Tsangwama gama gari a cikin Binciken Titration na Sodium Cyanide

Gabatarwa

Binciken sinadarin sodium cyanide hanya ce mai mahimmanci a fannin ilmin sunadarai, musamman a masana'antu kamar hakar ma'adinai, electroplating, da kera sinadarai. Duk da haka, kasancewar abubuwa daban-daban masu shiga tsakani na iya yin tasiri sosai ga daidaito da amincin sakamakon titration. Fahimtar waɗannan tsangwama na gama gari yana da mahimmanci don samun bayanai masu inganci da aminci.

Ƙarfe ions a matsayin Abubuwan Tsangwama

Heavy Metal ions

Ion ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar jan ƙarfe (Cu²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), da nickel (Ni²⁺) na iya samar da hadaddun abubuwa masu ƙarfi tare da ions na cyanide . Misali, ions na jan ƙarfe suna amsawa da cyanide don samar da hadaddun cyanide na jan ƙarfe kamar [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ da [Cu(CN)₄]³⁻. Waɗannan halayen samuwar hadaddun abubuwa suna cinye ions na cyanide, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin kimanta ainihin abun ciki na Sodium Cyanide yayin titration. A cikin mafita na electroplating, waɗanda galibi suna ɗauke da jan ƙarfe da zinc tare da Sodium cyanide , wannan tsangwama za a iya bayyana shi musamman.

Iron Ions

Iron ions (Fe³⁺ da Fe²⁺) kuma na iya tsoma baki tare da titration na sodium cyanide. A cikin matsakaiciyar acidic, Fe³⁺ na iya amsawa tare da ions cyanide don samar da ƙarfe daban-daban - rukunin cyanide, irin su sanannun shuɗin Prussian - kamar mahadi. Wadannan halayen na iya cinye ions cyanide kuma su rushe stoichiometry na amsawar titration tsakanin ions na azurfa (wanda aka fi amfani dashi a cikin titration na cyanide) da ions cyanide. Bugu da ƙari, a gaban iskar oxygen, Fe²⁺ na iya zama oxidized zuwa Fe³⁺, yana ƙara dagula yanayin tsangwama.

Matsalolin Anionic

Sulfide ions

Sulfide ions (S²⁻) abubuwa ne na yau da kullun masu shiga tsakani a cikin titration na sodium cyanide. A cikin matsakaici na alkaline, idan sulfide yana nan, zai iya amsawa tare da ions hydrogen daga yanayin acidic da aka yi amfani da su a wasu hanyoyin titration (ko samar da iskar hydrogen sulfide wanda zai iya ƙara amsawa). Mafi mahimmanci, sulfide na iya amsawa tare da ions na azurfa (amfani da azurfa - nitrate - tushen cyanide titration) don samar da sulfide na azurfa (Ag₂S) hazo. Wannan ba wai kawai yana cinye ions na azurfa ba har ma yana rufe ƙarshen titration, saboda samuwar baƙar fata Ag₂S na iya tsoma baki tare da ganowar gani na azurfa - hadaddun cyanide - tushen ƙarshen.

Thiocyanate ions

Thiocyanate ions (SCN⁻) na iya kasancewa a matsayin tsangwama, musamman a cikin samfurori inda akwai wani gefe - amsawa ko gurɓatawa. ions na Thiocyanate na iya amsawa tare da ions na azurfa don samar da thiocyanate na azurfa (AgSCN) hazo. A cikin titration na sodium cyanide inda ake amfani da nitrate na azurfa a matsayin titrant, samuwar AgSCN na iya haifar da ƙima na abun ciki na cyanide idan ba a yi la'akari da shi yadda ya kamata ba, kamar yadda ions na azurfa ke cinyewa a cikin samuwar azurfa biyu - cyanide complexes da azurfa thiocyanate precipitate.

Sauran Abubuwa Masu Tsangwama

Abubuwan Halitta

Wasu sinadarai na halitta na iya yin katsalandan ga sinadarin sodium cyanide titration. Misali, wasu sinadarai na aldehydes da ketones na iya yin aiki tare da ions na cyanide a cikin wani abu da ke ƙara sinadarin nucleophilic a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai dacewa. Wannan abu yana cinye ions na cyanide kuma don haka yana shafar sakamakon titration. A cikin samfuran da aka samo daga ayyukan masana'antu inda akwai abubuwa na halitta, kamar a cikin wasu ruwan shara daga tsire-tsire masu sinadarai waɗanda zasu iya ƙunsar sodium cyanide da gurɓatattun abubuwa na halitta, ya kamata a yi la'akari da tsangwama daga waɗannan sinadarai na halitta.

Oxidizing da Rage Agents

Ma'aikatan Oxidizing na iya oxidize ions cyanide. Misali, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) na iya amsawa tare da ions cyanide don samar da ion cyanate (CNO⁻) ko wasu samfuran da aka lalata. Wannan haɓakar iskar oxygen ta rage adadin cyanide da ake samu don titration, yana haifar da ma'auni mara kyau na abun ciki na cyanide sodium. A gefe guda kuma, rage yawan wakilai na iya tsoma baki. Alal misali, abubuwa kamar sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) na iya amsawa tare da ions na azurfa a cikin azurfa - nitrate - tushen titration, rage su zuwa ƙarfe na azurfa ko ƙananan - oxidation - nau'in azurfa na jihar, wanda ke rushe tsarin titration na al'ada.

Kammalawa

A cikin nazarin sinadarin sodium cyanide titration , ions na ƙarfe, anions kamar sulfide da thiocyanate, mahadi na halitta, da kuma sinadaran oxidizing ko reducing su ne abubuwan da suka zama ruwan dare gama gari. Don samun sakamakon titration daidai, ya zama dole a ɗauki matakan da suka dace don kawar ko rage tasirin waɗannan tsangwama. Wannan na iya haɗawa da samfuran dabarun kafin magani kamar tacewa, cirewa, ko amfani da magungunan rufe fuska. Fahimtar waɗannan tsangwama shine mataki na farko don inganta daidaito da amincin nazarin titration na sodium cyanide a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu da na nazari daban-daban.