Kai tsaye Electrowinning na Zinariya daga Maganin Cyanide

Gabatarwa

Cyanidation ya daɗe shine hanya ta farko don fitar da zinariya daga ma'adinai. Bayan da cyanide leaching tsari, da zinariya ne ba a cikin maganin cyanide, wanda aka sani da maganin magudanar ruwa mai ciki. A al'ada, hanyoyin kamar Carbon An yi amfani da shaƙar iska (kamar tsarin Carbon-in-Column - CIC) da kuma simintin zinc (tsarin Merrill Crowe) don dawo da zinare daga wannan maganin. Duk da haka, amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye daga mafita na cyanide ya fito a matsayin madadin da ke da kyau, yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa dangane da inganci, farashi, da tasirin muhalli.

Ka'idar Kai tsaye Electrowinning

Lantarki kai tsaye tsari ne na sinadaran lantarki. A cikin mahallin hakar gwal daga mafita na cyanide, lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta hanyar maganin cyanide wanda ke dauke da zinariya a cikin nau'i na aurocyanide complexes (Au(CN)_2^-), halayen masu zuwa suna faruwa a wayoyin lantarki:

• A cikin cathode: Au(CN)_2^- + e^- \rightarrow Au + 2CN^-

Zinare ions a cikin hadaddun aurocyanide suna samun electron kuma ana adana su azaman zinari na ƙarfe akan saman cathode.

• A cikin anode: Dangane da yanayin, oxidation na ruwa ko oxidation na wasu nau'in a cikin bayani na iya faruwa. Misali, 2H_2O \ kibiya dama O_2 + 4H^+ + 4e^-

Amfanin Wutar Lantarki Kai tsaye

1. sauki: Idan aka kwatanta da matakai da yawa kamar adsorption na carbon wanda ke biye da elution da lantarki (a cikin yanayin CIC), yin amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye yana rage yawan ayyukan naúrar. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa tafiyar da tsarin gaba ɗaya, yana sauƙaƙa aiki da kulawa.

2. Kudin - tasiri: Tare da ƙananan matakai na tsari, akwai yuwuwar ƙananan jari da farashin aiki. Babu buƙatar saka hannun jari a manyan wuraren sake haɓaka carbon (kamar yadda yake a cikin CIC) ko siyan foda mai yawa na zinc (kamar yadda a cikin tsarin Merrill Crowe).

3. Samfurin Tsabta Mai Girma: Matsayin lantarki kai tsaye na zinari na iya haifar da babban ajiya na zinariya a kan cathode. Wannan na iya rage buƙatun hanyoyin tsaftacewa da yawa a ƙasa, ƙarin ceton farashi.

4. Fa'idodin Muhalli: Ta hanyar kawar da amfani da zinc a cikin tsarin Merrill Crowe, akwai ƙarancin tsararru na zinc - mai dauke da sharar gida. Bugu da ƙari, sauƙaƙan tsari na iya haifar da raguwar yawan amfani da sinadarai da sharar gida.

La'akarin Tsari

1. Magani Tattaunawa: Matsayin zinari a cikin maganin cyanide shine muhimmin mahimmanci. Yayin da za a iya amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye ga mafita tare da ɗimbin adadin zinari, mafi girma yawan yawa gabaɗaya yana haifar da ƙimar ajiya cikin sauri. Koyaya, babban adadin zinari na iya buƙatar ƙira na musamman na lantarki don tabbatar da saka iri ɗaya.

2. Electrode Materials: Zaɓin kayan lantarki yana da mahimmanci. Bakin - karfe ulu sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman kayan cathode don babban yanki mai tsayi, wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka gwal mai inganci. Ga anode, an fi son kayan da ke da juriya ga lalata a cikin maganin cyanide, irin su anodes masu ƙarfi (DSA).

3. pH da Zazzabi: pH na maganin cyanide yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Ana kula da pH mai ɗan ƙaramin alkaline don hana bazuwar cyanide. Zazzabi na maganin kuma na iya rinjayar ƙimar wutar lantarki, tare da yanayin zafi gabaɗaya yana haɓaka ƙimar amsawa amma kuma yana iya ƙara haɗarin bazuwar cyanide.

Tsarin Tsarin

1. Shirye-shiryen Magani: Maganin leach cyanide mai ciki daga tsiron leaching ko wasu matakan cyanidation an fara fara fuskantar riga-kafi. Wannan na iya haɗawa da tacewa don cire daskararrun daskararrun da aka dakatar, saboda waɗannan na iya tsoma baki tare da tsarin sarrafa lantarki da haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa tsakanin wayoyin lantarki.

2. Wutar lantarki: Maganin da aka riga aka yi masa magani ana ciyar da shi a cikin tantanin halitta na lantarki. Tantanin halitta yana sanye da anode da cathode. Yayin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki, zinari ya fara sakawa a kan cathode.

3. Farfadowar Zinariya: Da zarar an ajiye isasshen adadin zinariya a kan cathode, an cire cathode daga tantanin halitta. Za a iya cire zinare daga cathode ko dai ta hanyar injiniya ko sinadarai, dangane da yanayin kayan cathode. Zinare da aka cire daga nan sai a ƙara tacewa don samun zinari mai girma - tsarki.

Kalubale da hangen nesa na gaba

1. Gudanar da Cyanide: Ko da yake kai tsaye wutar lantarki yana ba da fa'ida, amfani da cyanide a cikin tsarin hakar gwal gabaɗaya har yanzu yana haifar da haɗarin muhalli da aminci. Bincike na gaba na iya mayar da hankali kan haɗa wutar lantarki kai tsaye tare da madadin, hanyoyin leaching marasa guba.

2. Amfani da Makamashi: Tsarin wutar lantarki yana buƙatar adadi mai yawa na makamashin lantarki. Haɓaka ƙarin kuzari - ingantaccen kayan lantarki da ƙirar tantanin halitta yanki ne na bincike mai aiki.

3. scalabilityKamar yadda yake tare da kowace fasaha mai tasowa, haɓaka wutar lantarki kai tsaye daga dakin gwaje-gwaje - sikelin zuwa masana'antu - ayyukan sikelin yana buƙatar ingantawa a hankali don tabbatar da daidaiton aiki da farashi - tasiri.

Lantarki kai tsaye na zinare daga mafitacin cyanide yana wakiltar babban ci gaban fasaha a masana'antar hakar gwal. Tare da ƙarin bincike da haɓaka don magance ƙalubalen da ke akwai, yana da yuwuwar zama babbar hanya don dawo da zinariya a nan gaba.