Jagora yin amfani da reagents na flotation: inganta daidaiton gano abun da ke cikin ma'adinai

A fannin sarrafa ma'adanai da nazarin ƙasa, amfani da sinadaran Flotation daidai yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don gano abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adanai daidai. Flotation tsari ne na kimiyyar lissafi da ake amfani da shi sosai don raba ma'adanai da haɓaka su, wanda ya dogara da bambance-bambancen halayen sinadaran ma'adanai na saman ma'adanai. Ta hanyar ƙara abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adanai, ana iya daidaita hydrophilicity ko hydrophobicity na saman ma'adanai, wanda ke ba da damar raba ma'adanai da aka yi niyya daga gangue.

Wannan labarin zai gabatar da jerin shawarwarin aiki masu amfani don taimakawa masu fasaha na dakin gwaje-gwaje da injiniyoyin hakar ma'adinai su inganta tsarin flotation, inganta daidaito da maimaita sakamakon gwaji.

Da farko, bari mu fara da nau'ikan sinadaran flotation na asali— Masu Tarawa , Masu Daɗi , da Masu Gyara . Kowane reagent yana taka rawa ta musamman a cikin tsarin flotation. Masu Tarawa suna haɓaka hydrophobic na ma'adanai, suna haɓaka haɗewarsu da kumfa na iska; masu danshi suna taimakawa wajen daidaita layin kumfa, suna ba da damar raba ma'adanai masu wadataccen ruwa cikin sauƙi daga slurry; ana amfani da masu gyara don daidaita pH ko ƙarfin ionic na slurry, yana ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau don flotation na ma'adinai.

Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba a fannin fasaha, nau'ikan da aikace-aikacen reagents na flotation suma suna faɗaɗa. Zaɓi da amfani da waɗannan reagents daidai ba wai kawai zai iya inganta ƙimar dawo da ma'adanai da maki ba, har ma yana kawo fa'idodi masu mahimmanci dangane da kariyar muhalli da kuma kula da farashi.

Yadda ake Amfani da Reagents na Flotation daidai?

Nau'in Reagent

Nau'in reagents da ake amfani da su a cikin tsire-tsire masu iyo sun dogara da dalilai kamar kaddarorin tama, kwararar tsari, da adadin samfuran ma'adinai da ake so. Gabaɗaya, ana ƙididdige su ta gwaje-gwajen zaɓin ma'adinai ko gwaje-gwajen masana'antu.

Ana iya rarrabe Reagents cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa uku bisa ga ayyukansu:

1. Fure-fure: Abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarai masu rai waɗanda ke yaɗuwa a wurin da ruwa ke haɗuwa da iska. Ana amfani da su don samar da wani yanki na kumfa wanda zai iya shawagi da ma'adanai. Fure-fure da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da man pine, cresylic acid, da alcohols.

2. Masu Tarawa: Aikinsu shine kama ma'adanai da aka yi niyya, suna canza yanayin hydrophobic na saman ma'adanai don ba da damar barbashi masu iyo su manne da kumfa na iska. Dangane da yanayinsu, ana iya raba masu tarawa zuwa masu tarawa marasa polar, masu tarawa anionic, da masu tarawa cationic. Masu tarawa da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da maganin baƙi, maganin rawaya, maganin fari, fatty acids, fatty amines, da man ma'adinai.

3. Masu Gyara: Masu Gyara sun haɗa da masu kunna abubuwa da masu hana su aiki, waɗanda ke canza halayen saman ma'adanai, suna tasiri ga hulɗar da ke tsakanin ma'adanai da masu tattarawa. Masu Gyara sun haɗa da abubuwan da ake amfani da su don canza halayen sinadarai ko na lantarki na matsakaiciyar ruwa, kamar masu daidaita pH da yanayin masu tattarawa. Nau'ikan masu Gyara sun haɗa da:

• Masu Daidaita pH: Lemun tsami, sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide.

• Masu kunna: jan ƙarfe sulfate, sodium sulfide.

• Masu hanawa: Lemun tsami, gishirin jini mai launin rawaya, sodium sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sodium cyanide, zinc sulfate, potassium dichromate, gilashin ruwa, tannin, colloids masu narkewa, sitaci, polymers na roba, da sauransu.

• Wasu: Masu jika, masu shaƙa ruwa, masu narkewar ruwa, da sauransu.

Maganin Reagent

Matsakaicin adadin reagents a lokacin iyo dole ne ya zama daidai; rashin isa ko wuce gona da iri na iya shafar alamun sarrafa ma'adinai. Yin amfani da yawa na iya ƙara farashin sarrafawa.

Dangantaka Tsakanin Reagent Sashi da Alamun Ruwa:

• Rashin isasshen adadin masu tarawa na iya haifar da rashin isasshen sinadarin hydrophobic na ma'adanai, wanda ke rage saurin murmurewa. Akasin haka, yawan amfani da shi na iya rage ingancin sinadarin kuma ya haifar da rikitarwa ga rabuwar.

• Rashin isasshen maganin kumfa na iya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na kumfa, yayin da yawan amfani da shi na iya haifar da "yawan ruwa".

• Yawan shan sinadarin kunnawa zai iya haifar da rashin kyawun kunnawa, yayin da yawan shan sa zai iya kawo cikas ga zaɓin tsarin shan sa.

• Rashin isasshen maganin hana ƙwayoyin cuta zai iya rage darajar sinadarin, yayin da yawan amfani da shi zai iya hana ma'adanai da ya kamata su yi iyo, wanda hakan zai rage saurin murmurewa.

Shiri Reagent

Ana diluted m reagents cikin ruwa mai sauƙi don ƙari mai sauƙi. Abubuwan da ba za a iya narkewa da ruwa ba kamar maganin rawaya, maganin baƙar fata amine, gilashin ruwa, sodium carbonate, jan karfe sulfate, da sodium sulfide yakamata a shirya su azaman mafita mai ruwa tare da yawa daga 2% zuwa 10%. Reagents na ruwa da ba su iya narkewa suna buƙatar narkar da su a cikin wani ƙarfi kafin a shirya su azaman maganin ruwa don ƙari, kamar wasu masu tara amine waɗanda za a iya ƙara su kai tsaye, kamar mai No. 2, No. 31 black medicine, da oleic acid. Don reagents masu narkewa sosai waɗanda ke buƙatar adadi mai yawa, yawancin shirye-shiryen yawanci kewayo daga 10% zuwa 20%, kamar sodium sulfide, wanda aka shirya a 15% yayin amfani. Ga masu narkewar reagents marasa ƙarfi, ana iya amfani da abubuwan kaushi na halitta don narkar da su kafin shirya su azaman mafita mai ƙarancin hankali.

Zaɓin hanyar shirya Reagent ya dogara ne da halayen reagent, hanyar ƙarawa, da ayyukansu. Reagent iri ɗaya na iya samun bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin adadin da tasirinsa saboda hanyoyin shiri daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, hanyoyin shiri na gama gari sun haɗa da:

1. Ana shirya maganin ruwa daga kashi 2% zuwa 10%: Yawancin sinadaran da ke narkewa cikin ruwa ana shirya su ta wannan hanyar (misali, maganin rawaya, jan ƙarfe sulfate, gilashin ruwa).

2. Narkewa a cikin wani sinadari mai narkewa: Wasu sinadaran da ba sa narkewa a cikin ruwa za a iya narkar da su a cikin wani sinadari na musamman. Misali, maganin fari ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa amma ana iya narkar da shi a cikin maganin aniline na kashi 10% zuwa 20%, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da shi bayan shirya maganin aniline mai hade. Hakazalika, maganin aniline baƙar fata ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa amma yana iya narkewa a cikin maganin sodium hydroxide alkaline, don haka dole ne a shirya maganin alkaline sodium hydroxide da farko kafin a ƙara maganin don ƙirƙirar maganin aniline baƙar fata don flotation.

3. Shiryawa a matsayin dakatarwa ko emulsion: Ga wasu sinadaran da ba su da ƙarfi sosai, ana iya shirya su a matsayin emulsions don amfani. Misali, lemun tsami yana da ƙarancin narkewa a cikin ruwa, don haka ana iya niƙa shi da kyau ya zama foda a haɗa shi da ruwa don ƙirƙirar dakatarwar madara (misali, madarar lemun tsami), ko kuma ana iya ƙara shi kai tsaye a cikin busasshen foda a cikin injin niƙa ko tankin juyawa.

4. Saponification: Ga masu tattara kitse mai, saponification ita ce hanya mafi yawan amfani. Misali, lokacin zabar hematite, ana amfani da sabulun paraffin da man tar a matsayin mai tarawa. Don saponifying man tar, ya kamata a ƙara kusan kashi 10% na sodium carbonate lokacin shirya reagent, sannan a dumama shi don ƙirƙirar maganin sabulu mai zafi don ƙarawa.

5. Emulsification: Ana iya samun Emulsification ta amfani da ultrasonic emulsification ko motsa jiki na inji. Bayan emulsification, fatty acids da diesel na iya haɓaka watsawarsu a cikin slurry, suna inganta tasirin reagents. Ƙara wasu sinadaran emulsifying na iya ƙara inganta tasirin.

6. Tsarkakewa da sinadarin acid: Lokacin amfani da masu tattara sinadarin cationic, saboda rashin narkewar su, dole ne a yi musu magani da hydrochloric acid ko acetic acid kafin su narke a cikin ruwa don yin iyo.

7. Hanyar Aerosol: Wannan sabuwar hanyar shiri ce da ke ƙara aikin sinadaran. Ya ƙunshi amfani da na'urar fesawa ta musamman don a yi amfani da na'urar fesawa ta aerosol a cikin iska kafin a ƙara su kai tsaye zuwa tankin flotation, don haka ana kiranta da "hanyar flotation ta aerosol." Wannan hanyar ba wai kawai tana inganta yadda ma'adanai masu amfani ke iyo ba, har ma tana rage yawan amfani da na'urorin. Misali, yawan masu tarawa na iya zama kashi ɗaya bisa uku zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na adadin da aka saba, yayin da yawan frother zai iya zama kashi ɗaya bisa biyar kawai.

8. Maganin sinadaran lantarki: Ana wucewa ta hanyar wutar lantarki kai tsaye ta cikin maganin don magance sinadaran flotation ta hanyar sinadarai, wanda zai iya canza yanayin reagent, ƙimar pH, da ƙarfin redox, ta haka yana ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke cikin reagent mafi kunnawa, yana ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da colloids, da kuma inganta watsawar reagent marasa narkewa a cikin ruwa.

Gabaɗaya, ana zuga masu tarawa da frothers na mintuna 1-2, yayin da wasu reagents, kamar potassium dichromate da ake amfani da su don kashe gubar a cikin rabuwar jan ƙarfe, na iya buƙatar motsawa mai tsayi.

Wurin Ƙara Reagent

Don haɓaka tasiri na reagents na flotation, aikin gama gari shine ƙara wakilai masu daidaitawa, masu hanawa, da wasu masu tarawa (misali, kananzir) a cikin injin ƙwallon ƙwallon don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa da iyo da wuri da wuri. Ana ƙara masu tattarawa da frothers a cikin tanki mai motsawa na farko na tsarin iyo. Idan akwai tankuna guda biyu masu motsa jiki, ya kamata a ƙara mai kunnawa a cikin tanki na farko, yayin da mai tarawa da frother ya kamata a ƙara a cikin tanki na biyu. Abubuwan kari sun bambanta dangane da ayyukan reagents a cikin injin iyo. Misali, ana kara sulfate na jan karfe, maganin rawaya, da man pine a cikin tsari mai zuwa: Ana kara sulfate na jan karfe a tsakiyar tanki na farko, maganin rawaya a tsakiyar tanki na biyu, da man pine a mashigar tanki na biyu. Gabaɗaya, tsire-tsire masu ruwa suna fara ƙara masu daidaita pH don kawo slurry zuwa pH mai dacewa kafin barin mai tarawa da mai hanawa suyi aiki yadda ya kamata. Lokacin ƙara reagents, yana da mahimmanci don sanin batun wasu ions masu cutarwa da ke haifar da rashin aikin reagent. Misali, ions jan karfe da ke amsawa tare da ion hydride na iya haifar da rashin ingancin hydrides. A cikin rabuwar jan karfe da sulfur, idan akwai ions jan ƙarfe da yawa a cikin tanki mai motsawa, kada a ƙara cyanide a cikin tanki mai motsawa amma ya kamata a ƙara kai tsaye yayin aikin rabuwa.

Reagent Ƙara Order

Tsarin al'ada na ƙari na reagent a cikin tsire-tsire na flotation shine kamar haka: don flotation na albarkatun albarkatun ƙasa, yakamata ya zama masu daidaita pH, masu hanawa ko masu kunnawa, frothers, da masu tarawa; don ma'adanai da aka hana a lokacin iyo, oda shine masu kunnawa, masu tarawa, da frothers.

Hanyoyin Ƙara Reagent

Gabaɗaya akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don ƙara reagents: kari na tsakiya da ƙari mai tarwatsewa. Zaɓin hanyar ƙari yakamata yayi la'akari da nau'ikan reagent da ayyukan reagents.

1. Ƙarin Tsakiya: Yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin sinadaran ana ƙara su a tsakiya; misali, ana ƙara masu tarawa, masu kunna abubuwa, da masu hana su shiga cikin tankunan juyawa.

2. Ƙarin da Aka Warware: Ana iya ƙara wasu sinadaran kai tsaye a cikin tankin flotation, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi ga sinadaran da ke canzawa ko kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da wasu sinadarai. Misali, idan sinadaran flotation suna haifar da mummunan tasiri ga juna (misali, mummunan tasirin sodium sulfide mai yawa akan flotation da aka kunna), ana iya ƙara sinadaran kai tsaye a cikin injin flotation.

Kammalawa

Ta hanyar madaidaiciyar zaɓi, shirye-shirye, sashi, da ƙari na reagents na flotation, sarrafa ma'adinai da nazarin ƙasa za a iya inganta su, haɓaka daidaito da ingancin gwaje-gwaje da nazari. Waɗannan shawarwarin aiki suna nufin taimaka wa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru da injiniyoyin hakar ma'adinai a cikin mafi kyawun amfani da reagents na ruwa, wanda ke haifar da ingantacciyar aiki da ingantaccen sakamako.