don tacewa da tallafawa tama. Kafin fara aikin leaching, ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa tururuwa, musamman ma'adinan leaching da matalauta - ruwa, ba za su iya jurewa ba kuma a bushe.

3.2 Maganin Kaya - Crush da Screening

Zinariya da aka haƙa - masu ɗaukar ma'adinan suna buƙatar murkushe su zuwa takamaiman girman barbashi. Da fari dai, ana ciyar da ma'adinan a cikin matakin murkushewa don sauƙin rabuwa. Dangane da girman ɓangarorin ma'adanin da ake buƙata, akwai ƙaƙƙarfan - murkushewa, matsakaita - murkushewa, da lafiya - ayyukan murƙushewa. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da muƙamuƙin muƙamuƙi don m - murkushewa, wanda zai iya rage girman barbashi zuwa kusan 50 - 100mm. Sa'an nan kuma, ana amfani da mazugi na mazugi don matsakaita - murkushewa da lafiya - ayyukan murkushewa, rage girman barbashi zuwa kewayon 5 - 25mm. Bayan murkushe, ana duba ma'adinan ta hanyar allo mai girgiza don tabbatar da girman ɓangarorin iri ɗaya. Ana mayar da ma'adinan da ba su cika buƙatun da ba su cika buƙatun ƙima ba don sake murkushe su, kuma waɗanda suka cancanta - masu girma dabam suna shiga mataki na gaba.

3.3 Tsarin Leaching

1. Ana loda ma'adanai a cikin ma'adanan ruwa : Ana loda ma'adanan da aka niƙa kuma aka tace a cikin ma'adanan ruwa.

2. Shirya Maganin Zubar da Ruwa : A cikin rumbu mai ƙarancin ruwa, ana shirya maganin ruwan alkaline cyanide a matsayin maganin zubar da ruwa. Yawanci ana sarrafa yawan ruwan cyanide a cikin wani takamaiman iyaka, gabaɗaya 0.05% - 0.1%, wanda aka ƙayyade ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje bisa ga takamaiman halayen ma'adinai. Wannan yawan ruwan zai iya tabbatar da ingantaccen cire zinare yayin da yake rage tasirin muhalli.

3. Aikin Zubar da Ruwa : Ana tura maganin zubar da ruwa da aka shirya a cikin akwatin zubar da ruwa. A lokacin zubar da ruwa, maganin zubar da ruwa yana ratsawa a hankali ta cikin layin ma'adinai. Zinare a cikin ma'adinan yana amsawa da cyanide a cikin maganin a ƙarƙashin aikin iskar oxygen (yawanci, ana shigar da iska cikin akwatin). Babban lissafin amsawar sinadarai shine: \(4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH\). A cikin wannan amsawar, zinare yana samar da hadaddun zinare mai narkewa - cyanide kuma yana narkewa cikin maganin. Lokacin zubar da ruwa yana da tsayi, yawanci yana farawa daga kwanaki da yawa zuwa makonni da yawa, ya danganta da abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin ma'adinan, girman barbashi na ma'adinan, da yawan ruwan zubar da ruwa. A lokacin zubar da ruwa, ya zama dole a riƙa gano yawan ruwan zubar da ruwa akai-akai, ƙimar pH na maganin, da kuma adadin zinare a cikin maganin don tabbatar da cewa aikin zubar da ruwa yana gudana a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau.

3.4 Rabuwar Zinariya - Magani Mai Haɗi (Mawadaci - Liquid)

Lokacin da leaching ya kai ga wani lokaci kuma ta hanyar ganowa, lokacin da maida hankali da darajar ruwa ya cika buƙatun, ana fitar da maganin zinari (mai arziki - ruwa) daga ƙasan vat. Mai arziki - ruwa ya ƙunshi narkar da zinari - rukunin cyanide kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa don dawo da zinare.

3.5 Gold farfadowa da na'ura

1. Hanyar Komawa Foda Zinc (Takarda) : Hanya ɗaya da aka saba amfani da ita don dawo da Zinare ita ce hanyar komowa da foda (takarda). Zinc yana da ƙarfin rage ƙarfi fiye da zinariya. Lokacin da aka ƙara foda ko takardar zinc a cikin ruwa mai wadata, ana samun canjin yanayi. Daidaiton amsawar sinadarai shine: \(2Na[Au(CN)_2]+Zn = 2Au+Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]\). Zinare yana komowa daga hadaddun zinare - cyanide ta hanyar zinc kuma yana narkewa a cikin nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi. Bayan komowa, ana tace cakuda mai ƙarfi - ruwa don samun zinariya - mai ɗauke da daskararru, wanda daga nan ake sarrafa shi don narkewa.

2. Hanyar Shafawa Carbon Mai Aiki : Wata hanya kuma ita ce kunna shafawa Carbon . Shafawa Carbon mai aiki yana da babban yanki na musamman da ƙarfin shafawa mai ƙarfi. Ana ratsa ruwa mai arziki ta cikin ginshiƙi cike da Carbon Mai Aiki . Haɗakar cyanide na zinare a cikin maganin ana shafawa su a saman carbon mai aiki. Bayan shafawa, ana raba carbon mai aiki tare da zinare mai shafawa (wanda aka ɗora - carbon) daga maganin. Sannan, ana shafawa carbon mai aiki tare da maganin shafawa. Yawanci, ana amfani da maganin shafawa (kamar cakuda sodium hydroxide da Sodium Cyanide ) don cire zinare daga carbon mai aiki a wani zafin jiki da matsin lamba. Sannan ana haƙa maganin da ke ɗauke da zinare mai shafawa don samun zinare.

3.6 Maganin wutsiya da sharar ruwa

1. Maganin Wutsiya : Bayan an dawo da zinare, sauran wutsiya har yanzu suna ɗauke da wani adadin cyanide da sauran ƙazanta. Domin biyan buƙatun kariyar muhalli, ana buƙatar a yi wa wutsiya magani. Hanya ɗaya da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce a ƙara sinadarai kamar sodium metabisulfite da jan ƙarfe sulfate a wutsiya don ruɓewa da cire cyanide. Bayan an yi magani, ana iya adana wutsiya yadda ya kamata ko kuma a ƙara sarrafa su.

2. Sharar gida - Maganin Ruwa : Ruwan da aka samar a lokacin aikin shima yana dauke da cyanide da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa. Yana buƙatar a magance shi ta hanyar hanyoyin kamar hazo na sinadarai, musayar ion, da kuma maganin halittu don rage yawan abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai masu cutarwa don cika ka'idojin fitarwa na ƙasa kafin a fitar da shi.

4. Kammalawa

Hanyar leaching na cyanidation vat yana da ƙayyadaddun ikon aikin sa a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, musamman don tarar - hatsi, ƙarancin daraja, da ƙananan - iyawar takin gwal. Ta hanyar jerin matakai masu tsauri, wannan hanya za ta iya fitar da gwal daga ma'adanai yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa saboda amfani da cyanide a cikin aikin, dole ne a dauki tsauraran matakan tsaro da kare muhalli don tabbatar da lafiyar ma'aikata da kuma rage tasirin muhalli. Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar hakar ma'adinai, ƙarin haɓakawa da haɓakar wannan tsari ana tsammanin inganta haɓakar haɓakar zinare da rage farashi yayin tabbatar da amincin muhalli.