He aha ka solubility o ka sodium cyanide?

Wehewehe o ka Solubility

ʻO ka solubility e pili ana i ka nui loa o kahi solute e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka nui o ka solvent i kahi mahana kikoʻī a me ke kaomi e hana i kahi hopena homogeneous. Hōʻike maʻamau ia ma ka grams o ka solute no 100 milliliters (g/100 mL) o ka solvent a i ʻole ma nā mole no ka lita (mol/L).

Solubility o Sodium Cyanide i ka wai

He mea hoʻoheheʻe loa ka sodium cyanide (NaCN) i ka wai. Ma ka mahana o ka lumi (ma kahi o 25 °C), hiki i kahi 48 grams o ka Sodium cyanide ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o 100 milliliters o ka wai. Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana, piʻi pū kona Solubility i ka wai. No ka laʻana, ma 34.7 °C, ʻo ka solubility o ka Sodium Cyanide i ka wai ma kahi o 82 g/100 mL.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka solubility o ka sodium cyanide i loko o ka wai hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi mau kumu. ʻO ka sodium cyanide kahi hui ionic, i haku ʻia me nā sodium cations (Na⁺) a me nā cyanide anions (CN⁻). He molekala polar ka wai, me kahi uku maikaʻi hapa ma nā ʻātoma hydrogen a me kahi uku maikaʻi ʻole hapa ma ka ʻātoma oxygen. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka wai, launa pū nā molekala wai polar me nā ions i loko o ka sodium cyanide. Hoʻowalewale ʻia nā wēlau maikaʻi o nā molekala wai i nā anions cyanide, a huki ʻia nā wēlau maikaʻi ʻole i nā sodium cations. ʻO kēia pilina ion - dipole ikaika ma waena o nā ions o ka sodium cyanide a me nā molekala wai e ʻae i ka sodium cyanide e hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi i ka wai.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe o ka sodium cyanide i ka wai he kaʻina exothermic. Wahi a Le Chatelier, no ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe exothermic, hoʻonui ka mahana e hoʻololi i ke kaulike o ka hopena hoʻoheheʻe i ke kuhikuhi o ka solute paʻa (undissolved). Eia nō naʻe, i ka hihia o ka sodium cyanide, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana e alakaʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka solubility. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana e hoʻonui ai i ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekele wai a me nā ion, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka dissociation o ka sodium cyanide i loko o nā ion a me kā lākou hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka wai, e hoʻopau ana i ka hopena o ke ʻano exothermic o ka hopena dissolution i ka solubility i kekahi ʻano.

Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o ka wai, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano solubility o ka sodium cyanide i nā solvents ʻē aʻe:

• Ethanol : He kakaikahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka sodium cyanide i loko o ka ethanol. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka solubility i loko o ka ethanol i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka wai. ʻO kēia no ka mea he solvent polar ʻole ka ethanol ma mua o ka wai. ʻO ka ʻāpana non-polar o ka mole ethanol (ka hui ethyl) e hōʻemi ana i ka polarity holoʻokoʻa o ka solvent. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole ikaika ka pilina ion - dipole ma waena o nā ion sodium cyanide a me nā mole ethanol e like me nā mea me nā mole wai, e alakaʻi ana i ka solubility haʻahaʻa.

• Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ʻē aʻe : He haʻahaʻa loa ka solubility o ka sodium cyanide i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik non-polar e like me benzene, ether, a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe non-polar ke launa pū me nā ʻano ionic i loko o ka sodium cyanide. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe hoʻokaʻawale koʻikoʻi o nā molekala non-polar, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke huki i nā ion sodium a me cyanide e uhaki i nā pilina ionic i loko o ka sodium cyanide a hoʻopuehu i nā ion i loko o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe.

Ka nui o ka Solubility

Nā noi ʻenehana

I loko o ka ʻoihana eli gula , he mea koʻikoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ka solubility o ka sodium cyanide i ka wai. Hoʻokumu ke gula i kahi hui soluble me ka sodium cyanide i loko o kahi hopena wai. A laila hiki ke hana hou ʻia kēia hui gula - cyanide soluble e unuhi i ke gula maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka solubility o ka sodium cyanide i ka wai e ʻae ai i ka leaching maikaʻi o ke gula mai kāna mau ores.

Nā hopena hoʻohālikelike

I ka hoʻohui kemika, ʻo ka solubility o ka sodium cyanide i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūpono e pili ana i ka nui o ka hopena a me nā hua. No ka la'ana, ma kekahi mau ho'ololi ho'ololi nucleophilic kahi i ho'ohana 'ia ai ka sodium cyanide ma ke 'ano he nucleophile, 'o kona solubility i loko o ka mea ho'ohehe'e (ma'amau he mea ho'ohehe'e polar e like me ka wai a i 'ole ka hui 'ana i ka wai'ona) e ho'oholo ai i ka wikiwiki o ka hiki 'ana o ka cyanide ion me ka substrate. Inā haʻahaʻa loa ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, e haʻahaʻa ka neʻe ʻana o ka cyanide ion reactive i loko o ka hoʻonā, hiki ke hoʻolohi i ka hopena a i ʻole ke pale ʻana i ka hopena mai ka hopena maikaʻi.

Nā manaʻo palekana a me ke kaiapuni

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka solubility o ka sodium cyanide no ka palekana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Ma muli o kona ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe, inā hoʻokahe wale ʻia ka sodium cyanide, ʻo kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻohaumia i nā kumu wai. Hiki i ka sodium cyanide soluble ke hoʻokuʻu i ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide ʻona i mua o nā waikawa a i ʻole ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana kaiapuni. ʻO ka ʻike o kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e kōkua i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wā o ke kahe.

I ka hopena, he kiʻekiʻe ka solubility o ka sodium cyanide i ka wai, kahi e loli ai me ka mahana, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka solubility i nā solvents ʻē aʻe e like me ka ethanol a me ka solubility haʻahaʻa loa i nā solvents non-polar. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia waiwai solubility i kāna mau noi ʻoihana , nā hopena kemika, a me nā ʻano pili i ka palekana.