Hadarin sodium Cyanide: Abin da Kuna Bukatar Ku sani

A ranar 12 ga Agusta 2015. wani fashewa ya faru a wani sunadarai masu haɗari sito mallakar Ruihai International Logistics Company a cikin sabon yankin Binhai na Tianjin, China. Fashewar ta yi rijistar girman kusan 2.9 akan ma'aunin Girman Girgizar Kasa (wanda aka fi sani da ML), daidai da tan 21 na TNT. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, wannan fashewar ta yi barna ga motoci akalla 10.000 da ke kusa da cibiyar, kuma ya zuwa karfe 3 na yammacin ranar 25 ga watan Agustan 2015. An tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 135, wadanda dukkansu an gano su. Yayin da jami’an da abin ya shafa suka gudanar da cikakken bincike a wurin da hadarin ya faru, an gano cewa akwai tan 700 na Sodium cyanide (NaCN) a cikin ainihin wurin fashewar, wanda shine sau 70 na adadin da aka yarda da doka don irin waɗannan sinadarai masu haɗari! Bayyanar irin wannan adadi mai yawa na wannan sinadari mai haɗari ba zato ba tsammani ya haifar da damuwa a tsakanin bangarori daban-daban. Menene sodium Cyanide? Menene sodium cyanide amfani da? Yaya yakamata ma'aikatan da suka dace su kula da gurɓacewar da sodium ke haifarwa cyanide fashewa? Wadannan duk tambayoyi ne masu matukar sha'awar jama'a.

Menene sodium cyanide?

An san Cyanides ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa masu guba, kuma yawancin rodenticides masu ƙarfi sun ƙunshi cyanides. Na dogon lokaci, Cyanides jama'a sun ɗauke su a matsayin "sarkin guba," mai iya haifar da mutuwa a lokacin sha. Mutumin da aka fallasa zuwa kashi mai yawa na cyanide zai iya rasa hayyacinsa kuma ya sami kamawar zuciya a cikin mintuna 2-3, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa cikin sauri. Cyanides sun shahara saboda saurin tasirin su. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, shugaban sojojin Jamus Erwin Rommel, wanda aka fi sani da "Desert Fox" da "Eagle of the Empire," ya dauki cyanide (potassium cyanide) don kashe kansa.

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani nau'i ne na cyanide, yana bayyana a matsayin farin granules crystalline ko foda tare da kamshin almond mai ɗaci. Kamar duk cyanides, sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai; cudanya da raunukan fata, shakar numfashi, ko sha koda kadan ne (5% na teaspoon) na iya haifar da gubar cyanide mai kisa. Sodium cyanide na iya rubewa a gaban ruwa a karkashin yanayin iska, yana samar da iskar gas mai guba irin su hydrogen cyanide (HCN) da carbon monoxide. Yana iya narkar da karafa masu daraja kamar zinari da azurfa a gaban iskar oxygen, suna samar da rukunin sinadarai masu guba. Bugu da ƙari, sodium cyanide na iya mayar da martani da ƙarfi tare da nitrates da nitrites, yiwuwar haifar da fashewa. Duk da tsananin dafinsa, keɓaɓɓen kaddarorin sodium cyanide sun sa ya zama maƙasudin asali na sinadarai a fagage daban-daban, gami da injina, lantarki, ƙarfe, da magunguna.

Menene amfanin sodium cyanide?

A cewar masu kera wannan sinadari na sodium cyanide, ton 700 da aka samu a tsakiyar yankin fashewar duk an yi nufin fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje. Duk da haka, wanda ba zai iya taimakawa ba sai mamaki: sodium cyanide yana da haɗari sosai, don haka me yasa akwai irin wannan buƙatun? Menene sodium cyanide ake amfani dashi? A gaskiya ma, ana amfani da sodium cyanide sosai a cikin samar da masana'antu na duniya, tare da aikace-aikacen farko a cikin hakar gwal. Idan ana maganar hakar gwal, har yanzu mutane na iya danganta shi da gwal na karni na 19 a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu, amma hakar gwal na zamani ya canza sosai daga baya.

Wasu na iya ɗauka a zahiri cewa ma'adinan zinariya dole ne a cika da zinari, amma gaskiyar ta bambanta: a matsakaici, akwai kusan gram 4 na zinariya a cikin tan na zinariya. Da kyar akwai ma'adinin zinari a duniya inda za'a iya hako gwal zalla kai tsaye; Abin da aka haƙa ƙurar zinariya ce kawai da ke cikin dutsen. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci don tsaftace shi. Ƙarfafa buƙatun kasuwa da riba mai ban sha'awa, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai ba za su iya yin watsi da duwatsun da ke da abun ciki na zinari ba kamar 0.005%. Don cimma mafi girman ƙimar farfadowa (ciro ƙarin zinariya) daga waɗannan ma'adanai, fasahar tacewa ta zamani tana taka muhimmiyar rawa, wanda ke ba da sarari mai mahimmanci don amfani da sodium cyanide.

Yawanci, aikin tace zinare ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu: hakar ma'adinai, tufatar tama, narkewa, da tacewa. Sirrin fitar da zinari ya ta'allaka ne a cikin matakai na narkewa da tacewa. Bayan hakar ma'adinai da tama, ana niƙa ma'adinin gwal a cikin slurry, kuma ana ƙara wani adadin reagents na sinadarai a cikin slurry. Abubuwan da ke sarrafa sinadarai daga nan sai su mayar da martani da sauri tare da slurry, yana haifar da ions na zinari don haɗawa saman kumfa a cikin slurry, wanda ya haifar da abin da ake kira "laka na zinariya." Bayan haka, ana ƙara ƙayyadaddun kaso na maganin sodium cyanide a cikin laka na gwal, kuma bayan narkewar zafin jiki mai zafi, zinarin ya rabu da sihiri da sauran ƙazanta, ya zama narkakken zinariya. Ana barin narkakkar gwal ɗin ya yi sanyi a zahiri, kuma ana iya jefa shi cikin tubalin zinari, sanduna, ko ingots, yana kammala aikin tace zinare gaba ɗaya. Don haka, a bayyane yake cewa sodium cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarƙaƙƙiya da sarƙaƙƙiyar hanyoyin gyaran gwal, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masana'antar sinadarai ke amfani da wannan sinadari mai haɗari sosai.

Bayanin hoto: Bakar hayaki mai kauri da ke fitowa a lokacin da kamfanin Tianjin Ruihai Logistics Company ya yi mummunar fashewar sinadarai a ranar 12 ga Agusta ya lullube sararin samaniya.

Yadda za a amsa da kuma kula da gurɓataccen sodium cyanide?

A halin yanzu, ma'aikatan da suka dace sun yi maganin daruruwan ton na sodium cyanide a wurin da hatsarin ya faru: sun tayar da sassan da aka fallasa kuma sun fesa hydrogen peroxide don kawar da shi; ga manyan wuraren zubar da jini, sun gina katanga mai tsayi sama da mita daya tare da kasa ko yashi don dauke shi; An dawo da ganga marasa inganci da sauri ga kamfanoni daban-daban don kulawa da kyau.

An yi ta rade-radin cewa iskar gas din da fashewar sinadarin sodium cyanide mai yawan gaske ya haifar a wurin da hatsarin ya afku zai zama mai guba sosai idan aka hadu da ruwa, lamarin da ke haifar da firgici a tsakanin 'yan kasar da aka bukaci da su guji kamuwa da ruwan sama. Gaskiya ne cewa sodium cyanide zai iya samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba sosai lokacin da ta ci karo da acid, amma wannan gas yana da haske sosai kuma zai yi sauri a cikin iska. Don haka, ko da ruwan sama, ba a bukatar firgita mai yawa, domin yawan sinadarin hydrogen cyanide a cikin ruwan sama ya riga ya ragu sosai ta hanyar dilution a cikin iska, wanda hakan zai sa ba zai iya cutar da jikin dan adam ba. Babban injiniya na hukumar kare muhalli ta birnin Tianjin na kasar Sin, ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, duk bayanan da aka sa ido kan iska, da ruwa, da kuma kasa a yankunan da ke kewaye da hadarin, a halin yanzu sun cika ka'idoji, kuma dukkanin bayanai na da inganci kuma abin dogaro ne. Ya kuma bukaci ‘yan kasar da su koma bakin aikinsu da rayuwarsu cikin gaggawa. Ma’aikatan da suka dace sun ba da shawarar cewa, a matsayin taka tsantsan, mazauna yankin su guji sha daga gurɓatattun hanyoyin ruwa kuma su nisanci yankin da ake amfani da su na sodium cyanide biotreatment har sai iskar gas mai guba ta narke sosai a cikin iska don isa matakin aminci kafin shiga.