Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi o Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

He hui kemika ʻo Sodium cyanide (NaCN) me nā noi ʻoihana koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai kona ʻano ʻawahia loa. He mea paʻa keʻokeʻo, crystalline i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. E ʻimi kēia ʻatikala i nā kikoʻī maʻamau o ka sodium cyanide a me kāna mau hoʻohana like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole.

Hoakaka maʻamau

Nā pae maʻemaʻe

• 98% Maʻemaʻe : He papa maʻamau kēia ma ka mākeke. No ka Sodium Cyanide paʻa , ma kēia pae maʻemaʻe, ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo Sodium cyanide (NaCN), pono e loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi he 98.0%. Me kēia, ʻo nā palena ʻē aʻe e like me ka nui o NaOH he ≤0.3%, Na₂CO₃ ≤0.2%, makū ≤0.2%, a me nā mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai ≤0.01%. He kūpono kēia papa no nā ʻano hana ʻoihana like ʻole kahi e pono ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻemaʻe akā ʻaʻole ka pololei loa. No ka laʻana, i kekahi mau kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala, hiki i kēia sodium cyanide maʻemaʻe 98% ke wehe pono i nā oxides o ka ʻili a me nā mea haumia.

• 99% Maʻemaʻe : Ke hōʻike nei i kahi papa kiʻekiʻe aʻe, ʻo ka sodium cyanide paʻa me 99% maʻemaʻe he mau pae koʻikoʻi. Pono ka nui o ka NaCN he ≥99.0%, me ka makū ≤0.5%, ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai ≤0.01%, cyanide ≤0.01%, chloride ≤0.20%, a me sulfate ≤0.07%. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia papa maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i nā noi kahi e hiki ai i ke alo o nā mea haumia ke hoʻopilikia i nā hopena kemika. I ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau hopena electroplating kiʻekiʻe, kōkua ka 99% sodium cyanide maʻemaʻe i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi uhi metala like a kiʻekiʻe.

Nā ʻano kino

• Paʻa : Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano paʻa, hiki ke ʻano o nā poloka, nā ʻāpana crystalline, a i ʻole ka pauka. Makemake ʻia nā ʻano paʻa no ka mālama maʻalahi a me ka halihali ʻana ma nā wahi mamao. ʻAʻole hiki ke liki ke ʻano paʻa i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana ma mua o ke ʻano wai. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke i hoʻopaʻa pālua ʻia i loko o kahi pahu lāʻau, ʻo ke kaumaha maʻamau ma kahi o 1 tonne. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium cyanide paʻa i ka ʻoihana mining no ka unuhi gula. ʻO nā briquettes, ma kahi o 98% maʻemaʻe a ʻike ʻia he keʻokeʻo, ua like lākou me nā briquettes lanahu a he kūpono no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā hana mining nui.

• Wai : Loaʻa pū kekahi wai sodium cyanide, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i maʻamau ma muli o nā pilikia o ka halihali a me ka mālama ʻana. ʻO kahi ʻano maʻamau no ka wai sodium cyanide i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau noi he 30%. Ma kēia ʻano, pono ka nui o ka NaCN he ≥30.0%, me NaOH ≤1.0%, Na₂CO₃ ≤1.0%, NaCl ≤0.027%, a me NaCOOH ≤0.60%, a me ka waiwai APHA (kahi ana o ke kala) ≤100. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai sodium cyanide i kekahi mau kaʻina hana ʻoihana kahi e pono ai kahi ʻano homogeneous a maʻalahi hoʻi o ka kemika, e like me kekahi mau ʻano hana unuhi mining kikoʻī.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi

ʻOihana hoʻouku

• ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i ke gula a me nā metala makamae : Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka hana ʻeli ʻana i ke gula a me nā metala makamae ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka cyanide leaching a i ʻole ke gula cyanidation, e hoʻohana ana i ka pilina kiʻekiʻe o ke gula (I) i ka cyanide. I ke alo o ka ea (oxygen) a me ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke metala gula, e hana ana i ke gula cyanide (a i ʻole ke gula sodium cyanide) a me ka sodium hydroxide. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hopena kemika penei: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā ores haʻahaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana, e lilo ia i ala kūpono no ka unuhi ʻana i ke gula. ʻO ke ʻano paʻa o ka sodium cyanide, ʻoi aku ka 98% briquettes maʻemaʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā hana ʻeli nui ma muli o ko lākou maʻalahi o ka lawelawe ʻana a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea hana.

Pau Hana Hua

• Hana ʻana o nā Nitriles : Hana ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka koʻikoʻi no ka hana ʻana o nā nitriles. Hana ka ion cyanide (CN⁻) i loko o ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he nucleophile, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hui electron e hana i kahi pilina kemika. He mau mea nui nā Nitriles i loko o nā ʻano kemika a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia ka acrylonitrile, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā fibers synthetic e like me ka acrylic a me ka hana ʻana i nā plastics, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he kikowaena koʻikoʻi.

• Ka Hana ʻana o ka Hydrocyanic Acid a me nā Cyanides ʻē aʻe : Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i ka hydrocyanic acid (HCN), kahi mea mua no nā hui kemika ʻē aʻe he nui. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hana i nā cyanides inorganic like ʻole e like me ka potassium cyanide (KCN), cyanuric chloride, a me ka cyanogen chloride. Loaʻa i kēia mau Cyanide nā noi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole, mai ka electroplating a i ka synthesis kemika.

Hoʻonohonoho Metal

• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Metala : Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala. Hiki iā ia ke wehe pono i nā oxides o ka ʻili a me ka lepo mai nā metala, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka metala. He mea nui kēia i nā kaʻina hana kahi e pono ai kahi ʻili metala maʻemaʻe no nā hana ma hope e like me ka pena ʻana, ka uhi ʻana, a i ʻole ke kūʻai ʻana. ʻO ka hiki o ka sodium cyanide ke hana me nā oxides metala a hoʻoheheʻe iā lākou e lilo ia i mea pono i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻili metala.

• Ka Hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻAila : I ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻaila, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hana i nā hopena hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻaila. Kōkua ia i ka waiho ʻana o kahi papa lahilahi o ka metala ma luna o kahi substrate, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ke ʻano, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ke kūpaʻa o ka mea. No ka laʻana, i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea kālā, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i loko o ka ʻauʻau hoʻopili e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka waiho like ʻana o nā ion kālā ma luna o ka mea e hoʻopili ʻia ana. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o ka sodium cyanide, ʻoiai ka papa 99%, he mea nui ia i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻaila e hōʻoia i kahi uhi metala kiʻekiʻe a kūlike.

Ahalohalani

• Waena i ka Hana ʻana i nā Lāʻau Lapaʻau : Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he waena i ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau analgesics (painkillers) a me nā lāʻau anti-epileptic, pili ka sodium cyanide i nā hopena kemika e hana i nā poloka kūkulu koʻikoʻi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kona ʻawahia nui loa, ua hahai ʻia nā protocols palekana koʻikoʻi i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Nā noi noi ʻē aʻe

• I ka hana ʻana o nā dyes : Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka hana ʻana o nā dyes. Ke komo nei ia i nā hopena kemika e kōkua ai i ka hana ʻana i nā chromophores (ka ʻāpana o ka mole e hāʻawi i ke kala) i nā dyes. ʻO nā ʻano dyes like ʻole, e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana lole, pono paha ka sodium cyanide i kā lākou kaʻina hana synthesis.

• Ma ke ʻano he mea pepehi i nā rodent (ʻoiai ʻaʻole i maʻamau) : I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea pepehi i nā rodent. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kona ʻawahia nui i nā meaola ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia a me nā kānaka, a me ka hiki ke hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea pepehi i nā rodent.

Hoʻomaopopo i ka palekana

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana he mea ʻawaʻawa loa ka sodium cyanide. Hiki ke make ke inhaled, hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma ka ʻili, a ʻai ʻia paha. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mg/kg ke kaumaha o ke kino no kahi kanaka 70 kg, hiki ke make. Ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka ea mākū a i ʻole ka wai, hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide corrosive, flammable, a ʻona. No laila, pono e mālama pono i nā hana palekana i ka wā e lawelawe ai, mālama a lawe ʻana i ka sodium cyanide. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā mea hana ma nā ʻoihana e hoʻohana ana i ka sodium cyanide me nā lako pale pilikino kūpono, a pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe e pale aku i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā kinoea ʻona.

Panina

ʻO ka sodium cyanide, ʻoiai kona ʻona kiʻekiʻe, he hana koʻikoʻi ia i nā ʻoihana he nui ma muli o kāna mau waiwai kemika. ʻO nā kikoʻī maʻamau o 98% a me 99% maʻemaʻe i nā ʻano paʻa a me nā ʻano wai e mālama i nā koi ʻoihana like ʻole. Mai ka ʻeli ʻana i nā metala makamae a hiki i ka synthesizing kemika a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻokoʻa kāna mau noi. Eia nō naʻe, koi nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana palekana palekana a me nā kaʻina palekana kaiapuni e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o nā limahana a me ke kaiapuni.