Fahimtar Kayan Aikin Zinare CIL, CIP: Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

A taƙaice dai, tsarin cyanidation ba ya ƙarƙashin rukunin sarrafa ma'adinai amma ya kamata a sanya shi a matsayin hydrometallurgy. Amfani da cyanidation don fitar da zinariya ita ce hanya mafi shahara a duniya. Babban CIP ɗinsa ya dogara ne akan haɗakar ions na cyanide tare da zinare kyauta don samar da cyanide na zinariya, ta haka ne ake cimma narkar da zinare. Mun san cewa zinare a yanayi yana wanzuwa a cikin yanayi na 'yanci; ko da lokacin da aka lulluɓe shi a cikin wasu ma'adanai, yana ci gaba da zama zinare na asali da zarar an fallasa shi. Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa ingancin (ƙarin murmurewa) na tsarin cyanidation wajen fitar da zinariya, har zuwa wani lokaci, ya dogara ne akan ikon 'yantar da zinaren da aka lulluɓe.

Tsarin leaching na CIL (Carbon In Leach), wanda kuma aka sani da carbon leaching don hakar gwal, tsari ne wanda ya ƙunshi ƙara kunna carbon a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara da gudanar da leaching da tallan gwal a lokaci guda. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe matakai biyu na leaching cyanide na ɓangaren litattafan almara da kunna tallan carbon da aka samo a cikin tsarin CIP (Carbon In Pulp) zuwa mataki ɗaya, rage asara yayin rage farashin gudanarwa. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin CCD na gargajiya, yana adana kashi 66% na farashi na saka hannun jari, yana mai da shi tsarin da aka fi so don sarrafa tama na gwal na zamani.A cikin tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara na carbon, "carbon" da "ɓangare" suna nufin carbon da aka kunna da ɓangaren litattafan almara, bi da bi, maimakon dakatar da carbon kamar yadda za mu iya tunani. Dangane da lokacin gabatarwar carbon da aka kunna, muna komawa ga tsarin leaching wanda ke biye da adsorption azaman hanyar ƙwayar carbon (CIP), yayin da leaching da tallan lokaci ɗaya ake kira hanyar leaching carbon (CIL). Saboda ingantaccen amfani da kayan aikin samarwa, karuwar yawan tsire-tsire na cyanide suna ɗaukar wannan hanyar. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da kawar da buƙatar wanke ɓangaren litattafan almara da rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, saboda kai tsaye yana amfani da carbon da aka kunna granular don tallata gwal daga ɓangaren litattafan almara, maye gurbin wankewa, rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, da bayyanawa, ƙaddamarwa, da ayyukan maye gurbin tutiya na leachate. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa tsarin samar da masana'antu sosai, yana haɓaka inganci, kuma yana rage yawan kayan aiki da saka hannun jari.

Tsarin cyanidation yana buƙatar tsananin niƙa.

Ga ma'aunin ma'adini mai ɗauke da zinari na yau da kullun, saboda ƙarancin ruwa na ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da zinari, yana da wahala gabaɗaya a cimma ma'aunin sarrafa ma'adinai masu kyau ta amfani da hanyoyin iyo. Koyaya, ta hanyar amfani da tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara na carbon, yana yiwuwa a cimma jimlar adadin farfadowa sama da 93% a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin ƙazanta masu cutarwa.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, tasirin aikin cyanidation ya dogara da ikon 'yantar da zinare da aka rufe, yana yin niƙa musamman a cikin ayyukan shirye-shirye na tsire-tsire na ɓangaren litattafan almara. A cikin tsire-tsire na ɓangaren litattafan almara na carbon gama gari, ƙarancin niƙa da ya dace da cyanidation yawanci yana buƙatar 80-95% na kayan don zama mafi kyau fiye da -0.074 mm. A wasu ma'adanai tare da rarraba ma'adinan ma'adinai, abin da ake buƙata zai iya zama fiye da 95% don zama mafi kyau fiye da -0.037 mm. Wannan yana nuna cewa samun nasarar da ake buƙata a mataki ɗaya na niƙa a cikin tsire-tsire na ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da ƙalubale sosai, sau da yawa yana buƙatar matakai biyu ko ma uku na niƙa.

Ana samun ikon sarrafa maida hankali ne ta hanyar daidaita ƙarar ruwan abinci, adadin abincin tama, da rabon yashi mai dawowa. Idan ƙaddamarwar niƙa ya yi yawa, ya kamata a ƙara yawan adadin ruwan abinci, adadin abincin tama a cikin tsarin niƙa mai rufaffiyar matakai biyu ya kamata a rage, kuma ya kamata a ƙara yawan adadin yashi, kuma akasin haka. Za'a iya sarrafa sarrafa tattarawar ambaliya ta hanyar daidaita ƙarar ruwan abinci mai ambaliya, tsayin magudanar ruwa, girman mashigai da fitarwa, da girman magudanar ruwa. Sarrafa cin zarafi mai kyau yana buƙatar gyare-gyare ga tsayin magudanar ruwa, girman madaidaicin magudanar ruwa, adadin da rabon ƙwallo na ƙarfe, ƙaddamar da niƙa, da ƙaddamarwa.

A taƙaice, duk sigogin fasaha a cikin aikin niƙa suna da alaƙa, masu haɗa kai, da ƙuntatawa juna. Sabili da haka, dole ne a ɗauki cikakkiyar tsari da haɗin kai yayin daidaitawa da tsarin sarrafawa.

Hana hydrolysis na cyanides yana da matukar muhimmanci.

Cyanides da muke amfani da su akai-akai (potassium cyanide, Sodium cyanide , calcium cyanide) duk tushe ne mai ƙarfi da gishirin acid mai rauni, waɗanda ke iya haifar da hydrolysis a cikin ruwa, suna samar da hydrogen cyanide wanda zai iya shafar yawan cyanide ions a cikin ɓangaren litattafan. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a hana hydrolysis na cyanides yayin aikin leaching. Hanya mafi inganci ita ce ƙara yawan ions na hydroxide, wanda shine abin da muke kira ƙara ƙimar pH. Mafi kyawun wakilin daidaita pH a masana'antu shine lemun tsami, amma lemun tsami kuma yana iya haifar da flocculation cikin sauƙi yayin daidaita pH. Saboda haka, muna ƙara shi yayin aikin niƙa don tabbatar da cewa ya warwatse sosai. A lokacin leaching na cyanide, maganin dole ne ya kula da wani alkalinity don hana ruɓewar cyanides, amma alkalinity na maganin cyanide bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, domin wannan zai iya rage yawan narkar da zinare.

Yayin da lokacin leaching ya karu, adadin leaching na zinari yana inganta, amma bayan wani lokaci, tsawaita lokacin leaching gaba ba zai ƙara ƙimar leaching na zinari ba. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da wani lokacin leaching yayin leaching cyanide don tabbatar da ingantaccen leaching na zinari. Gabaɗaya, ƙimar pH yayin ayyukan ɓangaren litattafan carbon yana da tasiri yayin da yake tsakanin 10 zuwa 11.

Sarrafa ƙaddamarwar ɓangaren litattafan almara muhimmin al'amari ne na tsarin cyanidation.

Ko zinari ne da cyanide ko cyanide na zinari da carbon da aka kunna, isassun lamba ya zama dole don cimma ingantattun alamomin sarrafa ma'adinai, wanda ke sanya babban buƙatu akan ƙwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara. Idan maida hankali ya yi yawa, zai iya sauƙi hazo a saman carbon da aka kunna; idan ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, yana iya daidaitawa cikin sauƙi. Bugu da ƙari, don kiyaye ƙimar pH da ta dace da tattarawar cyanide, dole ne a ƙara yawan adadin reagents. Lokacin zabar cyanides, dole ne a yi la'akari da dalilai kamar ikon danginsu don narkar da zinari, kwanciyar hankali, da tasirin ƙazanta akan rushewar zinare.

Bayan shekaru na aikin samarwa, an yi imanin cewa ƙaddamar da 40-45% don hakar gwal na gwal na carbon da kuma ƙwayar cyanide na 300-500 ppm sun fi dacewa. Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, niƙa yawanci yana buƙatar matakai biyu zuwa uku na aiki, kuma ƙimar samfurin ƙarshe gabaɗaya tana ƙasa da 20%. Don haka, kafin shigar da aikin leaching, ɓangaren litattafan almara dole ne a aiwatar da tsari mai kauri.

Kula da yawan sinadarin Sodium Cyanide yayin aikin cire sinadarin ya kamata ya bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi: yayin da ake tabbatar da ingancin narkar da zinare, rage yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide yadda ya kamata don daidaita yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide a duk tankunan cire sinadarin, ko kuma tabbatar da cewa yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide a cikin tankunan cire sinadarin ya fi na baya. Ƙaramin canjin yanayin yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide da aka sarrafa a kowace tankin cire sinadarin, mafi kyau. Ya fi kyau a ga cewa rabon tankunan cire sinadarin da ke ƙara sinadarin sodium cyanide zuwa jimlar adadin tankunan cire sinadarin ya fi girma. Auna yawan sinadarin sodium hydroxide akai-akai yana da amfani wajen sarrafa yanayin fasaha na aiki. Galibi ana ƙara sinadarin sodium cyanide a kowane tanki a maida hankali kusan kashi 10%.

Asalin Tsarin Tsarin Leaching na Cyanide

Daga tsarin da ke sama, ana iya ganin cewa tsarin cyanidation shine tsarin da ake bukata na oxygen, kamar yadda gabatarwar iskar oxygen a lokacin samarwa zai iya hanzarta yawan leaching. Hakika, za mu iya daidai ƙara oxidizing jamiái, kamar hydrogen peroxide; duk da haka, wuce kima oxidants zai iya haifar da samuwar cyanate ions daga cyanide, wanda ba shi da amfani ga tsarin leaching.

Daga dabarar, zamu iya ganin cewa 1 mol na zinariya yana buƙatar mol 2 na cyanide kawai don haɓakawa. Dangane da taro, kusan 1 g na zinariya yana buƙatar 0.5 g na cyanide a matsayin wakili na leaching. Duk da haka, a cikin ainihin samarwa, saboda tasirin wasu ma'adanai, irin su azurfa, jan karfe, gubar, da zinc, wanda kuma zai iya jurewa da halayen haɗari tare da cyanide, adadin reagents bai kamata ya iyakance ga ƙididdiga kadai ba. Ya kamata a gyara shi bisa la'akari da adadin leaching na ƙarshe, kuma ya kamata a bi diddigin gyare-gyare lokacin da kaddarorin ma'adinai suka canza. Yawanci, kewayon sau 200 zuwa 500 sama da ƙimar da aka ƙididdige ana ɗaukar ma'ana. A taƙaice, tabbatar da ƙaddamar da ion cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara shine yanayin da ya zama dole don cimma kyakkyawan alamu.

Lokacin da gwal ɗin da aka ɗora akan carbon ɗin da aka ɗora ya kai sama da 3000 g/t, muna la'akari da cewa gabaɗayan aikin tallan ɓangaren carbon ya cika. Koyaya, ma'adinan da ke da manyan ƙazanta na jan karfe da azurfa kuma na iya yin tasiri ga ƙarfin tallan carbon da aka kunna, wanda ke haifar da carbon ɗin da aka ɗora da zinari ba ya cika burinmu da ake sa ran. Lokacin da carbon da aka kunna ba ya da ƙarfin talla, muna la'akari da shi cikakke ne. Don cikakken carbon da aka kunna, muna buƙatar desorb da electrolyze don samun zinari. Koyaya, ayyukan da ke gaba sun fi rikitarwa kuma suna buƙatar babban saka hannun jari. A cikin yankunan da ke da yawan adadin zinare, za mu iya sayar da carbon da aka ɗora da zinariya don riba, ko kuma hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce samun zinariya ta hanyar konewa.

Shaanxi United Chemical ƙwararrun masana'anta ne kuma mai samar da sodium cyanide, babban sinadari mai mahimmanci da ake amfani da shi a masana'antu daban-daban kamar hakar ma'adinai da haɗin sinadarai. Ƙwararrun ƙungiyar a United Chemical ba kawai samar da samfurori ba amma kuma an sadaukar da shi don ba da cikakkiyar goyon bayan fasaha. Tare da ƙwarewar masana'antu mai yawa, ƙwararrunmu suna iya magance kowace tambaya ko ƙalubale da kuke iya fuskanta. Ta zabar Shaanxi United Chemical a matsayin mai samar da sodium cyanide na ku, zaku sami damar samun wadataccen ilimi da albarkatu waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka ayyukanku da haɓaka aiki. Haɗin gwiwa tare da mu yanzu don samun goyan bayan ƙwararrun ƙwararru da samfuran inganci.