Menene matakai don cire sodium cyanide daga wutsiyar zinariya?

Gabatarwa

A cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, cyanide Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin aikin hakar saboda tasirin sa wajen narkar da zinare daga karama. Koyaya, kasancewar cyanide a cikin wutsiya yana haifar da haɗarin muhalli da aminci. A sakamakon haka, haɓakawa da aiwatar da ingantaccen aiki Cire Cyanide matakai suna da matuƙar mahimmanci. Wannan labarin yana bincika hanyoyin kawar da cyanide daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin magani Wutsiyar Zinariya, da nufin samar da cikakkiyar fahimtar dabarun da ake da su.

Hanyar chlorination na alkaline

{a'ida

Hanyar chlorination ta alkaline tana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su don cire cyanide. A cikin wannan hanyar, ana ƙara oxidants masu tushen chlorine zuwa slurry na wutsiya a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline. Chlorine yana amsawa da ions na cyanide (CN-) don samar da samfuran da ba su da guba. Wannan amsawar tana faruwa a manyan matakai biyu. A mataki na farko, ana haɗa cyanide zuwa cyanate (CNO-), kuma a mataki na biyu, ana ƙara canza cyanate zuwa iskar nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, da sauran abubuwa marasa lahani.

Abũbuwan amfãni

• High efficiency: Yana iya yadda ya kamata rage yawan adadin cyanide a cikin wutsiyar zinare don saduwa da iyakokin fitarwa na tsari.

• yadu M: Ya dace da nau'in wutsiya masu yawa tare da nau'i na cyanide daban-daban da abubuwan da aka tsara.

• To - Kafa Fasaha: An fahimci tsarin da kyau, kuma akwai ƙwarewar masana'antu mai yawa a cikin aikace-aikacensa.

disadvantages

• Lalata Reagents: Chlorine-based oxidants na iya zama mai lalacewa ga kayan aiki, wanda zai haifar da farashin kulawa mafi girma da kuma gajeren rayuwar kayan aiki.

• Mai guba By - samfurori: Yayin da ake amsawa, akwai haɗarin haifar da guba ta - samfurori irin su chlorine gas idan ba a sarrafa tsarin da kyau ba.

• Babban Amfanin Sinadari: Yana buƙatar in mun gwada da babban adadin chlorine-based oxidants, wanda zai iya ƙara farashin aiki.

Case Study

Wani ma'adinin zinari a cikinsa ya yi amfani da hanyar chlorination na alkaline don kula da cyanide - mai ɗauke da wutsiya. Ta hanyar a hankali sarrafa pH na slurry na wutsiya a kusa da 10 - 11 da ƙara adadin da ya dace na bleaching foda (wani nau'in chlorine na yau da kullum), an rage yawan abun ciki na cyanide a cikin wutsiya daga farkon taro na 200 mg / L zuwa ƙasa da 0.1 mg / L bayan jiyya. Wutsiyoyin da aka yi wa magani sun cika ka'idojin fitar da muhalli na gida.

Tsarin INCO (Sulfur Dioxide - Tsarin iska)

{a'ida

Tsarin INCO, wanda kuma aka sani da sulfur dioxide - tsarin iska, wata muhimmiyar fasahar kawar da cyanide ce. A cikin wannan tsari, ana shigar da sulfur dioxide da iska a cikin slurry wutsiya a gaban mai kara kuzari na jan karfe. Sulfur dioxide ya zama oxidized zuwa sulfate, kuma iskar oxygen a cikin iska yana taimakawa wajen iskar oxygenation na cyanide. Mai kara kuzari na jan karfe yana hanzarta saurin amsawa, yana juya cyanide zuwa carbon dioxide, nitrogen, da sauran abubuwa.

Abũbuwan amfãni

• Ƙananan Amfanin Sinadari: Idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin, yana buƙatar ƙarancin shigarwar sinadarai yayin da yake amfani da iska azaman tushen iskar oxygen.

• Rage Mai guba By - samfurori: Yana haifar da ƙarancin mai guba ta - samfuran idan aka kwatanta da chlorination na alkaline, yana mai da shi zaɓi mafi dacewa da muhalli.

• Farashin - Mai tasiri: Zai iya zama farashi - tasiri ga manyan ayyuka masu girma saboda ƙananan farashin sulfur dioxide da iska.

disadvantages

• Bukatun mai kara kuzari: Bukatar mai kara kuzari na jan karfe yana ƙara rikitarwa ga tsarin. Yana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa da hankali da mai kara kuzari, kuma asararsa ko kashewa na iya shafar ingancin tsari.

• pH Sensitivity: Tsarin yana kula da pH na slurry na wutsiya. Mafi kyawun yanayin pH yana buƙatar kiyayewa don ingantaccen cirewar cyanide, yawanci a cikin kewayon 8 - 9.

• Matsakaicin Ra'ayin Hankali: A dauki kudi ne in mun gwada da hankali idan aka kwatanta da wasu sauran hadawan abu da iskar shaka matakai, wanda zai iya bukatar ya fi girma dauki tasoshin da kuma tsawon zama sau.

Case Study

Babban aikin hakar gwal a cikin aiwatar da tsarin INCO. Ta hanyar shigar da tsarin mayar da martani na sadaukarwa don gabatar da sulfur dioxide da iska, da kuma kula da adadin kuzarin jan ƙarfe a hankali, sun sami damar rage ƙwayar cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyinsu daga 150 mg/L zuwa ƙasa da 50 mg/L. Wannan ya sadu da masana'antar - yarda da raunin acid dissociable (WAD) buƙatun matakin cyanide don zubar da wutsiya.

Hanyoyin Maganin Halittu

{a'ida

Maganin halitta na cyanide - mai ɗauke da wutsiyar zinare ya ƙunshi amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi. Wadannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya metabolize cyanide a matsayin tushen nitrogen ko carbon. Misali, wasu kwayoyin cuta na iya canza cyanide zuwa ammonia ta hanyar halayen enzymatic. Tsarin gabaɗaya shi ne rikiɗaɗɗen halayen halayen ƙwayoyin halitta inda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ke rushe ƙwayar cyanide a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin muhalli kamar zazzabi mai dacewa, pH, da wadatar abinci.

Abũbuwan amfãni

• Muhalli Aboki: Maganin halitta shine mafi ɗorewar zaɓi saboda baya gabatar da ƙarin sinadarai masu cutarwa a cikin muhalli.

• Maras tsada: Da zarar an kafa al'adun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, farashin aiki na iya zama kaɗan kaɗan kamar yadda ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya yin kwafi da amfani da abubuwan gina jiki na halitta.

• Zaɓan Magani: Wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya zaɓar cyanide, suna barin sauran ma'adanai masu mahimmanci a cikin wutsiya ba tare da damuwa ba.

disadvantages

• Slow Tsari: Hanyoyin Halittu gabaɗaya suna da saurin amsawa a hankali idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin iskar oxygenation. Wannan na iya buƙatar manyan ma'auni na bioreactors da kuma tsawon lokacin jiyya.

• Hankali ga Yanayin Muhalli: Microorganisms suna da matukar damuwa ga canje-canje a yanayin zafi, pH, da kasancewar wasu abubuwa masu guba a cikin wutsiya. Ko da ɗan bambance-bambancen na iya rushe ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ya rage tasirin cirewar cyanide.

• Complexity na farawa: Ƙaddamar da ingantaccen al'adun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don lalata cyanide na iya zama ƙalubale. Yana buƙatar zaɓi na hankali da haɓaka daidaitattun ƙwayoyin cuta.

Case Study

Wani ma'adinin zinari a cikin gwaji tare da tsarin kula da halittu. Sun yi amfani da na'urar halitta na musamman da aka ƙera cike da haɗin gwiwar cyanide - ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalata. Bayan aiki na dogon lokaci da ci gaba da inganta yanayin muhalli a cikin bioreactor, sun sami damar rage ƙwayar cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyi daga 80 MG / L zuwa kusan 10 mg / L. Koyaya, wannan tsari yana buƙatar watanni da yawa na farawa da daidaitawa don cimma daidaiton aiki.

Tsarin Wanke Tailings da Tsare Tafki (WPS).

{a'ida

Tsarin WPS ya ƙunshi manyan matakai guda biyu: wutsiya slurry wankin da kandami ko tube tanki na cyanide. A cikin matakin wanke-wanke, ana amfani da kauri - mai girma na yanzu - masu kauri don wanke wutsiyar wutsiya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen cire babban adadin cyanide - dauke da bayani daga wutsiya. Magudanar ruwa mai kauri, wanda ya ƙunshi cyanide, sai a sa shi a cikin tafki ko tanki. A cikin tsarin cirewa, cyanide - wadataccen bayani yana nunawa ga iska ko wasu ma'aikatan cirewa. Cyanide, a cikin nau'i na iskar hydrogen cyanide, an cire shi daga maganin kuma za'a iya dawo da shi ko kuma a kara magani. Za a iya sake yin amfani da ruwan da aka cire zuwa matakin wankewa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa ma'aunin ruwa.

Abũbuwan amfãni

• Farfadowa Albarkatu: Tsarin yana ba da damar dawo da cyanide, wanda za'a iya sake yin amfani da shi zuwa tsarin leaching, rage yawan amfani da cyanide a cikin ma'adinan.

• Gudanar ruwa: Ta hanyar sake yin amfani da ruwan da aka cire, yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa ma'auni na ruwa a cikin aikin hakar ma'adinai, rage buƙatar shan ruwa mai kyau da kuma rage yawan zubar da ruwa.

• Yin Amfani da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Da Aka Yi: Tsarin WPS na iya sau da yawa amfani da kayan aikin shuka da ake da su kamar masu kauri da sarrafa tafkunan ruwa, rage buƙatar manyan saka hannun jari.

disadvantages

• Complexity a Aiki: Tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa kuma yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali na sigogi kamar ingancin wankewa, ƙimar cirewa, da ƙimar sake amfani da ruwa.

• Ingantaccen farfadowa da Cyanide: Ingancin Cyanide farfadowa da na'ura na iya shafar abubuwan da suka haɗa da ƙaddamarwar cyanide na farko a cikin wutsiya, ingancin aikin wankewa da cirewa, da kuma kasancewar wasu abubuwa masu shiga tsakani.

• Wari da Damuwar Tsaro: Tsarin tsiro na iya sakin iskar hydrogen cyanide, wanda ke da wari mai ƙarfi kuma yana da guba sosai. Dole ne a samar da matakan tsaro da suka dace don hana kwararar iskar gas da tabbatar da amincin ma'aikata.

Case Study

Kamfanin hakar gwal a cikin aiwatar da tsarin WPS. Ta hanyar sake fasalin abubuwan da suke da su don ingantaccen wankewa da kuma gina wani tafki mai rufi don cirewar cyanide, sun sami damar samun nasarar dawo da cyanide har zuwa 70%. Cyanide da aka gano an yi nasarar sake yin amfani da su zuwa da'irar leaching, tare da rage farashin siyan cyanide da yawa.

Kammalawa

Cire cyanide daga wutsiyar zinare yana da mahimmanci don kare muhalli da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai masu dorewa. Kowane tsarin kawar da cyanide da aka tattauna, gami da alkaline chlorination, tsarin INCO, jiyya na ilimin halitta, da tsarin WPS, yana da fa'idodi da rashin amfanin sa na musamman. Zaɓin tsarin da ya fi dacewa ya dogara da dalilai daban-daban kamar ƙaddamarwar cyanide na farko a cikin wutsiyoyi, abubuwan da ke tattare da wutsiya, abubuwan da ke samuwa, da farashi - nazarin fa'ida. A yawancin lokuta, ana iya buƙatar haɗin waɗannan hanyoyin don cimma mafi inganci da farashi - cirewar cyanide mai tasiri. Yayin da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ke ci gaba da fuskantar karuwar binciken muhalli, ci gaba da bincike da haɓaka fasahohin kawar da cyanide za su kasance da mahimmanci don tabbatar da tsafta da ci gaba mai dorewa.