20 Mafi Muhimmancin Reagents a cikin Tsarin Ma'adinai

Sarrafa ma'adinai ya ƙunshi hanyoyi guda uku: wankewa, niƙawa, da kuma beneficiation. A lokacin da ake tattara ƙarfe masu daraja daga ƙananan matakai, dole ne a ƙara ma'adanai masu yawa zuwa manyan abubuwan da suka haɗa da tarawa, nau'ikan masu tattarawa, masu ƙura, masu hana ruwa, da flocculants. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwa masu guba ne kuma masu cutarwa, kamar su cyanides , arsenides, chromates, alkyl xanthates daban-daban, phenols da aka maye gurbinsu, anilines, pyridines, hydro Carbon s, alkenes, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, da sauransu. Waɗannan abubuwa na iya shiga muhalli ta hanyar fitar da ruwan sharar ma'adinai ko ta cikin tafkunan wutsiya, wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen yanayi da kuma haifar da mummunar illa ga muhallin muhalli. Masu sarrafa ma'adinai galibi suna nufin masu tattarawa, masu ƙura, masu hana ruwa, masu flocculants, masu gyara, da kuma masu cirewa, masu inganta matrix, da masu tacewa da ake amfani da su a hydrometallurgy, waɗanda suka haɗa da ɗaruruwan nau'ikan mahaɗan roba marasa tsari ko na halitta.

Menene Mafi Muhimmancin Reagents a Tsarin Ma'adinai?

Daga cikin gurɓatattun abubuwa 68 da ke cikin jerin sunayen gurɓatattun abubuwa da China ta fi bai wa fifiko, an haɗa da sinadaran sarrafa ma'adinai guda 24 (gami da arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, MERCURY , nickel, thallium, jan ƙarfe, gubar, da mahaɗansu). Sinadaran sinadarai masu cutarwa ga muhalli sun haɗa da Cyanide , hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, fluorides, arsenides, chromates, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, carbon disulfide, sulfites, alkyl xanthates daban-daban, organophosphorus mahadi, fatty alcohols, anilines, pyridines, hydrocarbons, alkenes, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, da ɗaruruwan sauran abubuwa. Mun zaɓi 20 daga cikin mahimman sinadaran don amfaninku. Bari mu duba!

Sodium Ethyl Xanthate

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: C2H5OCSSNa

• Halaye: Foda mai launin rawaya mai haske (ko granule) mai ƙamshi mai ban haushi, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, barasa, da sauransu, mai iya samar da mahaɗan da ba za su iya narkewa ba tare da ions na ƙarfe kamar cobalt, jan ƙarfe, da nickel.

• Babban Amfani: Sodium ethyl xanthate wani mai tarawa ne mai kyau a cikin samfuran jerin xanthate. Ana iya amfani da shi sosai don yin iyo mai kyau na ma'adanai masu sauƙin iyo ko hadaddun ƙarfe waɗanda ba ƙarfe ba. Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi tare da wakilan sulfide don yin iyo na tagulla da gubar oxide. Hakanan ana amfani da shi azaman wakilin hazo a cikin hydrometallurgy (misali, tsarkake zinc electrolyte) da kuma azaman mai haɓaka vulcanization a cikin roba.

Sodium isopropyl Xanthate

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: (CH3)2CHOCSSNa

• Halaye: Foda mai launin rawaya mai haske (ko granule) mai wari mai ban haushi, mai narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Babban Amfani: Sodium isopropyl xanthate yana da ɗan ƙarfi wajen tattara takin sulfide na ƙarfe marasa ƙarfe fiye da sodium ethyl xanthate. Ana amfani da shi galibi azaman mai tattarawa don nau'ikan takin sulfide na ƙarfe marasa ƙarfe kuma yana iya zama wakili na hazo a cikin hydrometallurgy; ana kuma amfani da shi azaman mai hanzarta vulcanization a cikin roba.

Sodium Butyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• Halaye: Foda mai launin rawaya ko fari-toka (ko granule) mai wari mai ban haushi, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da barasa, mai iya samar da mahaɗan da ba sa narkewa tare da ions na ƙarfe daban-daban.

• Babban Amfani: Sodium butyl xanthate (potassium) wani mai tarawa ne mai ƙarfin flotation kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin flotation gauraye na ma'adanai daban-daban waɗanda ba ƙarfe ba. Wannan reagent ya dace musamman don flotation na chalcopyrite, sphalerite, da pyrite. A ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi, ana iya amfani da shi don flotation na ma'adanai na tagulla na sulfide daga ma'adanai na ƙarfe sulfide.

Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• Halaye: Foda mai launin rawaya mai sauƙi (ko granule) mai wari mai ban haushi, mai sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa, mai iya samar da mahaɗan da ba za su iya narkewa tare da ions na ƙarfe daban-daban ba.

• Babban Amfani: Sodium isobutyl xanthate (potassium) shi ma wani mai tarawa ne mai ƙarfi a cikin shawagi na ma'adanai daban-daban waɗanda ba su da ƙarfe. Ana amfani da shi galibi don shawagi na tagulla, gubar, da zinc sulfide, kuma ya nuna tasiri a cikin shawagi na tagulla daban-daban da pyrite.

Sodium Isopentyl Xanthate

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• Halaye: Foda mai launin rawaya mai ƙamshi mai ban haushi, mai narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Babban Amfani: Sodium isopentyl xanthate wani mai tarawa ne mai ƙarfi wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen shawagi a cikin ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfin tattarawa mai ƙarfi amma ba zaɓi ba. Misali, kyakkyawan mai tarawa ne don ma'adanai masu ƙarfi na sulfide ko ma'adanai masu ƙarfi na tagulla da gubar (bayan an yi amfani da sulfide da sodium sulfide ko sodium hydrosulfide). Wannan reagent kuma zai iya samun kyakkyawan rabuwa a cikin shawagi na ma'adanai na tagulla-nickel da pyrite mai ɗauke da zinariya.

Sodium Pentyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• Halaye: Foda mai launin rawaya mai haske ko launin toka-fari (ko granule) tare da wari mai ban haushi, mai narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Babban Amfani: Sodium pentyl xanthate (potassium) wani mai tarawa ne mai ƙarfi wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen shawagi a cikin ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfin tattarawa mai ƙarfi amma ba zaɓi ba. Misali, yana aiki a matsayin mai tarawa mai kyau don ma'adanai masu ƙarfi na sulfide ko ma'adanai masu ƙarfi na tagulla da gubar (bayan an yi amfani da sulfide da sodium sulfide ko sodium hydrosulfide). Hakanan yana iya samun kyakkyawan rabuwa a cikin shawagi na ma'adanai na tagulla-nickel da pyrite mai ɗauke da zinariya.

Na 25 Bakar Magunguna

• Babban Sinadari: Dimethylphenol Disulfide

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: (C7H7O)2PSSH

• Halaye: Ruwa mai launin ruwan kasa-baƙi mai mai, mai ƙamshi mai haushi da kuma lalata; mai kama da wuta, mai narkewa kaɗan cikin ruwa.

• Babban Amfani: Maganin baƙar fata mai lamba 25 yana da kaddarorin tattarawa da kuma kumfa. Yana da tasiri wajen tattara ma'adanai na sulfide na gubar, jan ƙarfe, da azurfa, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su a cikin rabuwar gubar da zinc da suka fi dacewa. Wannan reagent yana da rauni a cikin ikon tattarawa don pyrite da sauran ma'adanai na sulfide a cikin da'irar alkaline, amma mai ƙarfi ne mai tattarawa wanda ba a zaɓa ba don duk ma'adanai na sulfide a cikin tsaka tsaki ko tsaka-tsaki na acidic. A ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi, yana kuma da wani takamaiman ikon tattarawa don ma'adanai na ƙarfe mai nauyi. Tunda wannan reagent yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin ruwa, dole ne a ƙara shi a cikin asalinsa zuwa tankin sanyaya ko injin niƙa ball.

Sodium Butyl Black Drug

• Babban Sinadari: Dibutyl Disulfide Sodium

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: (C4H9O)2PSSNa

• Halaye: Maganin ruwa mai launin rawaya-kasa-kasa wanda ba shi da wari mai ban haushi da kuma sinadari mai ƙarfi.

• Babban Amfani: Maganin Sodium butyl black yana da tasiri wajen tattara ma'adanai na zinariya da kuma ma'adanai na azurfa, jan ƙarfe, da zinc. Yana da rauni wajen tattara pyrite a cikin da'irori masu alkaline. Wannan sinadarin yana nuna ƙarancin kumfa kawai.

Sodium No. 25 Black Drug

• Babban Sinadari: Dimethylphenol Disulfide Sodium

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: (C7H7O)2PSSNa

• Halaye: Maganin ruwa mai launin ruwan kasa mai zurfi ko baƙi, mara ƙamshi.

• Babban Amfani: Maganin Sodium No. 25 baƙar fata magani ne mai tasiri wajen tattara tagulla da gubar sulfide. Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin tattara tagulla da gubar sulfide, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don raba tagulla da gubar sulfide daga ma'adinan zinc sulfide. Ana iya ƙara wannan sinadarin kai tsaye zuwa da'irar flotation.

Ammonium Butyl Black Drug

• Babban Sinadari: Dibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• Halaye: Foda fari zuwa fari mai launin toka-fari ba tare da ɗanɗano ba, mai daɗi a cikin iska, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma mai karko a fannin sinadarai.

• Babban Amfani: Maganin baƙar fata na Ammonium butyl kyakkyawan mai tarawa ne kuma mai feshi ga ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe. Yana da ikon raba ma'adanai na tagulla, gubar, azurfa, da zinc, da kuma ma'adanai masu rikitarwa. Yana da ƙarancin aikin tattarawa don pyrite da magnetic pyrite a cikin ɓangaren litattafan alkaline mai rauni amma yana da ƙarfin tattarawa mai ƙarfi don galena. Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi wajen yin iyo a cikin ma'adanai na nickel da antimony sulfide, musamman mai tasiri ga ma'adanai masu wahalar zaɓar nickel sulfide, ma'adanai masu gauraye da sulfide-oxide, da tsakiyar ma'adanai da gangue. Bincike ya nuna cewa amfani da maganin baƙar fata na ammonium butyl yana da amfani don dawo da platinum, zinariya, da azurfa.

Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• Babban Sinadarin: N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Sodium

• Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• Halaye: Farin lu'ulu'u ne mai launin toka-fari wanda ba shi da wani wari mai ban haushi, wanda yake narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwa. Wannan sinadarin yana rikidewa ya zama carbon disulfide, diethylamine, da sauransu, a gabansa.

• na zafi ko acid.

• Babban Amfani: Ana amfani da Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) a matsayin mai tattarawa ga ma'adanai daban-daban na ƙarfe marasa ƙarfe. Yana nuna ƙarfin tattarawa don ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe, gubar, zinc, da nickel sulfide. Wannan reagent yana da tasiri musamman a cikin shawagi na ma'adanai masu rikitarwa kuma an karɓe shi sosai a masana'antar sarrafa ma'adanai. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya taimakawa wajen inganta yawan dawo da ƙarfe a cikin hanyoyin shawagi.

Frothers Flotation

Frothers suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa ma'adinai ta hanyar sauƙaƙe samuwar kumfa masu tsayayyu waɗanda ke ba da damar zaɓin zaɓi na ma'adanai masu mahimmanci. Na yau da kullun na flotation frothers sun haɗa da:

• Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• Halaye: Ruwa mara launi, mai kama da wuta, mai ƙamshi mai kama da na halitta, wanda ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa.

• Babban Amfani: Ana amfani da MIBC sosai a matsayin mai kumfa a cikin shawagi na ma'adanai daban-daban, ciki har da jan ƙarfe, zinariya, da nickel. Yana ƙara kwanciyar hankali na kumfa, yana inganta saurin dawo da ma'adanai da ake so.

• Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

• Halaye: Ruwa mara launi mai ƙamshi mai laushi, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da sinadarai masu narkewa na halitta.

• Babban Amfani: Wannan kumfa yana da tasiri wajen inganta halayen kumfa na hanyoyin iyo, musamman ga ma'adanai na sulfide. Yana taimakawa wajen samar da kumfa mai ƙarfi wanda ke ba da damar raba ma'adanai masu mahimmanci.

• Polyglycol Ether

• Halaye: Ruwa ne mai ƙauri wanda yake narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma yana da ƙarancin guba.

• Babban Amfani: Polyglycol ether yana aiki a matsayin kumfa kuma yana iya haɓaka ingancin flotation na ma'adanai daban-daban, musamman a cikin flotation na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da na ultrafine.

Masu hana

Masu hanawa su ne jami'an sinadarai waɗanda ke hana hawan ruwa na takamaiman ma'adanai. Suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa zaɓin da ingancin tafiyar da ruwa. Masu hanawa gama gari sun haɗa da:

• sodium Cyanide

• Properties: Farin crystalline mai ƙarfi, mai narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, kuma mai guba sosai.

• Babban Amfani: Ana amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide musamman don rage ma'adanai da ba a so yayin shawagi, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da ƙarfe masu daraja, musamman zinare da azurfa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin sarrafa zinare, musamman a tsarin shawagi.

• Sulfide na Sodium

• Halaye: Fari zuwa rawaya mai kauri, mai narkewa cikin ruwa, tare da ƙamshi mai kaifi.

• Babban Amfani: Sau da yawa ana amfani da sodium sulfide don kunna wasu ions na ƙarfe da kuma rage wasu a cikin tsarin shawagi. Yana da tasiri musamman a cikin shawagi na ma'adanai masu oxidized, kamar waɗanda ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe da gubar.

• Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

• Halaye: Farin foda wanda yake narkewa a cikin ruwa, ba ya da guba, kuma yana iya lalacewa ta hanyar halitta.

• Babban Amfani: CMC wani ingantaccen mai hana polymer ne da ake amfani da shi wajen yin iyo a cikin ma'adanai daban-daban. Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa zaɓin tsarin iyo ta hanyar hana iyo a cikin wasu ma'adanai na gangue.

Mankara

Ana amfani da flocculants don haɓaka daidaitawa da dewatering na ma'adanai da wutsiya. Na kowa flocculants sun haɗa da:

• Polyacrylamides

• Halaye: Foda fari zuwa rawaya wadda take narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, ba ta da guba.

• Babban Amfani: Ana amfani da Polyacrylamide sosai a matsayin flocculant a fannin sarrafa ma'adanai don inganta yawan slurries da kuma inganta cire ruwa daga wutsiya.

• Sulfate na Aluminum

• Halaye: Farin lu'ulu'u mai ƙarfi wanda yake narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Babban Amfani: Sau da yawa ana amfani da aluminum sulfate a matsayin coagulant da flocculant a cikin sarrafa ma'adinai don taimakawa wajen bayyanawa da kauri slurries.