Tura zuwa Zinari na Zinari Ba tare da Mercury ba - sau da yawa sodium cyanide

Ƙungiya mai goyon bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana taimaka wa ƙananan masu hakar ma'adinai a Philippines samun mafi aminci madadin - sau da yawa sodium cyanide.

Ma'aikata suna sarrafa ma'adinin zinare a wani ƙaramin masana'anta a Paracale, Philippines.

A cikin Philippines, kamar a wurare da yawa a duniya, Mercury ya dade yana tsakiyar yadda kananan masu hakar zinare ke samun abin rayuwarsu. An yi amfani da shi azaman hanya mai sauƙi don raba zinari daga sauran ma'adanai da suke haƙa, ƙarfe mai nauyi yana da guba sosai kuma yana iya haifar da lahani a cikin mahaifa, lahani a cikin mahaifa, har ma da mutuwa.

Philippines ta haramta amfani da Mercury wajen hakar gwal a shekarar 2012. Amma duk da haka masu aikin hako ma'adinai da ba su yi rajista ba a cikin kasar na ci gaba da dogaro da sinadari don samun kudin shiga na yau da kullun. A gare su, tunanin ƙin yarda ya yi yawa, duk da koyo game da haɗarin lafiya da ma mutuwar da ba a kai ba ga mutanen da ke aiki a ɓangaren.

Wani mai hakar ma’adinai kuma mai ba da rance ga masu hakar ma’adinai yana gudanar da wani ƙaramin wurin da ke haƙa tama daga ramukan da aka tona a ƙasan gidan kuma a sarrafa shi a cikin injin niƙa. Ana zuba 'yan cokali na mercury a ciki duk lokacin da aka harba injin.

Masu hakar ma'adinai na fasaha suna amfani da mercury saboda yana da sauƙi. Lokacin da aka haɗe mercury da tama, yana ɗaure da zinariya, yana haifar da amalgam na kusan sassa na karafa biyu. Ana kona Mercury a yawanci, yana barin zinari amma kuma yana haifar da tururi mai guba wanda yawancin masu hakar ma'adinai ke shaka ba da gangan ba.

Mai hakar ma’adinan ya ce game da amfani da Mercury don tallafa wa iyali, yana mai bayanin cewa dole ne a rufe wani rami kuma an saka wani sabon rami bayan guguwa ta haifar da ambaliya.

Mercury - gurbataccen ruwa yana ko'ina a wurin, ciki har da a cikin wani karamin tafkin inda masu hakar ma'adinai ke amfani da sinadarin mai guba don kwandon gwal a cikin ma'adinan da ake karkatar da su daga injin. Wurin yana kewaye da jakunkuna na yashi kuma yana zaune nisa da mita daga kogin inda yara ƙanana ke kifi.

Yara suna kamun kifi kusa da wani ƙaramin gwal a Paracale, Philippines, wanda ke ci gaba da yin amfani da mercury wajen haƙarsa.

Mai shi ya yarda cewa mercury yana da haɗari sosai. Akwai maza kusan goma sha biyu da ke aiki a tashoshi daban-daban a cikin rukunin, kuma wasu 10 kuma suna aikin hako tama a ƙarƙashin ƙafa. An gaya wa ma'aikata kada su yi amfani da shi idan suna da tabo, don kauce wa shiga cikin jini.

Ziyarar zuwa masana'antar wani bangare ne na ziyarar manema labarai da wani shiri na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke jagoranta, planetGOLD, wanda ke aiki don taimakawa kananan masu hakar zinare su bi yarjejeniyar, Yarjejeniyar Minamata kan Mercury. Masu aiko da rahotanni sun ziyarci ma'adinai da masana'antar sarrafa ma'adinai da ke cikin matakai daban-daban na sauyawa daga Mercury.

A bayyane yake daga ziyarar cewa sauyin yanayi zai faru ne kawai idan masu hakar ma'adinan sun kara fahimtar hadarin kuma sun sami taimako daga hukumomi don nemo wasu hanyoyin da za a bi don hakar zinare. A yanzu, yawancin masu hakar ma'adinai suna samun mafita a cikin wani sinadari mai haɗari: sodium Cyanide.

Ƙarfafa Canji

Tun lokacin da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka fara neman zinariya a Philippines a ƙarshen karni na 16, matalauta masu aikin hako ma'adinai sun kasance suna jan hankalin masana'antar, musamman a lokacin hauhawar farashin zinariya. Mutanen da ke kusa da wani yanki sun yi aiki duk rayuwarsu a cikin sashin. A 2020. wani ya gaji ma’adana.

Kamar yadda rashin tabbas na duniya ke haifar da masu saka hannun jari zuwa ga kadarorin da ke da aminci kuma canjin makamashi yana ƙaruwa da buƙatun zinariya da sauran ma'adanai, farashin gwal ya tashi - da kusan kashi 10% a cikin 2024 kaɗai - yana jawo ƙarin mutane zuwa wannan layin aiki.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 15 - ciki har da yara miliyan 4-5 miliyan 80 - suna aiki a cikin kasashe sama da XNUMX a cikin kananan hukumomi. aikin hakar ma'adinais wanda ke samar da kusan kashi 20% na abin da ake fitarwa na ƙarfe a duniya. Samar da tushen samun kudin shiga ga mutane a wurare masu nisa inda wasu zaɓuɓɓuka kaɗan suka wanzu, wannan haƙar ma'adinin gwal na fitar da wasu metric ton 2.000 na Mercury a kowace shekara zuwa cikin muhalli.

Tun lokacin da Yarjejeniyar Minamata ta fara aiki shekaru 7 da suka gabata, planetGOLD yana aiki tare da hukumomi, masu hakar ma'adinai, masu kudi, da al'ummomin gida don canza yadda ake hako zinari da sarrafa su. Ƙoƙarin ya haɗa da haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin mercury yayin da ake taimakawa wajen daidaita ma'adinan mercury - hanyoyin hakar ma'adinai da sarrafawa kyauta ga buƙatun gida. Shirye-shiryen mutum ɗaya na planetGold yawanci yana ɗaukar shekaru 5, bayan haka al'ummomi da hukumomin gida suna ci gaba da ƙoƙarin.

planetGOLD ya yi aiki a cikin ƙasashe sama da 20 a Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka. A cikin rahoton shekara ta 2022-23 na shirin, manazarta sun yi kiyasin cewa kokarin da ya yi ya zuwa yau ya hana amfani da t 31.4 na Mercury a cikin kasashe shida da yake aiki. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Colombia, Peru, da Burkina Faso, planetGOLD yana ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin kuɗi na gida don ba da bashi ga masu hakar ma'adinai don taimaka musu su rungumi fasahar sarrafa mercury.

Wata kwalbar filastik tana riƙe da mercury a ƙaramin ma'adinin gwal da masana'anta a Paracale, Philippines.

A wani wuri a cikin Filipinas inda planetGOLD yake yanzu, $ 500.000 mercury - kyauta mai sarrafa kayan aiki yana jiran takaddun shaida don fara aiki a farkon 2025. lokacin da za a canza ikon mallakar ga masu hakar ma'adinai kuma planetGOLD zai ja da baya. An gina shi a kan wani tudu da ke sama da garin don cin gajiyar nauyi wajen rarrabawa da niƙa tama, zai taimaka wa membobin ƙungiyar masu hakar ma'adinai na gida, wanda ke ƙarƙashin sunan SMBC.

In zinariya cyanidation, ana amfani da su akai-akai a cikin manyan ma'adanai masu girma, masu hakar ma'adinai suna haifar da slurry na tama da ruwa da kuma ƙara sodium cyanide, wanda ke narkar da zinariya. Ana ƙara carbon da aka kunna, yana aiki azaman soso don jiƙa gwal - hadadden cyanide. Zinariya-launi na carbon carbon, wanda ya fi girma fiye da raƙuman ma'adinai, ana raba su ta hanyar amfani da ragamar waya. Ana samun zinari tare da ƙarin ƙarin cyanide ko ta hanyar narkewa.

Ba kamar mercury ba, wanda ke dawwama a cikin mahalli, ana iya lalata cyanide ta hanyar oxidation tare da hydrogen peroxide or sodium metabisulfite.

Disclaimer

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