Nazari na Gwaji akan Hanyoyin Magani na Cyanide-Poor Liquid a cikin Ma'adinan Zinare

Gabatarwa

A cikin zinariya ma'adinai masana'antu, da lura da cyanide- ruwa mara kyau yana da mahimmanci. Cyanide-malauci ruwa, kamar bayani bayan hakar zinariya a cikin tsarin cyanidation, ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, musamman ma'adanai na cyanide, wanda zai iya haifar da mummunar gurɓataccen muhalli idan ba a kula da shi yadda ya kamata ba. Saboda haka, haɓaka ingantaccen aiki da tsada Hanyoyin magani ga ruwa mai talauci na cyanide aiki ne na gaggawa. Wannan shafin yanar gizon yana mai da hankali kan binciken gwaji na hanyoyin jiyya ga cyanide-malakin ruwa a cikin wani takamaiman Zinariya tawa, da nufin samar da bayanai masu mahimmanci da nassoshi ga masana'antu.

Bayanin Hanyoyin Maganin Liquid Cyanide-Malau

Gabaɗaya, hanyoyin maganin cyanide-talakawa ruwa za a iya kasu kusan kashi biyu: hanyoyin tsarkakewa da hanyoyin farfadowa (sabuntawa).

Hanyoyin Tsarkakewa

1.Alkali-Chlorine Oxidation Hanyar

• Wannan hanya ce ta balagagge don lalata cyanides a cikin ruwan sharar gida kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsire-tsire masu amfani da lantarki, tsire-tsire na coking, da tsire-tsire masu narkewar gwal. A karkashin yanayin pH 11-12. Cyanides kuma ana haɗa ions ɗin ƙarfe masu rikitarwa a cikin ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da cyanide zuwa cyanates, sannan a ƙara chlorine a karo na biyu don ya yi musu oxidizing zuwa cikin Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, da sauransu.

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Tsarin yana da ɗanɗano balagagge, tare da sakamako mai kyau na magani da aikace-aikace mai faɗi. Ana iya sarrafa tsarin jiyya cikin sauƙi.

• disadvantages: Ba za a iya sake yin amfani da Cyanide ba, farashin magani yana da yawa, kuma ba zai iya cire gine-ginen ƙarfe-cyanide ba. Akwai kuma matsalar gurbacewar muhalli.

2.Sulfur Dioxide - Hanyar Oxidation na iska

• A cikin akwati da aka zuga, ana ƙara ruwan sharar gida, kuma ana shigar da iska da SO₂ (ruwa ko gas, ko maganin sulfite, ko samu ta hanyar ƙonewa na sulfur). Ana sarrafa pH a 7 - 10. kuma ana amfani da lemun tsami don kawar da acid da aka haifar a lokacin da ake yin iskar oxygenation. Halin yana buƙatar kasancewar jan ƙarfe mai narkewa (a matsayin mai haɓakawa).

• Hanyar inco-SO₂/iska iskar shaka na iya lalata duk cyanides, gami da baƙin ƙarfe-cyanides, da baƙin ƙarfe-cyanides ana iya haɗewa da cire su ta amfani da wasu amintattu masu rahusa.

3.Hanyar hydrogen peroxide

• Wannan tsari ya dace don magance ƙananan - maida hankali na cyanide mai dauke da ruwa mai tsabta. Hydrogen peroxide zai iya oxidize cyanide a cikin wutsiya zuwa cikin ingantacciyar cyanic acid mai rauni da sauƙi mai sauƙi (HCNO), wanda sai a cire shi ta hanyar ƙarin oxidation da hydrolysis.

4.Ozone Oxidation Hanyar

• Ozone ne mai karfi oxidizing wakili. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don magance ruwan datti mai ɗauke da cyanide, ya fi cikakke fiye da hanyar alkali-chlorine oxidation, tare da mafi kyawun cirewar cyanide. Bayan ozonation, narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin ruwan sharar gida yana ƙaruwa, wanda za'a iya mayar da shi zuwa tsarin cyanidation don sake yin amfani da shi, yana sauƙaƙe narkar da zinariya da kuma inganta aikin leaching na zinariya.

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Aiki yana da sauƙi kuma mai dacewa, mai sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma matakin sarrafa kayan aiki yana da girma. Ana iya samar da Ozone a kan - site, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire na cyanidation tare da sufuri marasa dacewa amma isasshen wutar lantarki. Ingantaccen aikin tsarkakewa yana da girma, kuma ba a haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ba.

• disadvantages: Yin amfani da wutar lantarki don samar da ozone yana da girma, kuma farashin samarwa yana da yawa, wanda ke iyakance aikace-aikacensa mai fadi.

5.Electrolytic Oxidation Hanyar

• Kafin electrolysis, da farko daidaita pH na cyanide-poor ruwa zuwa> 7. ƙara ɗan ƙaramin gishiri, yi amfani da graphite azaman anode da farantin titanium azaman cathode, kuma amfani da jan ƙarfe na alkaline - maganin ruwa na zinc azaman electrolyte. Lokacin da aka wuce kai tsaye, ana samar da ƙarfe na ƙarfe da zinc a cathode, kuma ana samar da hydrogen. A anode, CN⁻ an oxidized cikin CNO⁻, CO₂, N₂, kuma Cl⁻ an oxidized cikin Cl₂, kuma Cl₂ ya shiga cikin bayani don samar da HClO.

6.Tsarin Oxidation Microbial

• Wannan hanyar tana amfani da kaddarorin sinadarai na ƙwayoyin cuta don lalata cyanide, thiocyanates, da baƙin ƙarfe-cyanides, samar da ammonia, carbon dioxide, da sulfates, ko hydrolyzing cyanides zuwa formamide. A lokaci guda, ƙwayoyin cuta suna adsorb ions na ƙarfe mai nauyi, yana sa su fadi tare da biofilm kuma a cire su.

• Muhimmin Siffa: Ana buƙatar kiyaye zafin jiki sama da 10 ℃ a kowane lokaci don kula da ƙimar cirewar cyanide mai ma'ana.

Hanyoyin Farfadowa (Sake Faruwa).

1.Acidification Hanyar

• Babban ka'idar wannan hanyar ita ce ƙara sulfuric acid zuwa ruwa mai ɗauke da cyanide, daidaita pH zuwa kusan 1.5. kuma canza CN⁻ zuwa HCN. Ana shigar da iskar HCN da ta kuɓuta a cikin abin sha kuma ana shayar da ita ta hanyar maganin alkaline (sodium hydroxide ko calcium hydroxide solution) don samun maganin cyanide 20% - 30%, wanda za'a iya sake yin amfani da shi.

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Wannan tsari na iya kara yawan farfadowa na cyanides, inganta ingantaccen amfani da cyanides, da rage yawan farashin samarwa.

• disadvantages: Kudin zuba jari na lokaci ɗaya yana da girma, tsarin tafiyar yana da wahala, kuma yana da wahala ga ragowar ruwa mai ɗauke da cyanide da aka kula don saduwa da ƙa'idodin fitarwa.

2.Ion Musanya Hanyar

• A cikin maganin cyanide-matakin ruwa, ana iya amfani da resins na musayar ion don wadatar da cyanides.

3.Adsorption Hanyar

• Kunnawa Carbon Adsorption: Shakar ruwa Carbon aiki Yawanci ya dogara ne akan ramukan ciki da yawa da kuma babban yanki na saman. Tsarin shaye-shaye ya haɗa da shaye-shaye na zahiri da shaye-shaye na sinadarai. Cire cyanide galibi yana da hanyoyi uku: shaye-shaye, shaye-shaye, da kuma cirewa. Babban tsari shine amsawar rushewar oxidative na cyanide a cikin ruwan shara mai ɗauke da cyanide tare da hydrogen peroxide akan saman carbon da aka kunna.

4.Hanyar Magani

• Ana amfani da abubuwan narkewa don fitar da abubuwa masu mahimmanci da cyanides daga ruwa mara kyau na cyanide.

5.Hanyar Maganin Ruwa

• A cikin maganin cyanide-talakawa ruwa, ana amfani da tsarin mai - a cikin ruwa. Babban ƙa'idar ita ce: na farko, acidify ruwan datti mai ɗauke da cyanide don canza ion cyanide da ke cikinsa zuwa HCN. HCN yana wucewa ta cikin mai - membrane ruwa na ruwa zuwa cikin ruwa na ciki sannan ya amsa tare da NaOH don samar da NaCN.

6.Hanyar Electrodialysis

• Wannan hanya tana amfani da filin lantarki don fitar da ƙaura na ions ta hanyar ion - musayar membranes don cimma rabuwa da dawo da abubuwa.

Nazarin Gwaji akan Ruwan Ma'adinan Zinare na Cyanide-Malauci

Bayanan Gwajin

Ruwan cyanide-talakawa na wani ma'adanin gwal yana da babban abun ciki na cyanide na musamman, wanda ya kai 13000mg/L. Irin wannan babban - maida hankali na cyanide - dauke da ruwan sha yana haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli kuma yana buƙatar magani mai mahimmanci.

Hanyoyin Gwaji

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Hanyar Adsorption

• A cikin wannan hanyar, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) da chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) ana fara amfani da su azaman oxidants don oxidize da cyanide a cikin cyanide - ruwa mara kyau. Bayan haka, ana aiwatar da adsorption na carbon (C) da aka kunna don ƙara cire sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa.

2.Three - Stage Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Mai kara kuzari "M") + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Hanyar

• Uku - Stage Oxidation: Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) da kuma takamaiman mai kara kuzari "M" ana amfani da su uku - mataki hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Wannan shi ne don tabbatar da ƙarin iskar oxygenation na mahaɗan cyanide daban-daban, gami da hadaddun cyanide.

• Chlorination Aeration: Bayan oxidation mataki uku, chlorination aeration ne da za'ayi. Ana shigar da Chlorine a cikin ruwa yayin da ake fitar da iska, wanda zai iya ƙara oxidize sauran abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da cyanide da wasu gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu.

• C Adsorption: A ƙarshe, ana amfani da adsorption na carbon da aka kunna don ƙaddamar da ragowar lafiya - gurɓataccen ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cyanide.

Sakamakon Gwaji da Kwatanta

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Hanyar Adsorption

• Wannan hanyar ta sami wani takamaiman matakin cire cyanide, amma jimillar cyanide na ƙarshe a cikin ruwan da aka jiyya har yanzu yana da girma, ya kasa cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin fitarwa na ƙasa.

2.Three - Stage Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Mai kara kuzari "M") + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Hanyar

• Wannan hanyar ta nuna sakamako mai gamsarwa. An rage jimlar cyanide na ƙarshe zuwa 0.44mg/L, wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin fitarwa na ƙasa. Bugu da kari, abubuwan da ke cikin sauran karafa masu nauyi kuma sun cika ka'idojin daidaitattun ka'idojin kasa.

• Kudin - Tasiri: A cikin sharuddan farashin, ko da yake uku - mataki hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari tare da mai kara kuzari da kuma ƙarin chlorination aeration na bukatar karin hadaddun ayyuka da kuma yin amfani da wasu masu kara kuzari da chlorine, gaba ɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da wasu sauran overly hadaddun ko high - kudin hanyoyin, da kudin ne in mun gwada da m. Yana iya magance babban - maida hankali cyanide - rashin ruwa mara kyau yayin sarrafa farashi a cikin kewayon yarda.

Kammalawa

Maganin cyanide - ruwa mara kyau a cikin ma'adinan gwal abu ne mai rikitarwa amma aiki mai mahimmanci. Ta hanyar gwajin gwaji a kan cyanide - rashin ruwa mara kyau na wani ma'adinan zinari, ana iya ganin cewa hanyoyin magani daban-daban suna da nasu amfani da rashin amfani. Uku - mataki hadawan abu da iskar shaka (H₂O₂ + mai kara kuzari “M”) + chlorination aeration + C adsorption Hanyar nuna in mun gwada da manufa magani effects da kuma tsada - tasiri ga cyanide - matalauta ruwa tare da babban cyanide abun ciki a cikin wannan zinariya mine. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ci gaba da bincike da haɓakawa a nan gaba don samar da ingantacciyar hanya, farashi mai inganci, da hanyoyin kula da muhalli don dacewa da buƙatun kare muhalli da ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal.