Nawa kuka sani game da tushen cyanides?

Cyanide wani fili ne mai guba mai guba wanda ke haifar da babban haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Fahimtar tushen sa, tasirin sa, da matakan tsaro yana da mahimmanci don hana fallasa da tabbatar da lafiya.

Sources na Cyanide

Masana'antu Ayyuka

Ana amfani da Cyanide sosai a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu daban-daban. Ma'aikata a masana'antu irin su electroplating, zanen, masana'anta rini, da kuma samar da roba suna da ingantacciyar damar fallasa. A cikin electroplating, misali. Cyanide ana amfani da shi don haɓaka mannewa na suturar ƙarfe. Koyaya, rashin kulawa da rashin matakan tsaro a cikin waɗannan masana'antu na iya haifar da cyanide yabo da saki a cikin muhalli.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin Abinci

Abin mamaki, ana iya samun cyanide a cikin wasu abinci na yau da kullum. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kamar peaches, plums, apricots, da 枇杷 sun ƙunshi hydrogen cyanide. Daga cikin su, almonds masu ɗaci suna da mafi girman abun ciki. Bugu da ƙari, rogo, abinci mai mahimmanci a yankuna masu zafi da yawa, kuma ya ƙunshi hydrogen cyanide. Wadannan na halitta - faruwa cyanides yawanci ana ɗaure su ta hanyar cyanogenic glycosides. Lokacin da waɗannan abubuwa suka ci, enzymes a cikin jiki na iya rushe su, mai yiwuwa ya saki cyanide kyauta.

Samuwar Halittu

A fannin ilmin halitta, ana iya samar da hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ta hanyar hydrolysis na amyGDAlin ta hanyar amy enzymegdalinase. Duk da cewa HCN ba ya wanzuwa a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin halittu masu rai, yana iya samuwa a ƙarƙashin wasu halayen enzymatic. Cyanide yana da ƙarfi ga ƙwayoyin ƙarfe kuma yana iya samar da hadaddun abubuwa masu ƙarfi. Wannan siffa tana ba shi damar ɗaurewa cikin sauƙi ga ƙarfe - wanda ke ɗauke da sunadarai, sau da yawa yana hana ayyukansu sosai. Musamman ma, cytochrome c oxidase, wani muhimmin enzyme a cikin sarkar numfashi, ana iya hana shi sosai ko da a cikin taro mai ƙasa da 10 - 4M, wanda a ƙarshe ke haifar da dakatar da numfashi.

Hadarin Cyanide

Abubuwan cutarwa na cyanide akan jikin mutum suna bayyana ta cikin manyan bangarori biyu: m da kuma na yau da kullun. Mummunan fallasa ga cyanide na iya zama barazana ga rayuwa. Abubuwan ion cyanide da aka saki (CN-) suna tsoma baki tare da aikin yau da kullun na sel ta hanyar ɗaure ga mahimman enzymes waɗanda ke cikin amfani da iskar oxygen. Wannan yana rushe ikon jiki na yin amfani da iskar oxygen, wanda ke haifar da alamu kamar saurin numfashi, juwa, ciwon kai, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, asarar sani da mutuwa. Bayyanar cututtuka na yau da kullum, ko da yake ba a bayyana ba nan da nan, yana iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya na dogon lokaci, ciki har da lalacewa ga tsarin juyayi, tsarin numfashi, da glandar thyroid.

Kariya da Amsoshi na Gaggawa

Kariyar Wurin Aiki

A wuraren aiki inda ake samarwa ko amfani da cyanide, kamar tsire-tsire masu sinadarai masu alaƙa da cyanide, dole ne a aiwatar da tsauraran ƙa'idodin aminci. An haramta shan taba da cin abinci sosai a wuraren sarrafa cyanide. Yakamata a samar wa ma’aikata kayan kariya da suka dace, wadanda suka hada da safar hannu, abin rufe fuska, da tufafin kariya, don hana cyanide gurbata fatar jikinsu da shiga jikinsu ta hanyar sha ko shakar numfashi. Ya kamata a samar da tsauraran matakan tsaro don tabbatar da cewa an adana abubuwa masu ɗauke da cyanide, jigilar su, kuma an yi amfani da su daidai. Ya kamata a gudanar da horon tsaro na yau da kullun da atisaye don haɓaka wayar da kan ma'aikata game da haɗarin haɗari da damar amsawar gaggawa.

Martanin Gaggawa ga Mugun Guba

A yayin wani mummunan hatsarin guba na cyanide, matakin gaggawa yana da mahimmanci. Ɗaya daga cikin matakan taimako na farko shine amfani da amyl nitrite. Ɗauki ampoules 1 - 2 na amyl nitrite, kunsa su a cikin rigar hannu, sannan a karya su. Sa'an nan kuma, riƙe fashe ampoules kusa da hanci da bakin majiyyaci don shaƙa, yayin da suke yin numfashi na wucin gadi lokaci guda. Umarci majiyyaci ya numfasa na daƙiƙa 15-30 kowane minti 1-2. Ya kamata a daidaita adadin inhalation bisa ga yanayin majiyyaci. Bayan wannan magani na farko, yakamata a garzaya da majiyyaci zuwa asibiti don ƙarin ƙwararrun kulawar likita, wanda zai iya haɗawa da sarrafa takamaiman maganin rigakafi kamar sodium nitrite da sodium thiosulfate.

A ƙarshe, cyanide, tare da maɓuɓɓugarsa daban-daban da haɗari masu tsanani, yana buƙatar kulawar mu sosai. Ko a cikin saitunan masana'antu ko rayuwar yau da kullun, sanin kasancewar sa, ɗaukar matakan kariya, da sanin yadda ake amsawa idan an fallasa su suna da mahimmanci don kare lafiyar ɗan adam da aminci.