ʻO Sodium Cyanide: Hoʻohana nui i ka Mining a me nā mea ʻē aʻe

Pehea ka ʻona o ka Sodium Cyanide?

He pauka keʻokeʻo a he granules paha ka sodium cyanide he hygroscopic a he ʻala ʻawaʻawa iki kona ʻalemona. He mea hoʻoheheʻe loa ia i ka wai a maʻalahi ke hydrolyzes e hana i ka hydrogen cyanide, me kona wai hoʻoheheʻe he alkaline ikaika. He mea nui ia i nā kemika maka kumu. ʻO ka mea nui, he mea ʻawahia loa ia; ʻo ka pili ʻana me nā ʻeha o ka ʻili, ka hanu ʻana, a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi hiki ke alakaʻi i ka lāʻau make a me ka make.

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka LD50 i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia (ka nui e pono ai e pepehi i ka hapalua o nā holoholona hoʻāʻo i loko o kahi manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia), he LD50 ko ka arsenic he 14.6 mg/kg (waha i nā ʻiole), ʻoiai he LD50 ko ka Sodium cyanide he 6.44 mg/kg (waha i nā ʻiole). ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka Sodium Cyanide ma kahi o ʻekolu manawa ma mua o ka arsenic.

ʻOi aku ka weliweli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi kēia mau cyanides ʻawaʻawa loa i ka wai, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena wikiwiki. Hiki ke make i loko o 15 mau minuke a 1 hola, e waiho ana i nā loea lapaʻau me ka manawa palena loa no ka hoʻopakele ʻana. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hana lohi ka arsenic; ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona a hiki i hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, a hiki ke make i kekahi mau hola a i ʻole hoʻokahi lā ma hope.

Nā Hoʻohana ʻOihana o ka Sodium Cyanide

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka sodium cyanide i mea laha nui. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide no ka hana kemika, e helu ana ma kahi o 40% o ka māhele mākeke; ʻo ka ʻāpana lāʻau lapaʻau e helu ana ma kahi o 10%; ʻo nā pesticides e helu ana ma kahi o 8%; a ʻo ka ʻoihana electroplating e helu ana ma kahi o 20%. ʻO ke koena o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā kemika maikaʻi. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka ulu ʻana o ke koi no ke gula, ua piʻi nui ke koi no ka sodium cyanide i ka hana ʻeli ʻana. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 2013, ʻo ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka sodium cyanide i hoʻohana ʻia no ka unuhi gula he 2 a 3 mau manawa ma mua o ka makahiki 2012. A ua ʻike pū ka mākeke pesticide i kahi piʻi nui, ʻoiai no ka glyphosate a me nā huahana like.

1. Nā wai waihoʻoluʻu

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide no ka hana ʻana i nā kala. ʻO nā mea pena i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻo ia nō ka Melemele 139. Melemele 150. indigo, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe fluorescent VBL, a me Disperse Green GL, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

2. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e synthesize i nā kikowaena lāʻau lapaʻau, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea waiwai pono no nā huahana lāʻau hope loa. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau ka penicillin, pregabalin, ketoprofen, tranexamic acid, vitamin B6. folic acid, guanine, acyclovir, gabapentin, butyrophenone, barbiturates, fluoroquinolones, caffeine, cough suppressants, gastric drugs, analgesics, berberine, atorvastatin, and phenylpropanolamine.

3. Pesticides

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e synthesize i nā pesticides, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā lāʻau pesticides maʻamau ka glyphosate, cypermethrin, paraquat, cyantraniliprole, sulfentrazone, pyraclostrobin, benzoylpropionic acid, oxime esters, atrazine, cyanazine, a me nā ʻano mea hoʻomalu maʻi raiki.

4. Hoʻolilo uila

Hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke hana i nā paʻakikī me nā metala he nui, e hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka ʻoihana electroplating ma ke ʻano he electrolyte no ke keleawe, cadmium, zinc, a me ke kālā. Hiki i nā mea paʻakikī ion metala i loko o kēia mau electrolytes ke waiho ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea hana, hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi e pale ana i nā huahana metala.

5. Kāhāhā

Loaʻa i ka sodium cyanide ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ke gula a me ke kālā, e hana ana i nā hui cyanide hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka hana ʻeli ʻana no ka unuhi ʻana i ke gula, ke kālā, a me nā metala ʻole ferrous. I loko o nā lua gula haʻahaʻa kūloko, hana ʻia nā unuhi gula he nui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano "heap leaching" me ka sodium cyanide. Loaʻa i kēia kaʻina hana unuhi kahi pōmaikaʻi kumukūʻai nui. ʻO ke ʻano "heap leaching" e pili ana i ka pīpī ʻana i ka hopena sodium cyanide ma luna o kahi puʻu o ka ore, e ʻae ana i nā ʻāpana i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka hopena, kahi e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai ke gula. ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻia nā Cyanide he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe gula maikaʻi, ʻo ko lākou ʻano ʻawahia loa e hoʻāla i nā hopohopo, a hiki i ka ʻōpala cyanide ke hōʻino nui i ke kaiapuni. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana like ʻole, me ka chlorination, acidification, a me ka activated carbon adsorption catalytic oxidation, ma Kina no ka mālama ʻana i nā tailings cyanide. ʻO nā hana maikaʻi loa no ka unuhi gula e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā koho ʻē aʻe ʻaʻohe cyanide a me nā cyanide haʻahaʻa.

6. Nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o nā noi i luna, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hoʻomākaukau i nā waikawa amino, L-carnitine, lactic acid, creatine, chelating agents, cyanate esters, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, a me nā mea ʻala, i waena o nā huahana kemika.

ʻO ka sodium cyanide, pehea e pale ai nā kānaka iā lākou iho?

ʻO ka mea nui loa: pono i ka poʻe ma waho e neʻe i kahi ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2 kilomita ka mamao mai ke kahua o ka ulia a e kū i luna o ka makani e pale aku ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana me kekahi mau kemika.

Ke pili ʻana i ka ʻili: E wehe koke i nā lole i haumia a holoi pono i ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia me ka wai e kahe ana a i ʻole kahi hopena 5% sodium thiosulfate no 20 mau minuke ma ka liʻiliʻi. E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

Ke pili me ka maka: E holoi koke i nā maka me ka wai kahe nui a i ʻole ka wai saline no 15 mau minuke ma ka liʻiliʻi. E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

Hanu ʻana: E haʻalele koke i ke kahua i kahi me ka ea hou. Inā pilikia ka hanu ʻana, e hāʻawi i ka oxygen. Inā pau ka hanu ʻana a me ka puʻuwai, e hana koke i ka hanu hana (mai hoʻohana i ka waha i ka waha) a me ke kaomi ʻana i ka umauma.

ʻAi ʻia: E inu i ka wai mehana e lawa ai e hoʻoulu ai i ka luaʻi. E hoʻohana i kahi hopena potassium permanganate 1:5000 a i ʻole kahi hopena sodium thiosulfate 5% no ka holoi ʻana i ka ʻōpū. E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

No nā manaʻo ʻoihana hou aku? Kāhea iā mā˚ou!

Manaʻo Manaʻo: Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻike hou aku, e like me ka huaʻōlelo, nā huahana, nā hopena, etc.