Nazari na Gwaji akan Hanyoyin Magani na Cyanide-Poor Liquid a cikin Ma'adinan Zinare

Gabatarwa

A masana'antar haƙar zinare, maganin ruwan cyanide mara kyau yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Ruwan cyanide mara kyau, kamar maganin bayan cire zinare a cikin tsarin cyanidation, ya ƙunshi gurɓatattun abubuwa daban-daban, musamman mahaɗan cyanide, waɗanda za su iya haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli mai tsanani idan ba a yi maganin da ya dace ba. Saboda haka, haɓaka hanyoyin magani masu inganci da araha ga ruwan cyanide mara kyau aiki ne na gaggawa. Wannan rubutun shafin yanar gizo ya mayar da hankali kan nazarin gwaje-gwajen hanyoyin magani ga ruwan cyanide mara kyau a cikin wani ma'adinan Zinare , da nufin samar da fahimta da nassoshi masu mahimmanci ga masana'antar.

Bayanin Hanyoyin Maganin Liquid Cyanide-Malau

Gabaɗaya, hanyoyin maganin cyanide-talakawa ruwa za a iya kasu kusan kashi biyu: hanyoyin tsarkakewa da hanyoyin farfadowa (sabuntawa).

Hanyoyin Tsarkakewa

1.Alkali-Chlorine Oxidation Hanyar

• Wannan hanya ce mai kyau ta lalata cyanides a cikin ruwan shara kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin shuke-shuken lantarki, shuke-shuken coking, da shuke-shuken narkar da zinariya. A ƙarƙashin yanayin pH 11 - 12. Ana haɗa cyanides da ions ɗin ƙarfe masu rikitarwa a cikin ruwan shara mai ɗauke da cyanide zuwa cyanates, sannan a ƙara chlorine a karo na biyu don ya zama oxidized zuwa Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, da sauransu.

• Ribobi : Tsarin yana da ɗan girma, tare da kyakkyawan tasirin magani da kuma amfani da shi sosai. Tsarin maganin yana iya zama mai sarrafa kansa cikin sauƙi.

• Rashin Amfani : Ba za a iya sake amfani da Cyanide ba, farashin magani yana da yawa, kuma ba zai iya cire hadaddun ƙarfe da cyanide ba. Akwai kuma matsalar gurɓataccen abu na biyu.

2.Sulfur Dioxide - Hanyar Oxidation na iska

• A cikin akwati da aka zuga, ana ƙara ruwan sharar gida, kuma ana shigar da iska da SO₂ (ruwa ko gas, ko maganin sulfite, ko samu ta hanyar ƙonewa na sulfur). Ana sarrafa pH a 7 - 10. kuma ana amfani da lemun tsami don kawar da acid da aka haifar a lokacin da ake yin iskar oxygenation. Halin yana buƙatar kasancewar jan ƙarfe mai narkewa (a matsayin mai haɓakawa).

• Hanyar inco-SO₂/iska iskar shaka na iya lalata duk cyanides, gami da baƙin ƙarfe-cyanides, da baƙin ƙarfe-cyanides ana iya haɗewa da cire su ta amfani da wasu amintattu masu rahusa.

3.Hanyar hydrogen peroxide

• Wannan tsari ya dace don magance ƙananan - maida hankali na cyanide mai dauke da ruwa mai tsabta. Hydrogen peroxide zai iya oxidize cyanide a cikin wutsiya zuwa cikin ingantacciyar cyanic acid mai rauni da sauƙi mai sauƙi (HCNO), wanda sai a cire shi ta hanyar ƙarin oxidation da hydrolysis.

4.Ozone Oxidation Hanyar

• Ozone ne mai karfi oxidizing wakili. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don magance ruwan datti mai ɗauke da cyanide, ya fi cikakke fiye da hanyar alkali-chlorine oxidation, tare da mafi kyawun cirewar cyanide. Bayan ozonation, narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin ruwan sharar gida yana ƙaruwa, wanda za'a iya mayar da shi zuwa tsarin cyanidation don sake yin amfani da shi, yana sauƙaƙe narkar da zinariya da kuma inganta aikin leaching na zinariya.

• Ribobi : Aikin yana da sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma matakin samar da atomatik yana da yawa. Ana iya samar da Ozone a wurin, wanda ke da matuƙar muhimmanci ga masana'antun cyanidation waɗanda ke da sauƙin jigilar kaya amma suna da isasshen wutar lantarki. Ingancin tsarkakewa yana da yawa, kuma ba a haifar da gurɓataccen abu na biyu ba.

• Rashin Amfani : Yawan wutar lantarki da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da sinadarin ozone yana da yawa, kuma farashin samarwa yana da yawa, wanda hakan ke takaita yawan amfani da shi.

5.Electrolytic Oxidation Hanyar

• Kafin electrolysis, da farko daidaita pH na cyanide-poor ruwa zuwa> 7. ƙara ɗan ƙaramin gishiri, yi amfani da graphite azaman anode da farantin titanium azaman cathode, kuma amfani da jan ƙarfe na alkaline - maganin ruwa na zinc azaman electrolyte. Lokacin da aka wuce kai tsaye, ana samar da ƙarfe na ƙarfe da zinc a cathode, kuma ana samar da hydrogen. A anode, CN⁻ an oxidized cikin CNO⁻, CO₂, N₂, kuma Cl⁻ an oxidized cikin Cl₂, kuma Cl₂ ya shiga cikin bayani don samar da HClO.

6.Tsarin Oxidation Microbial

• Wannan hanyar tana amfani da kaddarorin sinadarai na ƙwayoyin cuta don lalata cyanide, thiocyanates, da baƙin ƙarfe-cyanides, samar da ammonia, carbon dioxide, da sulfates, ko hydrolyzing cyanides zuwa formamide. A lokaci guda, ƙwayoyin cuta suna adsorb ions na ƙarfe mai nauyi, yana sa su fadi tare da biofilm kuma a cire su.

• Muhimmin fasali : Ana buƙatar kiyaye zafin jiki sama da 10℃ a kowane lokaci don kiyaye ƙimar cire cyanide mai ma'ana.

Hanyoyin Farfadowa (Sake Faruwa).

1.Acidification Hanyar

• Babban ka'idar wannan hanyar ita ce ƙara sulfuric acid zuwa ruwa mai ɗauke da cyanide, daidaita pH zuwa kusan 1.5. kuma canza CN⁻ zuwa HCN. Ana shigar da iskar HCN da ta kuɓuta a cikin abin sha kuma ana shayar da ita ta hanyar maganin alkaline (sodium hydroxide ko calcium hydroxide solution) don samun maganin cyanide 20% - 30%, wanda za'a iya sake yin amfani da shi.

• Ribobi : Wannan tsari zai iya inganta farfadowar cyanides, inganta ingantaccen amfani da cyanides, da kuma rage farashin samarwa.

• Rashin Amfani : Kudin saka hannun jari na lokaci ɗaya yana da yawa, tsarin aikin yana da sarkakiya, kuma yana da wuya ruwan da ke ɗauke da cyanide da aka yi wa magani ya cika ƙa'idodin fitar da ruwa.

2.Ion Musanya Hanyar

• A cikin maganin cyanide-matakin ruwa, ana iya amfani da resins na musayar ion don wadatar da cyanides.

3.Adsorption Hanyar

• Shakar Carbon Mai Aiki : Shakar Carbon Mai Aiki ya dogara ne akan ramukan ciki da yawa da kuma babban yanki na saman. Tsarin shakar ya haɗa da shakar jiki da shakar sinadarai. Cire cyanide galibi yana da hanyoyi uku: shakar iska, shakar ruwa, da cirewa. Babban tsari shine amsawar rushewar oxidative na cyanide a cikin ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da cyanide tare da hydrogen peroxide akan saman carbon mai aiki.

4.Hanyar Magani

• Ana amfani da abubuwan narkewa don fitar da abubuwa masu mahimmanci da cyanides daga ruwa mara kyau na cyanide.

5.Hanyar Maganin Ruwa

• A cikin maganin cyanide-talakawa ruwa, ana amfani da tsarin mai - a cikin ruwa. Babban ƙa'idar ita ce: na farko, acidify ruwan datti mai ɗauke da cyanide don canza ion cyanide da ke cikinsa zuwa HCN. HCN yana wucewa ta cikin mai - membrane ruwa na ruwa zuwa cikin ruwa na ciki sannan ya amsa tare da NaOH don samar da NaCN.

6.Hanyar Electrodialysis

• Wannan hanya tana amfani da filin lantarki don fitar da ƙaura na ions ta hanyar ion - musayar membranes don cimma rabuwa da dawo da abubuwa.

Nazarin Gwaji akan Ruwan Ma'adinan Zinare na Cyanide-Malauci

Bayanan Gwajin

Ruwan cyanide-talakawa na wani ma'adanin gwal yana da babban abun ciki na cyanide na musamman, wanda ya kai 13000mg/L. Irin wannan babban - maida hankali na cyanide - dauke da ruwan sha yana haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli kuma yana buƙatar magani mai mahimmanci.

Hanyoyin Gwaji

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Hanyar Adsorption

• A cikin wannan hanyar, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) da chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) ana fara amfani da su azaman oxidants don oxidize da cyanide a cikin cyanide - ruwa mara kyau. Bayan haka, ana aiwatar da adsorption na carbon (C) da aka kunna don ƙara cire sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa.

2.Three - Stage Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Mai kara kuzari "M") + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Hanyar

• Oxidation na Mataki Uku : Ana amfani da hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) da wani takamaiman mai kara kuzari "M" don oxidation na matakai uku. Wannan don tabbatar da cikakken oxidation na mahaɗan cyanide daban-daban, gami da cyanide masu rikitarwa.

• Aeration na Chlorine : Bayan an yi oxidation na matakai uku, ana yin aeration na chlorine. Ana shigar da Chlorine cikin ruwa yayin da ake yin aeration, wanda zai iya ƙara oxidize sauran abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da cyanide da wasu gurɓatattun abubuwa masu ragewa.

• C Adsorption : A ƙarshe, ana amfani da kunna carbon adsorption don shaye sauran ƙananan gurɓatattun abubuwa da duk wani abu da ya shafi cyanide don cimma burin tsarkake cyanide - ruwa mara kyau.

Sakamakon Gwaji da Kwatanta

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Hanyar Adsorption

• Wannan hanyar ta sami wani takamaiman matakin cire cyanide, amma jimillar cyanide na ƙarshe a cikin ruwan da aka jiyya har yanzu yana da girma, ya kasa cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin fitarwa na ƙasa.

2.Three - Stage Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Mai kara kuzari "M") + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Hanyar

• Wannan hanyar ta nuna sakamako mai gamsarwa. An rage jimlar cyanide na ƙarshe zuwa 0.44mg/L, wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin fitarwa na ƙasa. Bugu da kari, abubuwan da ke cikin sauran karafa masu nauyi kuma sun cika ka'idojin daidaitattun ka'idojin kasa.

• Farashi - Inganci : Dangane da farashi, kodayake tsarin hadawa mai matakai uku tare da mai kara kuzari da ƙarin iskar chlorination yana buƙatar ayyuka masu rikitarwa da kuma amfani da wasu masu kara kuzari da chlorine, gabaɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyi masu rikitarwa ko masu tsada, farashin yana da ma'ana. Zai iya magance ruwa mai yawan cyanide mai yawa yayin da yake sarrafa farashi a cikin iyaka mai dacewa.

Kammalawa

Maganin cyanide - ruwa mara kyau a cikin ma'adinan gwal abu ne mai rikitarwa amma aiki mai mahimmanci. Ta hanyar gwajin gwaji a kan cyanide - rashin ruwa mara kyau na wani ma'adinan zinari, ana iya ganin cewa hanyoyin magani daban-daban suna da nasu amfani da rashin amfani. Uku - mataki hadawan abu da iskar shaka (H₂O₂ + mai kara kuzari “M”) + chlorination aeration + C adsorption Hanyar nuna in mun gwada da manufa magani effects da kuma tsada - tasiri ga cyanide - matalauta ruwa tare da babban cyanide abun ciki a cikin wannan zinariya mine. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ci gaba da bincike da haɓakawa a nan gaba don samar da ingantacciyar hanya, farashi mai inganci, da hanyoyin kula da muhalli don dacewa da buƙatun kare muhalli da ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal.