Cyanides rukuni ne na mahadi masu sinadarai waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyar cyano (-CN). An san su don babban reactivity da yuwuwar guba. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu bincika wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka fi sani da su Cyanides, dukiyoyinsu, da amfaninsu.
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
hydrogen cyanide, wanda kuma aka sani da prussic acid, marar launi ne, ruwa mai saurin canzawa tare da halayyar almond mai ɗaci. Yana da guba sosai kuma yana iya zama m ko da a cikin ƙananan allurai. Ana amfani da HCN a matakai daban-daban na masana'antu, kamar samar da robobi, filaye na roba, da magungunan kashe qwari. Ana kuma amfani da ita wajen hako zinari da azurfa daga karafa.
Sodium Cyanide (NaCN)
Sodium cyanide fari ne, mai kauri mai kauri wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa. Yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani cyanides a masana'antu. Ana amfani da NaCN wajen sarrafa lantarki, tsaftace karfe, da kuma fitar da karafa masu daraja. Ana kuma amfani da ita wajen samar da wasu magunguna da sinadarai.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN)
Potassium cyanide yayi kama da kaddarorin zuwa sodium Cyanide. Fari ne mai kauri mai kauri wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa. Ana kuma amfani da KCN wajen sarrafa lantarki, tsaftace karfe, da kuma fitar da karafa masu daraja. Wani lokaci ana amfani dashi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje azaman reagent.
Cyanogen Chloride (CNCl)
Cyanogen chloride iskar gas ce mara launi mai kamshi. Yana da guba sosai kuma yana iya haifar da matsalolin numfashi mai tsanani. Ana amfani da CNCl wajen samar da wasu sinadarai kuma azaman wakili na yaƙin sinadarai.
Organic Cyanides (Nitriles)
Organic cyanides, wanda kuma aka sani da nitriles, su ne mahadi waɗanda ƙungiyar cyano ke haɗe zuwa carbon atom a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Misalan cyanides na halitta sun haɗa da acetonitrile (CH3CN), propionitrile (CH3CH2CN), da benzonitrile (C6H5CN). Ana amfani da nitriles a cikin aikace-aikace masu yawa, irin su kaushi, masu tsaka-tsaki a cikin kwayoyin halitta, da kuma samar da polymers.
Gishiri na Cyanide
Baya ga sodium da Cyanide na potassium, akwai wasu gishirin cyanide, irin su calcium cyanide (Ca(CN)2), barium cyanide (Ba(CN)2), da ammonium cyanide (NH4CN). Ana kuma amfani da waɗannan gishiri a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu daban-daban.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa cyanides suna da guba sosai kuma suna iya haifar da babbar haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Ya kamata a dauki matakan tsaro daidai lokacin da ake sarrafawa da amfani da cyanides. Idan akwai bayyanar cyanides, ya kamata a nemi kulawar likita nan da nan.
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