20 Mafi Muhimmancin Reagents a cikin Tsarin Ma'adinai

Ayyukan ma'adinai sun haɗa da matakai guda uku: wankewa, murƙushewa, da fa'ida. A lokacin aiwatar da mai da hankali mai mahimmanci daga ƙaramin ƙasa, porlymetallic mormemetallic zuwa mafi girma-girma, nau'ikan tattarawa, nau'ikan masu tattarawa, dole ne a ƙara ƙwararru, da ƙiren hawa dole a ƙara. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwa ne masu guba da cutarwa, kamar cyanides, arsenides, chromates, alkyl xanthates daban-daban, phenols da aka maye gurbinsu, anilines, pyridines, hydroCarbons, alkenes, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, da sauransu. Waɗannan abubuwa na iya shiga muhalli ta hanyar fitar da ruwan sharar ma'adinai ko ta cikin tafkunan wutsiya, wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen yanayi da kuma haifar da mummunar illa ga muhallin muhalli. Abubuwan da ke sarrafa ma'adanai galibi suna nufin masu tarawa, masu ƙura, masu hana ruwa gudu, masu flocculants, masu gyara, da kuma masu cirewa, masu inganta matrix, da masu narkewa da ake amfani da su a hydrometallurgy, waɗanda suka haɗa da ɗaruruwan mahaɗan roba marasa tsari ko na halitta.

Menene Mafi Muhimmancin Reagents a Tsarin Ma'adinai?

Daga cikin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi 68 da ke cikin jerin baƙaƙen fifiko na sarrafa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu na ƙasar Sin, an haɗa reagents 24 na sarrafa ma'adinai (ciki har da arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, SAURARA, nickel, thallium, jan karfe, gubar, da mahadi). Abubuwan sinadarai masu illa ga muhalli sun haɗa da Cyanides, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, fluorides, arsenides, chromates, jan karfe sulfate, zinc sulfate, carbon disulfide, sulfites, daban-daban alkyl xanthates, organophosphorus mahadi, m alcohols, anilines, pyridines, hydrocarbons, alkenes, ethers, ketones, esters da sauran abubuwa. Mun zaɓi 20 mafi mahimmancin reagents don tunani. Mu duba!

Sodium Ethyl Xanthate

• Kwayoyin Formula: Saukewa: C2H5OCSSNA

• Properties: Foda mai haske mai launin rawaya (ko granule) tare da wari mai ban haushi, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, barasa, da sauransu, mai iya samar da mahadi marasa narkewa tare da ions ƙarfe kamar cobalt, jan ƙarfe, da nickel.

• Babban amfani: Sodium ethyl xanthate mai tarawa ne tare da kyakkyawan zaɓi tsakanin samfuran jerin xanthate. Ana iya amfani dashi ko'ina don fifikon iyo na cikin sauƙi mai iya iyo ko hadadden nau'in sulfide na ƙarfe mara ƙarfe. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi tare da ma'aikatan sulfide don yawo na jan karfe da ma'aunin gubar gubar. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman wakili na hazo a cikin hydrometallurgy (misali, tsarkakewar zinc electrolyte) kuma azaman mai haɓakawa a cikin roba.

Sodium isopropyl Xanthate

• Kwayoyin Formula: (CH3)2 CHOCSSNA

• Properties: Foda mai launin rawaya mai haske (ko granule) tare da wari mai ban haushi, mai narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Babban amfani: Sodium isopropyl xanthate yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi na tarin ƙarfi a cikin yawo na sulfide ores na ƙarfe mara ƙarfe fiye da sodium ethyl xanthate. An fi amfani dashi azaman mai tarawa don nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan sulfide waɗanda ba na ƙarfe ba kuma yana iya zama wakili na hazo a cikin hydrometallurgy; Hakanan ana amfani da shi azaman mai haɓaka vulcanization a cikin roba.

Sodium Butyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Kwayoyin Formula: C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• Properties: Ruwan rawaya mai haske ko launin toka-fari (ko granule) tare da wari mai ban haushi, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da barasa, mai iya samar da mahadi marasa narkewa tare da ions ƙarfe daban-daban.

• Babban amfani: Sodium butyl xanthate (potassium) mai tarawa ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin gaurayewar ruwa na nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙarfe sulfide waɗanda ba na ƙarfe ba. Wannan reagent ya dace musamman don flotation na chalcopyrite, sphalerite, da pyrite. Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, ana kuma iya amfani da shi don fifikon flotation na sulfide jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe daga ƙarfe sulfide ores.

Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Kwayoyin Formula: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• Properties: Foda mai haske mai launin rawaya (ko granule) tare da wari mai ban haushi, mai sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana iya ƙirƙirar mahadi marasa narkewa tare da ions ƙarfe daban-daban.

• Babban amfani: Sodium isobutyl xanthate (potassium) shima mai tarawa ne mai ƙarfi a cikin yawo na nau'ikan ƙarfe iri-iri na sulfide mara ƙarfi. An fi amfani da shi don hawan jan ƙarfe, gubar, da zinc sulfide ores, kuma ya nuna tasiri a dabi'a na iyo daban-daban na tagulla da pyrite.

Sodium Isopentyl Xanthate

• Kwayoyin Formula: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• Properties: Foda mai launin rawaya tare da wari mai ban haushi, mai narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Babban amfani: Sodium isopentyl xanthate shine mai tarawa mai ƙarfi wanda akafi amfani dashi a cikin bututun ƙarfe na ƙarfe mara ƙarfe wanda ke buƙatar ƙarfin tarin ƙarfi amma ba zaɓi ba. Alal misali, yana da kyau mai tarawa don oxidized sulfide ores ko oxidized jan karfe da gubar ores (bayan sulfide da sodium sulfide ko sodium hydrosulfide). Wannan reagent kuma zai iya cimma kyakkyawan rabuwa a cikin iyo na jan karfe-nickel sulfide ores da pyrite mai dauke da zinari.

Sodium Pentyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Kwayoyin Formula: C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• Properties: Ruwan rawaya mai haske ko launin toka-fari (ko granule) tare da wari mai ban haushi, mai narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Babban amfani: Sodium pentyl xanthate (potassium) shine mai tarawa mai ƙarfi wanda akasari ana amfani dashi a cikin bututun ƙarfe na ƙarfe mara ƙarfe waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfin tattarawa mai ƙarfi amma ba zaɓi ba. Alal misali, yana aiki a matsayin kyakkyawan mai tarawa don oxidized sulfide ores ko oxidized jan karfe da gubar (bayan sulfide tare da sodium sulfide ko sodium hydrosulfide). Hakanan zai iya cimma kyakkyawan rabuwa a cikin iyo na jan ƙarfe-nickel sulfide ores da pyrite mai ɗauke da zinari.

Na 25 Bakar Magunguna

• Babban Bangaren: Dimethylphenol Disulfide

• Kwayoyin Formula: (C7H7O) 2PSSH

• Properties: Ruwa mai launin ruwan kasa-baƙar fata tare da wari mai banƙyama da lalata; flammable, dan kadan mai narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Babban amfani: No. 25 baƙar fata miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da duka tattarawa da abubuwan kumfa. Yana da tasiri mai tattarawa don ma'adinan sulfide na gubar, jan ƙarfe, da azurfa, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin zaɓin flotation na fifiko na gubar da zinc. Wannan reagent yana da raunin tattarawa don pyrite da sauran sulfide ores a cikin da'irori na alkaline, amma yana da ƙarfi wanda ba zaɓaɓɓe mai tarawa ba ga duk nau'ikan sulfide a cikin tsaka-tsaki ko kafofin watsa labarai na acidic. Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, yana kuma da takamaiman ikon tattarawa na ma'aunin ƙarfe oxide. Tun da wannan reagent yana ɗan narkewa a cikin ruwa kawai, dole ne a ƙara shi a cikin asalinsa zuwa tankin kwandishan ko injin ball.

Sodium Butyl Black Drug

• Babban Bangaren: Dibutyl Disulfide sodium

• Kwayoyin Formula: (C4H9O) 2PSNA

• Properties: Maganin ruwa mai launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ba tare da wari mai ban haushi ba kuma ingantacciyar kaddarorin sinadarai.

• Babban amfani: Sodium butyl baƙar fata magani ne mai tasiri mai tattarawa don ma'adinan gwal da sulfide na azurfa, jan karfe, da zinc. Yana da ikon tattarawa mai rauni don pyrite a cikin da'irori na alkaline. Wannan reagent yana nuna kaddarorin kumfa masu rauni ne kawai.

Sodium No. 25 Black Drug

• Babban Bangaren: Dimethylphenol disulfide sodium

• Kwayoyin Formula: (C7H7O) 2PSNA

• Properties: Magani mai zurfi mai launin ruwan kasa ko baki mai ruwa, mara wari.

• Babban amfani: Sodium No. 25 baƙar fata magani ne mai tasiri mai tarawa don jan ƙarfe da gubar sulfide ores. Saboda raunin da yake iya tattarawa na tukwane sulfide ores, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don fifikon rabuwa da jan ƙarfe da naman dalma na sulfide na zinc sulfide ores. Ana iya ƙara wannan reagent kai tsaye zuwa da'irar iyo.

Ammonium Butyl Black Drug

• Babban Bangaren: Dibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Kwayoyin Formula: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• Properties: Farin foda zuwa launin toka-fari ba tare da ɗanɗano ba, iska mai narkewa, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma ta hanyar sinadarai.

• Babban amfani: Ammonium butyl maganin baƙar fata shine kyakkyawan mai tarawa kuma mai daskarewa ga takin ƙarfe mara ƙarfe. Yana da ikon rabuwa na musamman don ma'adinan sulfide na jan karfe, gubar, azurfa, da zinc, gami da hadadden nau'in nau'in polymetallic. Yana da raunin tattarawa don pyrite da Magnetic pyrite a cikin raunin alkaline mai rauni amma ƙarfin tattarawa don galena. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi a cikin bututun nickel da antimony sulfide ores, musamman tasiri ga wahalar zabar nickel sulfide ores, gauraye sulfide-oxidized nickel ores, da tsakiyar sulfide ores da gangue. Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da maganin baƙar fata na ammonium butyl yana da amfani don dawo da platinum, zinariya, da azurfa.

Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• Babban Bangaren: N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Sodium

• Kwayoyin Formula: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• Properties: Fari mai launin fari zuwa launin toka-fari ba tare da wari mai ban haushi ba, mai sauƙin narkewa cikin ruwa. Wannan reagent bazuwa zuwa cikin carbon disulfide, diethylamine, da sauransu, a gaban

• na zafi ko acid.

• Babban amfani: Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) ana amfani dashi da farko azaman mai tarawa don nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban waɗanda ba na ƙarfe ba. Yana nuna ƙarfin tattara ƙarfi don jan ƙarfe, gubar, zinc, da nickel sulfide ores. Wannan reagent yana da tasiri musamman a cikin iyo na hadaddun ores kuma an karɓe shi sosai a cikin masana'antar sarrafa ma'adinai. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya taimakawa haɓaka ƙimar karafa a cikin hanyoyin ruwa.

Frothers Flotation

Frothers suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa ma'adinai ta hanyar sauƙaƙe samuwar kumfa masu tsayayyu waɗanda ke ba da damar zaɓin zaɓi na ma'adanai masu mahimmanci. Na yau da kullun na flotation frothers sun haɗa da:

• Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• Properties: Ruwa mara launi, mai ƙonewa tare da ƙamshi mai ƙima, maras narkewa a cikin ruwa.

• Babban amfani: MIBC ana amfani da shi sosai azaman frother a cikin yawo na nau'o'in iri daban-daban, gami da jan karfe, zinare, da nickel. Yana haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na kumfa, inganta ƙimar dawowar ma'adanai da ake so.

• Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

• Properties: Ruwa mara launi tare da ƙamshi mai laushi, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da abubuwan kaushi.

• Babban amfani: Wannan frother yana da tasiri wajen haɓaka kaddarorin kumfa na tafiyar ruwa, musamman ga ma'adinan sulfide. Yana taimakawa ƙirƙirar kumfa mai tsayi wanda ke ba da damar mafi kyawun rabuwa da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci.

• Polyglycol Ether

• Properties: Ruwa mai ɗanɗano wanda ke narkewa cikin ruwa kuma yana da ƙarancin guba.

• Babban amfani: Polyglycol ether yana aiki azaman frother kuma yana iya haɓaka haɓakar flotation na ma'adanai daban-daban, musamman a cikin flotation na lafiya da ultrafine barbashi.

Masu hana

Masu hanawa su ne jami'an sinadarai waɗanda ke hana hawan ruwa na takamaiman ma'adanai. Suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa zaɓin da ingancin tafiyar da ruwa. Masu hanawa gama gari sun haɗa da:

• sodium Cyanide

• Properties: Wani farin crystalline mai ƙarfi, mai narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, kuma mai guba sosai.

• Babban amfani: sodium cyanide ana amfani da su da farko don rage ma'adinan da ba'a so a lokacin iyo, yana ba da damar zaɓin dawo da karafa masu mahimmanci, musamman zinariya da azurfa. Ana amfani da shi sosai wajen sarrafa gwal, musamman a cikin aikin cyanidation.

• Sulfide na Sodium

• Properties: Fari mai ƙarfi zuwa rawaya, mai narkewa cikin ruwa, tare da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi.

• Babban amfani: Ana amfani da sodium sulfide sau da yawa don kunna wasu ions na ƙarfe da kuma raunana wasu a cikin tsarin iyo. Yana da tasiri musamman a cikin yawo na ma'adanai masu oxidized, kamar waɗanda ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe da gubar.

• Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

• Properties: Farin foda wanda ke narkewa a cikin ruwa, mara guba, kuma mai yuwuwa.

• Babban amfani: CMC shine inhibitor polymeric mai inganci da ake amfani dashi a cikin iyo na ma'adanai daban-daban. Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa zaɓin tsarin tafiyar da ruwa ta hanyar hana motsin wasu ma'adanai na gangue.

Mankara

Ana amfani da flocculants don haɓaka daidaitawa da dewatering na ma'adanai da wutsiya. Na kowa flocculants sun haɗa da:

• Polyacrylamides

• Properties: Farin foda mai launin rawaya wanda ke narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, mara guba.

• Babban amfani: Ana amfani da polyacrylamide ko'ina azaman flocculant a cikin sarrafa ma'adinai don haɓaka ƙimar daidaitawar slurries da haɓaka dewatering na wutsiya.

• Sulfate na Aluminum

• Properties: Wani farin crystalline mai ƙarfi mai narkewa a cikin ruwa.

• Babban amfani: Aluminum sulfate galibi ana amfani dashi azaman coagulant da flocculant a cikin sarrafa ma'adinai don taimakawa cikin bayyanawa da kauri na slurries.