Aikace-aikacen Sodium Cyanide a matsayin Maƙarƙashiyar Copper a cikin Ma'adinan Copper-Molybdenum

Gabatarwa

A cikin hadadden tsari na fa'idar jan ƙarfe-molybdenum tama, ingantaccen rabuwar jan ƙarfe da ma'adinan molybdenum yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙimar tattalin arzikin ma'adinan. Sodium cyanide An daɗe ana amfani da shi azaman mai ɓacin rai mai ƙarfi a cikin tsarin flotation don hana ma'adinan jan ƙarfe da zaɓaɓɓu, yana ba da damar fifikon flotation na molybdenum. Wannan labarin yana zurfafa cikin aikace-aikacen Sodium cyanide a cikin wani takamaiman ma'adinan jan ƙarfe-molybdenum, bincika tsarin aikin sa, aiwatar da aiwatarwa, da ƙalubalen da mafita waɗanda ke tattare da amfani da shi.

Aiki Mechanism na Sodium Cyanide a matsayin Mai Bacin rai

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yana da matukar tasiri ga ma'adanai na sulfide irin su chalcopyrite (tamar jan karfe). A cikin tsarin flotation. sodium Cyanide dissociates a cikin ruwa don saki cyanide ions (CN⁻). Wadannan ions cyanide zasu iya amsawa da ions karfe a saman ma'adinan jan karfe. Misali, tare da chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂), ions cyanide na iya samar da barga na ƙarfe-cyanide hadaddun. Ana iya wakilta martanin kamar haka:

CuFeS₂ + 4CN⁻ → Cu(CN)₄²⁻ + FeS₂ + 2e⁻

Wannan dauki yadda ya kamata na narkar da jan karfe ions a saman chalcopyrite, forming hydrophilic Layer na jan karfe-cyanide complexes. A sakamakon haka, saman ma'adinan jan karfe ya zama ƙasa da hydrophobic, yana rage ikonsa don haɗawa da kumfa na iska a cikin tantanin halitta. Sabanin haka, molybdenite (MoS₂), babban ma'adinai mai ɗaukar molybdenum, ba shi da ɗanɗano zuwa ions na cyanide a ƙarƙashin yanayin flotation na al'ada. Molybdenite yana da yanayin hydrophobic na halitta saboda tsarin da aka yi da shi, wanda ke ba shi damar yin iyo cikin sauƙi ta hanyar mai tattarawa da kumfa na iska a cikin tsarin flotation yayin da ma'adinan jan karfe suna tawayar ta. sodium cyanide.

Nazarin Harka: Copper-Molybdenum Mine

Halayen Ore

Ma'adinan jan ƙarfe-molybdenum yana da jikin tama tare da hadadden ma'adinai. Babban ma'adanai na jan karfe sune chalcopyrite da bornite, yayin da molybdenum yafi kasancewa a matsayin molybdenite. Ma'adinan yawanci ya ƙunshi matsakaicin 0.8% jan ƙarfe da 0.03% molybdenum. Girman girman rabon ma'adinan shima ya bambanta, tare da wasu ma'adanai masu kyau waɗanda ke haifar da ƙalubale don ingantaccen rabuwa.

Gudun Tsarin Ruwa

1.Bulk Flotation Stage

• A cikin matakin farko na tsarin flotation, ana amfani da hanyar tuki mai girma. Ana ƙara mai tarawa kamar sodium isopropyl xanthate zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara don taso kan ma'adanai na jan karfe da molybdenum tare. Wannan yana samar da babban adadin jan ƙarfe-molybdenum. Manufar wannan mataki shine don wadatar da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci daga ma'adinan gangue.

2.Separation Flotation Stage

• Bayan daɗaɗɗen iyo, ana ƙara sarrafa yawan abubuwan da aka tattara a cikin matakin rabuwa. Ana ƙara sodium cyanide zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara a wannan mataki. Ana sarrafa ƙarin adadin sodium cyanide a hankali bisa la'akari da abun ciki na jan karfe a cikin babban taro da tasirin rabuwa da ake so. Yawanci, sashi ya bambanta daga 300 - 500 grams a kowace ton na babban taro.

• Sa'an nan kuma an daidaita ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin jerin tankuna na kwandishan don tabbatar da daidaitattun rarraba sodium cyanide da kuma tasiri mai tasiri tare da ma'adanai na jan karfe. Bayan sharadi, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana shiga sel masu iyo. A cikin sel flotation, ma'adinan jan ƙarfe masu rauni suna nutsewa zuwa ƙasa a matsayin wutsiya, yayin da molybdenite ke yawo a sama tare da taimakon kumfa na iska kuma ana tattara su azaman molybdenum maida hankali.

3.Molybdenum Tsabtace Matakan

• Matsakaicin molybdenum da aka samu daga keɓewar flotation ana ƙara sarrafa shi ta matakai da yawa na tsaftace ruwa. A cikin waɗannan matakan tsaftacewa, ana iya ƙara ƙarin reagents don ƙara haɓaka tsabtar tattarawar molybdenum. Wutsiyoyi daga matakan tsaftacewa yawanci ana sake yin fa'ida zuwa wurin da ya dace a cikin rarrabuwa ko tsari mai yawa don haɓaka dawo da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci.

Sakamakon Karfe

1.Molybdenum farfadowa da na'ura

• Kafin aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin rabuwa na cyanide na tushen, molybdenum farfadowa a cikin ma'adinan ya kusan kashi 60% tare da darajar maida hankali na molybdenum kusan 40%. Bayan daidaitawa a hankali na adadin sodium cyanide da sigogi na tsari, farfadowa na molybdenum ya karu zuwa fiye da 75%. Hakanan an inganta darajar ƙwayar molybdenum zuwa kashi 45 ko sama da haka a mafi yawan lokuta.

2.Copper Depressing Effect

• Yin amfani da sodium cyanide ya rage tasirin ma'adinan jan ƙarfe. Abubuwan da ke cikin jan ƙarfe a cikin molybdenum na ƙarshe an rage su daga kusan 5% zuwa ƙasa da 2%. Wannan gagarumin raguwa a cikin abun ciki na jan karfe a cikin molybdenum maida hankali ba kawai inganta ingancin samfurin molybdenum ba amma har ma yana rage farashin ƙara tsaftace ƙwayar molybdenum a cikin tsarin narkewa.

Kalubale da Magani a Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

Damuwar Muhalli da Tsaro

1.Dabacin Sodium Cyanide

• Sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai. Duk wani yatsa ko rashin kulawa yayin aikin hakar ma'adinai da fa'ida na iya haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. Idan aka sami zubewar bazata, ions na cyanide na iya shiga cikin ƙasa cikin sauri da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, suna haifar da gurɓata yanayi da yin haɗari ga rayuwar ruwa da tsirrai.

2.Maganinta

• Tsananin Ka'idojin Tsaro: Mahaƙar ma'adinan ta aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idojin aminci don ajiya, sufuri, da amfani da sodium cyanide. Ana amfani da wuraren ajiya na musamman tare da tankuna masu bango biyu da ɗigogi - tsarin ganowa don adana sodium cyanide. Ana buƙatar duk ma'aikatan da ke da hannu wajen sarrafa sodium cyanide don gudanar da horo na tsaro na yau da kullun, gami da hanyoyin ba da amsa gaggawa idan akwai leaks.

• Maganin wutsiya da ruwan sha: Ma'adinan ya girka tsarin sarrafa ruwan shara na zamani. Bayan aikin iyo, ana yi wa wutsiya da ruwan shara da ke ɗauke da ragowar sodium cyanide magani don cirewa ko kuma kawar da sinadarin cyanide daga jiki. Hanya ɗaya da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce amfani da hydrogen peroxide ko hypochlorite don oxidize ions na cyanide zuwa nau'ikan da ba su da guba kamar cyanate (CNO⁻) ko nitrogen da Carbon Ana sa ido sosai kan ruwan sharar da aka yi wa magani domin tabbatar da cewa yawan sinadarin cyanide ya cika ka'idojin fitar da iskar oxygen daga muhalli kafin a sake shi.

Kalubalen Haɓaka Tsari

1.Variability in Ore Quality

• Ingancin tama a cikin tagulla - molybdenum mine na iya bambanta sosai. Batches na ma'adinai daban-daban na iya samun tagulla daban-daban - molybdenum rabo, abubuwan ma'adinai, da rarraba girman barbashi. Wannan sauye-sauye na iya rinjayar tasiri na sodium cyanide a matsayin mai lalacewa. Alal misali, a cikin ma'adinan da ke da mafi girma na ma'adinan jan ƙarfe mai kyau - hatsi, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin sodium cyanide don cimma matsayi ɗaya na baƙin ciki na jan karfe.

2.Maganinta

• Real - Time Ore Analysis: Ma'adinan ya sanya hannun jari a cikin kayan aikin bincike na zamani don yin bincike na ainihi na ma'adinan mai shigowa. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) da Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) ana amfani da su don tantance sinadarai na ma'adinai da sauri. Dangane da sakamakon bincike, ana iya daidaita adadin sodium cyanide da sauran reagents a cikin lokaci.

• Samfurin-Tsarin Gudanar da Tsari: An ƙaddamar da samfurin lissafi don tsinkaya mafi kyawun ƙwayar sodium cyanide da sigogi na tsari dangane da halayen ma'adinai. Samfurin yana la'akari da abubuwa kamar jan ƙarfe - rabon molybdenum, abun da ke ciki na ma'adinai, da girman barbashi. Wannan tsarin tsarin tsarin tushen tushen tsarin yana ba da damar ƙarin madaidaicin iko na tsarin flotation, inganta haɓakar jan ƙarfe - rabuwar molybdenum har ma da fuskantar canjin ingancin tama.

Kammalawa

aikace-aikace na sodium cyanide a matsayin Copper depressant a cikin tsarin flotation ya tabbatar da cewa yana da tasiri wajen cimma nasarar rabuwa da ma'adanai na jan karfe da molybdenum. Ta hanyar kulawa da hankali game da adadin sodium cyanide, inganta tsarin tafiyar da ruwa, da aiwatar da tsauraran matakan muhalli da tsaro, ma'adinan ya sami damar inganta farfadowa da kuma darajar molybdenum ta mayar da hankali yayin da yake lalata ma'adanai na jan karfe. Duk da haka, ƙalubalen da ke tattare da amfani da sodium cyanide, irin su matsalolin muhalli da aminci da inganta tsarin aiki a cikin yanayin rashin daidaituwa na ma'adinai, suna buƙatar kulawa da ci gaba da aiwatar da hanyoyin da suka dace. Yayin da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ke tafiya zuwa mafi dorewa da ingantattun ayyuka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike da haɓakawa don nemo madadin abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa ko inganta tsarin tushen sodium cyanide da ke akwai don rage tasirin muhalli yayin da yake riƙe babban aikin ƙarfe.