Nā Pono Kino a me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka Sodium Cyanide

He hui kemika ka sodium cyanide (NaCN) me nā noi ʻoihana koʻikoʻi, akā he mea ʻawahia loa hoʻi. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kona mau waiwai kino a me nā palena koʻikoʻi no ka lawelawe palekana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā ʻano like ʻole.

1. Keʻano

ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka sodium cyanide e like me nā granules crystalline keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka pauka i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe. I loko o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma kahi ʻano poloka paʻa a ʻoi aʻe paha. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu he keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, he ʻano kino kino ia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike mua ʻana i loko o kahi keʻena hana a i ʻole ka ʻenehana. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma muli o kona ʻawaʻawa loa, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka nānā ʻana me ka mālama palekana kūpono.

2. Aala

He ʻala maʻaleʻale kona ʻano i wehewehe pinepine ʻia he ʻala ʻalemona nāwaliwali. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka a pau ke ʻike i kēia ʻala. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hiki ke honi i nā pūhui cyanide, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka olfactory receptor e pono ai e ʻike i kēia ʻala. ʻO kēia ka hilinaʻi wale ʻana i ka ʻala no ka ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻano analytical e koi ʻia i ka palekana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻoihana.

3. Hoʻokumu Crystal

Hoʻopili ʻia ka sodium cyanide i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kristal cubic. Hana ʻia kēia ʻano me kahi hoʻonohonoho maʻamau o nā cation sodium (Na⁺) a me nā anion cyanide (CN⁻). Hāʻawi ka ʻano kristal cubic i ka Sodium cyanide i kona mau waiwai paʻa, e like me kona brittleness a me nā ʻano cleavage i ka wā e hoʻokaumaha ʻia ai e ka mechanical. Hoʻopili pū ka hoʻonohonoho lattice i loko o ka ʻōnaehana cubic i nā waiwai kino ʻē aʻe e like me ka solubility a me ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe.

4. Lae hehee

ʻO 563.7 °C (836.8 K) ke kiko heheʻe o ka Sodium Cyanide . ʻO kēia kiko heheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa ka hopena o nā pilina ionic ikaika ma waena o nā ion sodium a me cyanide. Pono nā hui Ionic, e like me ka sodium cyanide , i ka nui o ka ikehu e uhaki i kēia mau pilina a hoʻololi mai ka pae paʻa i ka pae wai. He hopena kēia kiko heheʻe kiʻekiʻe no kāna hana ʻoihana. No ka laʻana, i kekahi mau noi kahi e pono ai ka sodium cyanide i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā lako hana wela kiʻekiʻe kūikawā e hiki ai a mālama i ka mahana hana e pono ai.

5. Lae paila

E paila ana ka sodium cyanide ma 1496 °C (1769 K). E like me kona helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke kumu hoʻolapalapa kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka ikaika o nā paʻa ionic i loko o ka hui. ʻO ka ikehu e pono ai e hoʻokaʻawale loa i nā ion mai kekahi i kekahi i ka pae wai a hoʻololi iā lākou i loko o ke kinoea. Ma ka lae paila, ua like ke kaomi mahu o ka sodium cyanide me ke kaomi o ka lewa, e hiki ai i ka wai ke lilo i mahu. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike o ka wahi paila i nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka distillation a i ʻole nā ​​hopena wela kiʻekiʻe kahi i loaʻa ai ka sodium cyanide i loko o ka pae mahu.

6. Poina

ʻO ka nui o ka sodium cyanide ma kahi o 1.596 g/cm³. Hōʻike kēia kumukūʻai ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ka wai, nona ka nui o 1 g/cm³ ma nā kūlana maʻamau. Ma nā ʻōlelo kūpono, inā pili ka sodium cyanide i loko o kahi kahe a i ʻole ka pōʻino i loko o kahi wai wai, e pohō i lalo. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia waiwai no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka palekana, no ka mea e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o ka mea waiwai a paʻa i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana.

7. Ka hikiwawe

Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka wai. Hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ia i loko o nā ion sodium (Na⁺) a me nā ion cyanide (CN⁻) i loko o kahi wai. ʻO ka solubility i ka wai e pili ana i ka mahana. Ma 0 °C, ma kahi o 40.8 g sodium cyanide hiki ke ho'ohehe'e i ka 100 g wai, a pi'i kēia waiwai i 58.7 g/100 g wai ma 20 °C a me 71.2 g/100 g wai ma 30 °C. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polar e like me ka ammonia, ethanol, a me ka methanol. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kēia mau mea hoʻoheheʻe ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o nā molekala solvent polar e launa pū me nā ʻano ionic o ka sodium cyanide ma o nā pūʻali ion - dipole. I loko o nā noi ʻoihana, e like me ka unuhi ʻana o ke gula a me ke kālā kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka sodium cyanide i loko o kahi hoʻonā wai, ʻo kona solubility kiʻekiʻe i ka wai kahi waiwai nui e hiki ai i nā hopena paʻakikī me nā metala makamae.

8. Hygroscopicity

ʻO ka sodium cyanide he hygroscopic, ʻo ia hoʻi, he manaʻo ikaika ia e hoʻomoʻa i ka makū mai ka lewa. Ke hōʻike ʻia i ka ea haʻahaʻa, hiki iā ia ke ʻohi i nā molekole wai a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e hana ana i ka wai. Pili kēia waiwai i kona deliquescence. ʻO nā mea momona, e like me ka sodium cyanide, e hoʻomoʻi i ka nui o ka makū i hiki ke lilo i wai i ka manawa. He pilikia kēia ʻano hygroscopic i kāna mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana. Pono e mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu paʻa i ka ea ma kahi maloʻo e pale ai i ka komo ʻana i ka makū, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide ma o nā hopena hydrolysis.

9. Pumi mahu

He 0.13 kPa ke kaomi mahu o ka sodium cyanide ma 817 °C. ʻO ke kaomi mahu ke kaomi i hana ʻia e ka mahu o kekahi mea i ke kaulike me kona wai a i ʻole ka pae paʻa ma kahi mahana i hāʻawi ʻia. No ka sodium cyanide, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kaomi mahu ma nā mahana maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia e mahu koke. Eia nō naʻe, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, piʻi pū ke kaomi mahu. Ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka wā o kekahi mau kaʻina hana ʻoihana a i ʻole ke ahi, hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi mahu ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mahu sodium cyanide toxic. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia e pili ana i ka palekana, no ka mea, hiki i ka inhalation o ka sodium cyanide vapor he mea weliweli loa a hiki ke make.

10. Octanol - Hui Māhele Wai (log P)

ʻO ka octanol - ʻāpana ʻāpana wai o ka sodium cyanide ma kahi o - 1.69. ʻO kēia ʻāpana he ana o ka solubility pili o kahi pūhui i loko o ka octanol (kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe polar ʻole) a me ka wai (kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe polar). ʻO ka waiwai P log maikaʻi ʻole no ka sodium cyanide e hōʻike ana he ʻoi aku ka paʻa i ka wai ma mua o ka octanol. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā ia kahi pilina kiʻekiʻe no nā kaiapuni polar. He mea nui kēia waiwai i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka sodium cyanide i nā wahi kūlohelohe, e like me nā kino wai. Ma ka kemika kaiapuni, hoʻohana ʻia ka octanol - ʻāpana ʻāpana wai e wānana i ka māhele ʻana o kahi kemika ma waena o nā keʻena kaiapuni like ʻole, e like me ka wai, ka lepo, a me nā mea ola. Ma muli o ka makemake nui o ka sodium cyanide i ka wai, e noho mau ana ia i loko o nā ʻōnaehana wai a hiki ke pilikia i ke ola wai inā komo ia i nā kino wai ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻoihana a i ʻole nā ​​pōʻino.

I ka hopena, ʻo nā waiwai kino a me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka sodium cyanide e hana koʻikoʻi i kāna mau noi ʻoihana, a me ka noʻonoʻo palekana a me ke kaiapuni. Ma muli o kona ʻona koʻikoʻi, pono e hoʻokō ʻia kekahi lawelawe a hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide me ka mālama nui loa, e hahai ana i nā protocol palekana palekana a me nā lula.