Jagora yin amfani da reagents na flotation: inganta daidaiton gano abun da ke cikin ma'adinai

A cikin filayen sarrafa ma'adinai da kuma nazarin ƙasa, daidai amfani da Reagents na ruwa yana da mahimmanci don gano ainihin abubuwan ma'adinai. Flotation tsari ne mai yadu da ake amfani da shi na physicochemical don rarrabuwar ma'adinai da haɓakawa, dogaro da bambance-bambance a cikin kaddarorin physicochemical na saman ma'adinai. Ta ƙara reagents, za a iya daidaita hydrophilicity ko hydrophobicity na ma'adinai saman, kunna rabuwa da manufa ma'adanai daga gangue.

Wannan labarin zai gabatar da jerin shawarwarin aiki masu amfani don taimakawa masu fasaha na dakin gwaje-gwaje da injiniyoyin hakar ma'adinai su inganta tsarin flotation, inganta daidaito da maimaita sakamakon gwaji.

Da farko, bari mu fara da ainihin nau'ikan reagents na flotation-Masu tattara, 'Yan'uwa, Da kuma Masu tsarawa. Kowane reagent yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin iyo. Masu tarawa suna haɓaka haɓakar hydrophobicity na ma'adanai, haɓaka abin da aka makala su zuwa kumfa na iska; frothers suna taimakawa wajen daidaita layin kumfa, yana ba da damar ma'adanai masu wadatar da su rabu da sauƙi daga slurry; Ana amfani da masu gyara don daidaita pH ko ƙarfin ionic na slurry, ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau don hawan ma'adinai.

Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha, nau'ikan da aikace-aikacen reagents na flotation suma suna faɗaɗa. Zaɓin daidai da amfani da waɗannan reagents ba zai iya haɓakawa kawai ba Ma'adinai farfadowa rates da maki amma kuma suna kawo fa'idodi masu mahimmanci ta fuskar kariyar muhalli da sarrafa farashi.

Yadda ake Amfani da Reagents na Flotation daidai?

Nau'in Reagent

Nau'in reagents da ake amfani da su a cikin tsire-tsire masu iyo sun dogara da dalilai kamar kaddarorin tama, kwararar tsari, da adadin samfuran ma'adinai da ake so. Gabaɗaya, ana ƙididdige su ta gwaje-gwajen zaɓin ma'adinai ko gwaje-gwajen masana'antu.

Ana iya rarrabe Reagents cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa uku bisa ga ayyukansu:

1. 'Yan'uwa: Kwayoyin surfactants waɗanda ke rarrabawa a mahaɗin ruwan-iska. Ana amfani da su don samar da kumfa wanda zai iya iyo da ma'adanai. Na kowa frothers sun hada da Pine man, cresylic acid, da alcohols.

2. Masu tarawa: Ayyukan su shine kama ma'adinan da aka yi niyya, suna canza yanayin hydrophobicity na saman ma'adinai don ba da damar barbashi na ma'adinai masu iyo su manne da kumfa na iska. Dangane da yanayinsu, ana iya raba masu tarawa zuwa masu tarawa marasa iyaka, masu tara aniya, da masu tattara cationic. Masu tarawa da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da maganin baƙar fata, maganin rawaya, maganin fari, fatty acids, fatty amines, da mai.

3. Masu gyara: Masu gyare-gyare sun haɗa da masu kunnawa da masu hanawa, waɗanda ke canza kaddarorin ma'adinai na ma'adinai, suna rinjayar hulɗar tsakanin ma'adanai da masu tarawa. Masu gyara kuma sun haɗa da wakilai da ake amfani da su don canza sinadarai ko kaddarorin lantarki na matsakaicin ruwa, kamar masu daidaita pH da yanayin masu tarawa. Nau'in masu gyara sun haɗa da:

• Masu daidaita pH: Lemun tsami, sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide.

• Masu kunnawa: Copper sulfate, sodium sulfide.

• Masu hanawa: Lemun tsami, rawaya jini gishiri, sodium sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sodium cyanide, zinc sulfate, potassium dichromate, ruwa gilashin, tannin, soluble colloid, sitaci, roba polymers, da dai sauransu.

• wasu: Ma'aikatan jika, flotation, solubilizers, da dai sauransu.

Maganin Reagent

Matsakaicin adadin reagents a lokacin iyo dole ne ya zama daidai; rashin isa ko wuce gona da iri na iya shafar alamun sarrafa ma'adinai. Yin amfani da yawa na iya ƙara farashin sarrafawa.

Dangantaka Tsakanin Reagent Sashi da Alamun Ruwa:

• Rashin isasshen adadin adadin mai tarawa zai iya haifar da rashin isasshen hydrophobicity na ma'adanai, rage yawan dawowa. Akasin haka, adadin da ya wuce kima na iya rage ingancin tattarawa kuma ya rikitar da igiyar ruwa.

• Rashin isassun maganin kumfa na iya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na kumfa, yayin da adadin da ya wuce kima na iya haifar da al'amuran "cirewa".

• Matsakaicin adadin kunna kunnawa na iya haifar da mummunan kunnawa, yayin da yawa zai iya rushe zaɓin tsarin iyo.

• Rashin isasshen adadin inhibitor na iya rage darajar maida hankali, yayin da adadin da ya wuce kima na iya hana ma'adanai da ya kamata su yi iyo, yana rage yawan dawowa.

Shiri Reagent

Ana diluted m reagents cikin ruwa mai sauƙi don ƙari mai sauƙi. Abubuwan da ba za a iya narkewa da ruwa ba kamar maganin rawaya, maganin baƙar fata amine, gilashin ruwa, sodium carbonate, jan karfe sulfate, da sodium sulfide yakamata a shirya su azaman mafita mai ruwa tare da yawa daga 2% zuwa 10%. Reagents na ruwa da ba su iya narkewa suna buƙatar narkar da su a cikin wani ƙarfi kafin a shirya su azaman maganin ruwa don ƙari, kamar wasu masu tara amine waɗanda za a iya ƙara su kai tsaye, kamar mai No. 2, No. 31 black medicine, da oleic acid. Don reagents masu narkewa sosai waɗanda ke buƙatar adadi mai yawa, yawancin shirye-shiryen yawanci kewayo daga 10% zuwa 20%, kamar sodium sulfide, wanda aka shirya a 15% yayin amfani. Ga masu narkewar reagents marasa ƙarfi, ana iya amfani da abubuwan kaushi na halitta don narkar da su kafin shirya su azaman mafita mai ƙarancin hankali.

A zabi na Reagent shiri Hanyar da farko ya dogara da kaddarorin reagents, hanyar ƙari, da ayyukansu. Wannan reagent na iya samun bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin sashi da sakamako saboda hanyoyin shirye-shiryen daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, hanyoyin shiri gama gari sun haɗa da:

1. Ana shirya maganin 2% zuwa 10% na ruwa: Yawancin reagents masu narkewar ruwa ana shirya su ta wannan hanyar (misali, maganin rawaya, sulfate jan karfe, gilashin ruwa).

2. Narkar da a cikin wani ƙarfi: Za a iya narkar da wasu reagents na ruwa da ba su iya narkewa a cikin kaushi na musamman. Misali, farar magani ba mai narkewar ruwa bane amma ana iya narkar da shi a cikin maganin aniline na kashi 10% zuwa 20%, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da shi bayan shirya maganin gauraye na aniline. Hakazalika, maganin baƙar fata na aniline ba mai narkewar ruwa bane amma yana iya narkewa a cikin maganin alkaline sodium hydroxide, don haka dole ne a fara shirya maganin alkaline sodium hydroxide kafin ƙara reagent don ƙirƙirar maganin maganin baƙar fata na aniline don flotation.

3. Ana shirya azaman dakatarwa ko emulsion: Ga wasu talauci mai narkewa m reagents, za a iya shirya a matsayin emulsions don amfani. Alal misali, lemun tsami yana da ƙarancin narkewa a cikin ruwa, don haka ana iya niƙa shi da kyau a cikin foda kuma a haɗa shi da ruwa don haifar da dakatarwar madara (misali, madarar lemun tsami), ko kuma ana iya ƙara shi kai tsaye a cikin busassun foda a cikin injin ball ko tanki mai motsawa.

4. Saponification: Ga masu tattara fatty acid, saponification shine mafi yawan hanya. Misali, lokacin zabar hematite, ana amfani da sabulun sabulun paraffin da man kwalta a matsayin mai tarawa. Don saponify mai kwalta, kusan 10% sodium carbonate yakamata a ƙara yayin shirya reagent, da zafi don ƙirƙirar maganin sabulu mai zafi don ƙari.

5. Emulsification: Emulsification za a iya samu ta amfani da ultrasonic emulsification ko inji stirring. Bayan emulsification, m acid da dizal iya bunkasa su watsawa a cikin slurry, inganta tasiri na reagents. Ƙara wasu kayan aikin emulsifying na iya ƙara haɓaka tasiri.

6. Acidification: Lokacin amfani da masu tara cationic, saboda ƙarancin narkewar su, dole ne a riga an yi musu magani da hydrochloric acid ko acetic acid kafin su narke cikin ruwa don yin iyo.

7. Hanyar Aerosol: Wannan sabuwar hanyar shiri ce wacce ke haɓaka aikin reagents. Ya ƙunshi yin amfani da na'urar feshi ta musamman don aerosolize da reagents a cikin wani iska matsakaici kafin kai tsaye ƙara su a cikin tanki, don haka kuma ake magana a kai a matsayin "aerosol flotation hanya." Wannan hanya ba kawai inganta floatability na ma'adanai masu amfani amma kuma muhimmanci rage reagent amfani. Misali, adadin masu tarawa zai iya zama kashi ɗaya bisa uku zuwa ɗaya bisa huɗu na adadin da aka saba, yayin da ƙayyadaddun adadin zai iya zama kashi ɗaya cikin biyar kacal.

8. Electrochemical jiyya na reagents: Kai tsaye halin yanzu yana wucewa ta hanyar maganin sinadarai don bi da reagents na ruwa, wanda zai iya canza yanayin reagent, ƙimar pH, da yuwuwar redox, ta haka yana ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke kunna reagent, haɓaka mahimmancin maida hankali don ƙirƙirar colloid, da haɓaka tarwatsawar reagents marasa narkewa a cikin ruwa.

Gabaɗaya, ana zuga masu tarawa da frothers na mintuna 1-2, yayin da wasu reagents, kamar potassium dichromate da ake amfani da su don kashe gubar a cikin rabuwar jan ƙarfe, na iya buƙatar motsawa mai tsayi.

Wurin Ƙara Reagent

Don haɓaka tasiri na reagents na flotation, aikin gama gari shine ƙara wakilai masu daidaitawa, masu hanawa, da wasu masu tarawa (misali, kananzir) a cikin injin ƙwallon ƙwallon don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa da iyo da wuri da wuri. Ana ƙara masu tattarawa da frothers a cikin tanki mai motsawa na farko na tsarin iyo. Idan akwai tankuna guda biyu masu motsa jiki, ya kamata a ƙara mai kunnawa a cikin tanki na farko, yayin da mai tarawa da frother ya kamata a ƙara a cikin tanki na biyu. Abubuwan kari sun bambanta dangane da ayyukan reagents a cikin injin iyo. Misali, ana kara sulfate na jan karfe, maganin rawaya, da man pine a cikin tsari mai zuwa: Ana kara sulfate na jan karfe a tsakiyar tanki na farko, maganin rawaya a tsakiyar tanki na biyu, da man pine a mashigar tanki na biyu. Gabaɗaya, tsire-tsire masu ruwa suna fara ƙara masu daidaita pH don kawo slurry zuwa pH mai dacewa kafin barin mai tarawa da mai hanawa suyi aiki yadda ya kamata. Lokacin ƙara reagents, yana da mahimmanci don sanin batun wasu ions masu cutarwa da ke haifar da rashin aikin reagent. Misali, ions jan karfe da ke amsawa tare da ion hydride na iya haifar da rashin ingancin hydrides. A cikin rabuwar jan karfe da sulfur, idan akwai ions jan ƙarfe da yawa a cikin tanki mai motsawa, kada a ƙara cyanide a cikin tanki mai motsawa amma ya kamata a ƙara kai tsaye yayin aikin rabuwa.

Reagent Ƙara Order

Tsarin al'ada na ƙari na reagent a cikin tsire-tsire na flotation shine kamar haka: don flotation na albarkatun albarkatun ƙasa, yakamata ya zama masu daidaita pH, masu hanawa ko masu kunnawa, frothers, da masu tarawa; don ma'adanai da aka hana a lokacin iyo, oda shine masu kunnawa, masu tarawa, da frothers.

Hanyoyin Ƙara Reagent

Gabaɗaya akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don ƙara reagents: kari na tsakiya da ƙari mai tarwatsewa. Zaɓin hanyar ƙari yakamata yayi la'akari da nau'ikan reagent da ayyukan reagents.

1. Ƙarfafa Tsakanin: Yawancin reagents ana kara su a tsakiya; alal misali, ana ƙara masu tarawa, masu kunnawa, da masu hanawa a cikin tankuna masu motsawa.

2. Qarin Watsewa: Wasu reagents za a iya ƙara kai tsaye a cikin tanki flotation, wanda sau da yawa ana amfani da reagents cewa su ne maras tabbas ko kula da sauran reagents. Misali, idan reagents na flotation suna haifar da lahani ga juna (misali, mummunan tasirin wuce haddi na sodium sulfide akan kunna flotation), ana iya ƙara reagents kai tsaye cikin injin flotation.

Kammalawa

Ta hanyar madaidaiciyar zaɓi, shirye-shirye, sashi, da ƙari na reagents na flotation, sarrafa ma'adinai da nazarin ƙasa za a iya inganta su, haɓaka daidaito da ingancin gwaje-gwaje da nazari. Waɗannan shawarwarin aiki suna nufin taimaka wa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru da injiniyoyin hakar ma'adinai a cikin mafi kyawun amfani da reagents na ruwa, wanda ke haifar da ingantacciyar aiki da ingantaccen sakamako.