Nā ʻano hana no ka mālama ʻana i nā huelo cyanide me ka hydrogen peroxide

Introduction

ʻO nā huelo Cyanide nā huahana i hana ʻia ma ka ʻeli gula a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ai cyanide i ka hana unuhi. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūhui cyanide ʻona, ʻO nā huelo cyanide hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide kahi ala kūpono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau huelo. E ʻimi ana kēia ʻatikala i kēia ʻano hana lapaʻau.

Ke Kumu o ka Lapaʻau Hydrogen Peroxide

ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ikaika. I ka mālama ʻana i nā huelo cyanide, ʻo ia ke kumu kumu ʻOhu wai peroxide hana me ka cyanide pūhui i loko o ka alkaline kaiapuni (maʻamau me ka pH o 10 - 11). Hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā mea (ʻo ka maʻamau i nā iona keleawe, Cu²⁺), hiki mai kēia mau hopena:

ʻO ka Cyanide (CN⁻) ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka cyanate (CNO⁻). Hiki ke hōʻike wale ʻia ka hopena penei:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī, hiki i ka cyanate ke hana hou aʻe a palaho i loko o nā mea ʻino ʻole, e like me ka ammonia (NH₃), Kelepona ʻokikene (CO₂), a me ka naikokene (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Ma hope mai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka amonia ma lalo o nā kūlana kaiapuni kūpono.

Nā ʻanuʻu lapaʻau

Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huelo slurry: ʻO ka mua, pono e hana ʻia nā huelo cyanide i slurry. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wai i nā huelo a hui pono i loko o kahi pahu kūpono (e like me ka pahu hui nui). Hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano o ka slurry e hōʻoia i ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me nā ʻāpana cyanide.

Hoʻololi pH: Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pH o ka slurry tailings cyanide i ka pae alkaline kūpono, maʻamau pH 10 - 11. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻanuʻu no ka mea e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ka hopena o ka hydrogen peroxide me ka cyanide i ka waiwai pH. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka Lime (Ca(OH)₂) a i ʻole ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) e hoʻonui i ka pH.

Pākuʻi Catalyst: Hoʻohui ʻia nā catalysts e pili ana i ke keleawe, e like me ke keleawe sulfate (CuSO₄), i ka slurry. Hiki i nā iona keleawe ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka hopena ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide, me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā iona keleawe i loko o ka slurry e hoʻomalu mau ʻia ma kahi o 50 mg/L. Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa i nā huelo ke keleawe lawa a i ʻole nā ​​mea catalytic ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka hoʻohui catalyst hou.

Hoʻohui Hydrogen Peroxide: A laila, hoʻohui ʻia ka hydrogen peroxide i ka slurry. ʻO ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide i hoʻohui ʻia ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o ka cyanide i loko o nā huelo. ʻO ka ratio molar o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide ma ke ʻano maʻamau i ka laulā o 3:1 - 8:1. No ka laʻana, inā kiʻekiʻe ka ʻike cyanide i loko o nā huelo, pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrogen peroxide. Pono e hoʻohui mālie ʻia ka hydrogen peroxide me ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi like ʻana a me ka hopena piha.

Pane a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana: Hoʻoulu mau ʻia ka slurry i ka wā o ka pane ʻana e hōʻoia i ka pili pono ma waena o nā reactants. ʻOkoʻa ka manawa o ka pane ʻana ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o ka cyanide mua a me nā pahuhopu lapaʻau, maʻamau ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 1 - 2 mau hola. I loko o kēia manawa, hoʻoneʻe ka hydrogen peroxide i ka cyanide i nā huahana liʻiliʻi.

Paʻa - ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale wai: Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hopena, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paʻa - wai ma luna o ka slurry i mālama ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia ma o nā ʻano e like me ka sedimentation i loko o kahi mānoanoa a ukali ʻia e ka kānana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaomi kānana. Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu pono ʻia ka paʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā huelo i mālama ʻia), no ka laʻana, mālama ʻia i loko o kahi loko iʻa maikaʻi a nānā ʻia. Hiki ke mālama ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia ka kānana, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka cyanide a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kaʻina hana inā ʻae nā kūlana.

Nā mea e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana

Hoʻohui ʻia ka Hydrogen Peroxide: ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrogen peroxide i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena oxidation ma ka cyanide. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide ʻaʻole e hoʻonui wale i nā kumukūʻai akā hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilikia kaiapuni.

Waiwai pH: E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, he hopena koʻikoʻi ka pH waiwai o ka ʻōnaehana hopena i ka hopena hopena a me ka pono. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka pae pH maikaʻi loa o 10 - 11 e hoʻolohi i ka hopena o ka cyanide e ka hydrogen peroxide.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka Catalyst: Hoʻopili ka manaʻo o ka copper-based catalyst i ka wikiwiki o ka hopena. Inā haʻahaʻa loa ka manaʻo catalyst, hiki ke lohi loa ka hopena; inā kiʻekiʻe loa, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena kemika paʻakikī a hoʻonui pū i nā kumukūʻai.

Wā Hōʻoia: Pono ka manawa pane kūpono e hōʻoia i ka oxidation piha o ka cyanide e like me ka hiki. ʻAʻole lawa ka manawa pane e hopena i ke koena cyanide i loko o nā huelo i mālama ʻia.

Hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo Cyanide Concentration: ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike cyanide mua i loko o nā huelo, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau piha, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide a me nā manawa hoʻololi lōʻihi.

ʻO nā pono o ka lāʻau hydrogen peroxide

Kiekie Oxidation Efficiency: Hiki i ka hydrogen peroxide ke hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi i nā ʻano cyanide like ʻole, me ka cyanide manuahi a me kekahi mau metala - cyanide complexes, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka ʻona o nā huelo cyanide.

Kaʻina hana maʻalahi: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau ʻano hana lapaʻau cyanide ʻē aʻe (e like me ka ua kemika paʻakikī a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano lapaʻau olaola), ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka hydrogen peroxide maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana.

Loaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka haumia lua: He emi ka poino o na hua o ka hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cyanate huahana waena i nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, a ʻo ka hydrogen peroxide ponoʻī e decomposes i loko o ka wai a me ka oxygen, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o ka pollution lua.

Hoʻohana Wide: Pili kēia ʻano hana i nā ʻoihana ʻeli liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu ʻoihana nui, e lilo ia i koho nui no ka mālama ʻana i nā huelo cyanide.

hihia Haʻawina

He Hui Eli Gula: He hui eli gula ma [kahi kiko'ī] loaʻa ka nui o nā huelo cyanide me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka cyanide. Ua lawe lākou i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide. Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana, me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pH i 10.5. e hoʻohui i ka keleawe sulfate ma kahi ʻano o 50 mg/L ma ke ʻano he catalyst, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide - i - cyanide molar ratio o 5:1. a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hopena 1.5 - hola, ua hoʻemi maikaʻi lākou i ka neʻe ʻana o ka cyanide i loko o nā huelo i nā pae ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻoponopono. Ua mālama pono ʻia nā huelo i mālama ʻia i loko o ka loko wai huelo, a ua hoʻohana hou ʻia ka filtrate i ke kaʻina hana eli, e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai.

ʻO kahi hana eli liʻiliʻi: Ua pilikia pū kekahi hana ʻeli gula liʻiliʻi ma kahi mamao i ka pilikia o ka cyanide - loaʻa nā huelo. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā kumuwaiwai, e noʻonoʻo ana i kāna hana maʻalahi, ua koho lākou i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide. Ma ka mālama pono ʻana i ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide i hoʻohui ʻia e like me ka cyanide maʻiʻo i loko o nā huelo, hoʻoponopono i ka pH me ka lime i loaʻa i ka wahi, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe mīkini maʻalahi no ka hui ʻana, ua hoʻemi maikaʻi lākou i ka ʻona cyanide o nā huelo. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ka pālākiō lapaʻau, ua lawa ia e hoʻokō i nā koi kaiapuni kūloko no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā huelo, e pale ana i ke kaiapuni a puni mai ka pollution cyanide.

kaiapuni

Ka mālama pono ʻana i ka Hydrogen Peroxide: ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ikaika a hiki ke pilikia loa inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia. Pono nā limahana i komo i ka hana lapaʻau e hoʻokomo i nā lako pale pilikino kūpono, e like me nā mīkina lima, nā maka aniani, a me nā lole pale. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide pono e hoʻokō pono i nā lula palekana e pale aku i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā mea hiki ke ahi.

Nānā pololei: Pono ka nānā mau ʻana i ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻopili kēia i ka nānā ʻana i ka waiwai pH o ka slurry i ka wā o ka pane ʻana, ka ʻike o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide, a me ka mahana o ka hopena. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka laʻana maʻamau a me ka nānā ʻana e hōʻoia i ka holo ʻana o ke kaʻina hana e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia a hana i nā hoʻoponopono kūpono inā pono.

Ka Hoolei ana i na huelo i malamaia: ʻOiai ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia nā huelo paʻa i loko o ka loko wai huelo maʻamau i kū i nā kūlana kaiapuni. Pono e loaʻa i ka loko iʻa huelo kahi hoʻopulapula kūpono e pale ai i ka leaka ʻana o nā mea ʻino i loko o ka lepo a me ka wai lepo.

ʻO ka Hoʻolālā Hoʻopilikia Pilikia: Ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide, pono e hoʻokō ʻia kahi loiloi hopena o ke kaiapuni e loiloi i kona mau hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka ea, ka wai, a me ka lepo, a me ka kaiaola a puni. Kōkua kēia loiloi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau a hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā lula kaiapuni.

I ka hopena, hāʻawi ke ʻano hana lapaʻau hydrogen peroxide i kahi hopena kūpono a kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i nā huelo cyanide. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna kumu, ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu lapaʻau kūpono, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohālikelike, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea e pono ai, hiki i kēia ʻano ke hōʻemi nui i nā pōʻino o ke kaiapuni i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka cyanide tailings, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana mining a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni.