Menene Mafi kyawun Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Sodium Cyanide don Leaching na Zinare?

A masana'antar haƙar zinare, cirewar cyanide har yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su wajen fitar da zinare daga ma'adinai. Musamman, ana fifita sodium cyanide saboda ingancinsa, kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarancin farashi. Tabbatar da mafi kyawun yawan sodium cyanide yana da mahimmanci domin yana tasiri kai tsaye ga ingancin cire zinare, farashin aiki, da kuma la'akari da muhalli.

La'akari da ka'idar

A ka'ida, narkar da zinare a cikin ruwan cyanide yana biyo bayan wani takamaiman amsawar sinadarai. Domin kowace gram na zinare da za a narkar, ana buƙatar kimanin gram 0.92 na Sodium Cyanide bisa ga halayen lantarki. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin zahiri, ainihin yawan amfani da Sodium Cyanide ya fi yawa, sau da yawa sau 50 - 100 na adadin ka'idar.

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Mafi Kyau

Halayen Ore

1. Ilimin Ma'adinai na Zinariya : Nau'in ma'adanai na zinariya da ke cikin ma'adinan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Idan zinaren yana cikin tsari mai kyau, mai sauƙin niƙa, zai buƙaci wani nau'in cyanide daban idan aka kwatanta da zinaren da ke da alaƙa da ma'adanai na sulfide ko wasu kayan da ba sa jure wa ruwa. Misali, a wasu jijiyoyin quartz masu ɗauke da zinare, inda zinaren yake da 'yanci, ƙarancin yawan cyanide na iya isa.

2. Girman Barbashi da Ƙarfin Juyawa : Ƙananan ma'adanai masu laushi galibi suna da babban yanki na saman, wanda ke ba da damar yin hulɗa mai inganci tsakanin ruwan sodium cyanide da ƙwayoyin zinariya. Sakamakon haka, ƙarancin yawan cyanide na iya zama mai tasiri. Akasin haka, ma'adanai masu kauri na iya buƙatar ƙarin yawan amfani don tabbatar da cikakken cirewa. Bugu da ƙari, iskar da ƙwayoyin ma'adinai ke shiga tana shafar kwararar ruwan cyanide ta cikin ma'adinan, yana shafar yawan amfani da ake buƙata.

3. Kasancewar Wasu Karfe : Musamman jan ƙarfe yana yin tasiri sosai da sodium cyanide. Yana iya cinye adadi mai yawa na cyanide yayin aikin cirewa. Ga kowane gram na jan ƙarfe da aka narkar, yawanci ana buƙatar gram 2.3 zuwa 3.4 na cyanide. A cikin ma'adanai masu yawan jan ƙarfe, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin yawan sodium cyanide don tabbatar da cewa akwai isasshen cyanide don narkar da zinare. Sauran karafa kamar zinc, gubar, da baƙin ƙarfe suma suna iya shafar yawan cyanide, kodayake a ƙaramin mataki.

Yanayin Tsari

1. Matakin pH : pH na maganin leaching abu ne mai mahimmanci. Sodium cyanide yana hydrolyzes a cikin maganin, yana samar da hydrocyanic acid (HCN), wanda iskar gas ce mai guba sosai. Matsayin hydrolysis ya dogara da pH na maganin. A pH na 10.5, kashi 6.1% na hydrocyanic acid ne kawai ake samarwa, yayin da a pH na 9.0, ake samarwa kashi 67.1%. Don rage asarar cyanide ta hanyar hydrolysis da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton maganin cyanide, pH yawanci ana kiyaye shi tsakanin 11 zuwa 12 a cikin tsire-tsire na CIP na zinari (Carbon - in - Pulp). Wannan kuma yana da tasiri akan mafi kyawun yawan sodium cyanide, saboda yanayin alkaline na iya buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin taro don ingantaccen leaching na zinariya.

2. Narkewar Iskar Oxygen : Iskar Oxygen tana da mahimmanci don narke zinare a cikin maganin cyanide. Wannan amsawar tana buƙatar duka ions na cyanide (CN⁻) da oxygen (O₂). Matsakaicin narkewar iskar oxygen a zafin ɗaki da matsin lamba shine 8.2 mg/L. Idan yawan iskar oxygen da aka narke a cikin slurry bai wuce 4 mg/L ba, zai iya iyakance ƙimar narkewar zinare. A irin waɗannan yanayi, ana iya allurar iska a cikin slurry ko kuma a ƙara hydrogen peroxide don ƙara yawan iskar oxygen. Rabon iskar oxygen zuwa cyanide yana da mahimmanci; rashin daidaituwa na iya haifar da raguwar yawan leaching. Ganin cewa yawan iskar oxygen yana shafar tasirin amsawar, yana kuma shafar mafi kyawun yawan sodium cyanide. Babban yawan iskar oxygen na iya ba da damar rage yawan cyanide, kuma akasin haka.

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Mahimmanci a cikin Ayyuka

1. A cikin Tsarin CIP da CIL (Carbon - in - Leach) : A cikin da'irar CIP ko CIL ta yau da kullun, inda ma'adinin zinare yake cikin siffa mai laushi kuma ana amfani da Carbon don shanye zinaren da aka narkar, yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide gabaɗaya ana kiyaye shi a cikin kewayon 0.3 - 0.4 grams a kowace lita (0.03 - 0.04%). An gano cewa wannan kewayon yawan sinadarin yana da tasiri ga nau'ikan ma'adinai iri-iri a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, ga ma'adanai masu rikitarwa ko waɗanda ke da yawan ƙazanta, ana iya daidaita yawan sinadarin zuwa sama, wani lokacin yana kaiwa gram 0.6 - 0.8 a kowace lita (0.06 - 0.08%).

2. A cikin Ruwan Ma'adinai : Ana amfani da ruwan ma'adinai sau da yawa don ma'adanai masu kauri ko kuma lokacin da aka sarrafa ma'adinan a cikin rukuni-rukuni. A cikin wannan tsari, yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide yawanci ya fi girma, kusan gram 1.0 a kowace lita (0.1%). Mafi girman yawan ma'adinan yana rama ƙarancin yankin ƙasa na ƙwayoyin ma'adinan kuma yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa ruwan ma'adinan cyanide zai iya shiga ma'adinan ya kuma narkar da zinare yadda ya kamata.

3. Ga Tailings Cyanidation : Lokacin da ake cire tailings daga matakan sarrafawa na baya (kamar bayan rabuwar nauyi), yawan cyanide na iya bambanta dangane da sauran abun ciki na zinariya da yanayin tailings. Gabaɗaya, yawan cyanide na iya kasancewa daga 0.5 - 2 kg/t na ma'adinai, wanda, idan aka canza shi zuwa yawan maganin, zai iya kasancewa tsakanin gram 0.05 - 0.2 a kowace lita (0.005 - 0.02%). Ƙananan yawan ya isa sau da yawa domin an riga an riga an yi wa tailings magani, kuma sauran zinare ya fi sauƙi.

Tasirin Muhalli da Tsaro

Yayin da ake ƙayyade mafi kyawun ƙwayar sodium cyanide don leaching na zinari, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da yanayin muhalli da aminci. Cyanide abu ne mai guba sosai, kuma duk wani saki a cikin muhalli zai iya haifar da sakamako mai tsanani. Tsayar da hankali mai kyau ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen fitar da gwal mai inganci ba amma kuma yana rage yawan adadin cyanide wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin rafukan sharar gida. Bugu da ƙari, kulawa da kyau da adana sodium cyanide suna da mahimmanci don hana zubewar haɗari ko sakewa.

Kammalawa

Mafi kyawun kewayon yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide don cire zinari ya bambanta dangane da abubuwa da yawa, gami da halayen ma'adinai da yanayin aiki. Gabaɗaya, ga yawancin ayyukan cire zinari kamar CIP, CIL, da cire vat , yawan amfani yana tsakanin 0.03% - 0.1% (gram 0.3 - 1.0 a kowace lita). Duk da haka, ga kowane takamaiman jikin ma'adinai, ana ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje dalla-dalla, kamar naɗin kwalba da gwaje-gwajen ginshiƙi, don tantance mafi kyawun yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide da ya dace. Wannan zai tabbatar da matsakaicin dawo da zinari yayin da yake rage farashi da tasirin muhalli.