Shin kun san duk amfanin sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide, tare da dabarar sinadarai ta NaCN, wani sinadari ne da ke haifar da taka tsantsan saboda yawan gubarsa. Duk da haka, yana kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu da sinadarai. Wannan labarin ya yi nazari kan amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide mai yawa , yana nuna muhimmancinsa a fannoni daban-daban yayin da yake jaddada bukatar tsauraran matakan tsaro.

1. Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai - Fitar da karafa masu daraja

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun aikace-aikacen Sodium Cyanide shine a masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai , musamman don haƙo zinare da azurfa. Zinariya, kasancewar ƙarfe mara amsawa, tana da ƙarfi ga ions na cyanide. A gaban iskar oxygen da ruwa, sodium cyanide yana amsawa da zinariya a cikin ma'adinan. Wannan tsari, wanda aka sani da cyanidation, yana ba da damar narke zinare a cikin maganin cyanide, yana raba shi da sauran ƙazanta a cikin ma'adinan. Sannan za a iya ƙara sarrafa hadadden zinare - cyanide da ya haifar don dawo da zinare mai tsarki. Hakanan ana iya fitar da azurfa ta hanya iri ɗaya. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar sosai saboda ingancinta da ƙarancin farashi idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabarun haƙowa. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a kula da sodium cyanide da taka tsantsan a ayyukan haƙo don hana gurɓatar muhalli da cutarwa ga ma'aikata.

2. Sinthesis - Toshewar Gine-gine don Haɗuwa Daban-daban

Sodium cyanide yana aiki a matsayin babban tubalin gini a cikin hadakar sinadarai . Ana amfani da shi don samar da nau'ikan sinadarai masu mahimmanci iri-iri:

2.1. Samar da Nitriles

Nitriles wani nau'in mahaɗan halitta ne waɗanda ke da takamaiman rukuni na aiki. Ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide don haɗa nitriles ta hanyar tsarin amsawa inda cyanide ion ke maye gurbin halogen atom a cikin alkyl halide. Nitriles suna da mahimmanci a cikin samar da magunguna , sinadarai masu gina jiki , da polymers.

2.2. Haɗin gwiwar Cyanuric Chloride

Cyanuric chloride an haɗa shi ta amfani da sodium cyanide. Yana da muhimmin fili wajen samar da rini, magungunan kashe qwari, da sinadarai na maganin ruwa. Haɗin gwiwar ya ƙunshi jerin halayen da suka fara daga sodium cyanide, kuma tsarinsa na musamman ya sa ya zama mai amfani a cikin halayen sunadarai daban-daban.

2.3. Shirye-shiryen Sauran Cyanide - Tushen Haɗin

Ana kuma amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide don samar da wasu sinadarai masu tushe kamar potassium cyanide, sodium cyanate, da nau'in cyanide na ƙarfe daban-daban. Wadannan mahadi suna samun aikace-aikace a cikin wutar lantarki, ƙarewar ƙarfe, kuma azaman mai haɓakawa a cikin wasu halayen sinadarai.

3. Masana'antar Electrolating

A cikin masana'antar electroplating , ana amfani da sodium cyanide wajen ƙirƙirar baho na electroplating. Baho na electroplating na Cyanide suna da amfani musamman don yin plating karafa kamar jan ƙarfe, azurfa, da zinariya. Ion cyanide a cikin baho suna taimakawa wajen ɗaure ƙarfe, wanda ke ba da fa'idodi da yawa. Yana ba da damar adana ƙarfe a kan substrate mafi daidaito, wanda ke haifar da laushi da mannewa na ƙarfe. Bugu da ƙari, yana rage rarrabuwar kawuna a anode, yana tabbatar da cewa anode na ƙarfe yana narkewa daidai lokacin aikin electroplating da kuma kiyaye yawan ions na ƙarfe a cikin baho. Duk da haka, saboda gubar cyanide, ana ƙoƙarin haɓaka wasu hanyoyin electroplating waɗanda ba cyanide ba ne. Amma a halin yanzu, electroplating na tushen cyanide har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai a wasu aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar plating mai inganci.

4. Tsarin Halitta a cikin Magunguna da Agrochemicals

4.1. Magungunan Magunguna

Sodium cyanide yana da hannu a cikin haɗakar magunguna da yawa. Misali, ana amfani da shi wajen hada wasu amino acid, wadanda su ne tubalan gina jiki. A cikin haɗuwa da wasu kwayoyi, ƙungiyar cyanide za a iya shigar da su a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta ta amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin kayan farawa. Sannan ana iya ƙara gyaggyarawa wannan rukunin cyanide ta hanyar halayen sinadarai daban-daban don samun abubuwan da ake buƙata na magunguna na maganin.

4.2. Agrochemicals

A cikin masana'antar agrochemical, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don samar da magungunan kashe qwari da ciyawa. Ana hada wasu magungunan kashe qwari ta hanyar amfani da cyanide - mai ɗauke da tsaka-tsaki. Wadannan sinadarai na aikin gona suna taimakawa wajen kare amfanin gona daga kwari da ciyawa, ta yadda za a kara yawan amfanin gona. Koyaya, amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin samar da kayan aikin gona shima yana buƙatar tsauraran aminci da ƙa'idodin muhalli don hana duk wani mummunan tasiri akan yanayin muhalli.

5. Sauran Aikace-aikace

5.1. Tsaftace Karfe da Maganin Sama

Sodium cyanide za a iya amfani da karfe tsaftacewa da surface jiyya matakai. Zai iya taimakawa wajen cire tsatsa, sikeli, da sauran ƙazanta daga saman ƙarfe. A wasu lokuta, ana amfani da shi tare da wasu sinadarai a cikin ƙarfe - ayyukan gamawa don shirya farfajiyar karfe don ƙarin aiki kamar zane ko sutura.

5.2. Rodenticide (Ba bisa ka'ida ba da Ƙuntatacce Amfani)

A tarihi, an yi amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin rodenticide saboda yawan guba. Koyaya, saboda tsananin hatsarin da yake haifarwa ga halittun da ba a kaisu hari ba, gami da mutane, an taƙaita amfani da shi azaman rodenticide sosai a yankuna da yawa. Ciwon bazata ko fallasa ga rodenticides na tushen sodium cyanide na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako, yana mai da shi zaɓin da ba za a yarda da shi ba don sarrafa kwaro a mafi yawan yanayi.

La'akari da Lafiya

Duk da yawan aikace-aikacen sa, sodium cyanide abu ne mai guba sosai. Yana iya zama mai mutuwa idan an shaka, an sha, ko kuma a shanye ta cikin fata. Lokacin da sodium cyanide ya haɗu da acid, yana fitar da iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba sosai, wanda yake da haɗari sosai. A cikin saitunan masana'antu, tsauraran ka'idojin aminci suna cikin wurin don ɗaukar sodium cyanide. Dole ne ma'aikata su sa kayan kariya masu dacewa, gami da safar hannu, abin rufe fuska, da tufafin kariya. Wuraren ajiya na sodium cyanide an ƙera su don hana duk wani yatsa ko fallasa ga danshi da acid. Idan akwai zubewa ko hatsarori, ana aiwatar da hanyoyin ƙazanta da suka dace ta amfani da abubuwa kamar hydrogen peroxide, waɗanda zasu iya oxidize sodium cyanide zuwa ƙananan samfuran masu guba, nan da nan ana aiwatar da su.

A ƙarshe, sodium cyanide, duk da gubar da ke tattare da shi, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antu da yawa. Aikace-aikacen sa sun bambanta daga hakar ƙarfe mai daraja a cikin hakar ma'adinai zuwa kasancewa maɓalli na reagent a cikin haɗakar sinadarai don magunguna da agrochemicals. Koyaya, amintaccen kulawa da amfani da sodium cyanide suna da matuƙar mahimmanci don kare lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli.