He aha nā māhele hoʻohana maʻamau o ka sodium cyanide?

ʻO ka sodium cyanide (NaCN) he mea ʻawaʻawa loa me ka nui o nā noi ma nā ʻoihana he nui. ʻOiai ʻo kona ʻano pōʻino, ʻo kona mau mea kemika kū hoʻokahi e lilo ia i mea waiwai nui i nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana. Ke ʻimi nei kēia ʻatikala i nā kahua like ʻole ʻO Sodium cyanide hoʻohana ʻia.

ʻOihana hoʻouku

ʻO kekahi o nā noi kaulana loa o ʻO ka sodium Cyanide aia i loko ʻOihana mining, no ka unuhi ʻana i nā metala makamae. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia ke gula a me ke kālā, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia i nā ores haʻahaʻa mai ka pōhaku a puni me ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo cyanidation. Ma ke alo o ka oxygen a me ka wai, ka sodium cyanide hoʻopili me ke gula a i ʻole ke kālā e hana i nā metala hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia - cyanide complexes. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hopena me ke gula e like me:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e hiki ai ke hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi i nā metala makamae mai ka nui o ka oka. Hoʻohana ʻia ka cyanidation no ka unuhi ʻana i nā metala ʻē aʻe e like me ke keleawe, zinc, a me nā metala pūʻulu platinum i kekahi mau hihia. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka ʻawaʻawa o ka cyanide, ua kau ʻia nā hana koʻikoʻi kaiapuni a me ka palekana e pale aku i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka cyanide - loaʻa nā effluents i loko o ke kaiapuni.

Electroplating a me ka Lapaʻau ʻili

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka sodium cyanide Ke kohopiliʻana kaʻina hana. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea nui i ka ʻauʻau electroplating no ka waiho ʻana i nā metala e like me ke keleawe, ke kālā, ka cadmium, a me ka zinc ma luna o nā substrate like ʻole. I ka hopena electroplating, hana nā ion cyanide ma nā ʻano he nui. Kōkua lākou i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka polarization anode, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka metala anode. Loaʻa kēia i ka hāʻawi paʻa a paʻa mau o nā ion metala i loko o ka hopena. Hoʻohui hou, hoʻonui nā ion cyanide i ka polarization cathode, ka mea e paipai i ka waiho ʻana o ka metala ma ka ʻili cathode, e alakaʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. No ka laʻana, i ka electroplating kālā, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide i loko o ka ʻauʻau plating e kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi uhi kālā ʻālohilohi a pili i nā mea e like me nā mea nani a me nā pili uila.

Kemikala kemikala

1.Inorganic Chemical Production

Hana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu nui no ka synthesis o nā mea anorganic he nui cyanides. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i ka potassium cyanide (KCN), i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Ma ka hana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide me nā paʻakai pālolo ma o ka metathesis reactions, hiki ke loaʻa ka potassium cyanide. ʻO nā mea anoano nui ʻē aʻe Cyanides e like me ka zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), i hoʻohana ʻia i ka electroplating a ma ke ʻano he catalyst i kekahi mau hopena kemika, a me ka copper(I) cyanide (CuCN), i hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthesis organik a me ka electroplating, ua hana pū ʻia mai ka sodium cyanide.

2.Organic Synthesis

I loko o ke kemika organik, he nucleophile ikaika ka sodium cyanide. Hiki iā ia ke komo i nā hopena e like me nā hoʻololi hoʻololi nucleophilic me nā alkyl halides. ʻO kēia pane, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Kolbe nitrile synthesis, he ala koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i nā kaulahao kalapona. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana o kahi alkyl halide (R - X) me ka sodium cyanide, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi alkyl nitrile (R - CN):

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia nā nitriles i loaʻa i loko o nā pūhui organik ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i nā waikawa carboxylic a i ʻole e hoʻemi ʻia e hana i nā amine, ʻo ia nā poloka hale pono i ka synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, polymers, a me nā huahana organik ʻē aʻe.

Ahalohalani

Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka synthesis o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, pili ia i ka hana ʻana o nā pūhui e like me ka cyanacetic acid a me kāna mau derivatives. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cyanacetic acid e synthesize i nā lāʻau e like me barbiturates, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā sedatives a me nā hypnotics. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka synthesis o kekahi mau amino acids, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana kumu o nā protein. Hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau amino acids ma o nā ala synthetic e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka a reagent i nā ʻanuʻu pane koʻikoʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau amino acids i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai a i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻOihana Wailu a me Textile

1. Hana Hana

I loko o ka ʻoihana dye, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau mea pena a me nā mea waena. No ka laʻana, pili ia i ka synthesis o ka cyanuric chloride, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hana ʻana i nā dyes reactive. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā dyes reactive i loko o ka ʻoihana textile ma muli o ko lākou mau ʻano colorfastness maikaʻi loa. Hiki i ka Cyanuric chloride ke hoʻopili me nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻano like ʻole e hana i kahi ākea o nā hale kala i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa covalently i nā fiber textile, e hāʻawi ana i ka waihoʻoluʻu lōʻihi.

2.Textile Processing

I ka ʻoihana textile, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mordant i kekahi mau hana kala. Kōkua ka mordant i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kala i ka lole, e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika o ke kala a me ka lōʻihi o ka mea i pena ʻia. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia ia i kekahi mau kaʻina hana lapaʻau no ka textiles, e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana mīkini hana kila kahi e komo ai i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka carburizing wai a me ka nitriding e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mea metala.

Hoʻopau Pest a me Fumigation

Ma muli o kona ʻano ʻawaʻawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka mālama ʻana i nā pest, ʻoi loa i ka wā ma mua no nā kumu fumigation. Ma nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me nā hale kūʻai a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā fumigants i loaʻa i ka sodium cyanide e pepehi i nā mea ʻino e like me nā iniseti, nā koʻokoʻo, a me kekahi mau haʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ua emi nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide i ka mālama ʻana i nā pest i nā makahiki i hala ma muli o kona ʻona nui a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hana hoʻomalu pest ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā lula palekana koʻikoʻi i kēia manawa ke hoʻohana nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia wahi e pale aku i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke kanaka a me nā mea ola ʻole.

I ka hopena, ʻo ka sodium cyanide, ʻoiai kona ʻona, he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi me ka nui o nā noi i nā ʻoihana e like me ka mining, electroplating, chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, dye and textile, a me ka mālama pest. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana e koi i ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i nā lula palekana a me ke kaiapuni e hōʻemi i nā pilikia i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni.