Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm Agitation Cyanidation Leaching hauv Kub Mines

Introduction

Cyanidation leaching, uas tau siv nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm txij li thaum 1887. yog ib tug ntxhia Txheej txheem Leaching uas siv cyanide kev daws teeb meem raws li leaching agents extract kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm kub thiab nyiaj-muaj ntxhia raw cov ntaub ntawv. Agitation cyanidation leaching yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv cyanidation leaching, thiab yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam kub mining.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

Cyanide, xws li Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), yog ib qho tseem ceeb reagent nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Sodium cyanide yog cov xim tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, feem ntau greyish-daj vim yog impurities. Nws yog heev soluble nyob rau hauv dej, nrog ib tug solubility nyob rau hauv dej ntau tshaj 20%. Thaum lub pH ntawm nws cov aqueous tov yog acidified rau pH = 7. cyanide yuav luag tag decomposes rau hauv volatile hydrogen cyanide gas, uas yog ib tug tsis muaj xim thiab muaj kuab lom heev. Hauv kev daws, hydrogen cyanide yog cov kua qaub uas tsis muaj zog, nyuaj rau ionize, thiab tsis muaj leaching nyhuv ntawm kub thiab nyiaj. Thaum tus nqi pH yog 12. cov cyanide hauv cov tshuaj yuav luag tag dissociates rau hauv cyanide ions. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm cyanidation yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv qhov nruab nrab alkaline.

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen, lub cyanidation leaching ntawm kub yog ib tug electrochemical corrosion txheej txheem. Cyanide reacts nrog kub nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw alkaline nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov pa oxygen, tsim cov dej-soluble kub cyanide complexes, yog li ua kom lub dissolution ntawm kub los ntawm cov ore.

Txheej txheem ntawm Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

1. Kev npaj ntawm Leaching Raw Materials

• Crushing: Cov mined kub ore yog thawj zaug pub rau hauv crusher rau crushing. Cov txheej txheem crushing yog muab faib ua ntxhib crushing, nruab nrab crushing, thiab nplua crushing. Lub puab tsaig crushers thiab lub khob hliav qab crushers feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntxhib thiab nruab nrab crushing, feem ntau yog txhawm rau cov khoom loj ntawm cov ore rau hauv cov khoom me me, feem ntau nrog cov particle loj tswj ntawm ob peb centimeters. Rauj crushers feem ntau yog siv rau nplua crushing.

• Sib tsoo: Cov pob zeb crushed nkag mus rau hauv lub pob zeb rau kev sib tsoo ntxiv rau qhov loj me me. Feem ntau, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov ore particle loj ncav cuag -200 mesh accounting rau 60% - 90%, thiaj li hais tias cov minerals kub yog dissociated tag nrho. Feem ntau, cov lattice-type pob mills yog siv rau kev sib tsoo ntxhib, thiab cov khoom sib tsoo pob zeb yog siv rau kev sib tsoo zoo.

• Kev npaj Slurry: Cov av ore pulp nkag mus rau hauv lub tank stirring. Ib qho dej uas tsim nyog tau ntxiv los kho cov ore pulp concentration, feem ntau tswj ntawm 30% - 50%. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj kho xws li txiv qaub tau ntxiv los kho tus nqi pH ntawm cov ore pulp mus rau 10 - 11. tsim kom muaj ib qho chaw alkaline conducive rau cyanidation leaching thiab inhibiting lub dissolution ntawm lwm yam impurities.

2. Kev ntxhov siab Cyanidation Leaching

• Leaching Reagent Ntxiv: Cyanide agents xws li sodium cyanide (NaCN) los yog poov tshuaj cyanide (KCN) ntxiv rau cov hloov ore pulp. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho stirring tej yam kev mob, cyanide reacts chemically nrog kub los ua dej-soluble kub cyanide complexes.

• Cov cuab yeej Leaching: Cov txheej txheem leaching feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub series-kev sib txuas agitation tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov agitation tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom raws li kev sib xyaw sib txawv: compressed cua agitation tso tsheb hlau luam, mechanical agitation tanks, los yog sib xyaw agitation tso tsheb hlau luam.

• Leaching xwm txheej: Qhov concentration ntawm Sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv ore pulp feem ntau yog 0.02% - 0.1%. Txiv qaub yog ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm kom cov ore pulp pH = 9 - 12. Cua yog sau kom muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv ntawm cov yaj oxygen concentration thiab sodium cyanide concentration nyob rau hauv lub ore pulp. Lub sij hawm leaching feem ntau yog 24 - 48 teev kom ntseeg tau tias kub yog yaj tag.

3. Khoom-kua sib cais thiab ntxuav

• Kev sib cais-kua kua: Tom qab leaching, cov ore pulp yog raug rau cov kua-kua sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv xws li thickeners thiab cov ntxaij lim dej kom tau txais cov tshuaj kub cev xeeb tub thiab leaching residue. Thickeners siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm gravitational sedimentation los ua cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub ore pulp nyob rau hauv qab, thiab lub supernatant yog kub-bearing cev xeeb tub cov tshuaj. Cov lim dej ntxiv lim cov underflow ntawm cov thickener los txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom sib cais-kua.

• Ntxuav: Yuav kom tau txais kev sib cais txaus ntawm cov cyanide leachate thiab cov leach residue, cov txheej txheem ntxuav ntawm 3 - 5 theem ntawm thickening, pom, los yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ob feem ntau yog siv. Qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cyanidation leaching. Txoj kev siv feem ntau yog txoj kev nruam countercurrent decantation (CCD method). Cov thickeners siv rau hauv txoj kev no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib txheej thiab ntau txheej. Ntau cov cyanidation concentrators nyob rau hauv Suav teb siv 2 - 3 - txheej thickeners rau cov khoom-kua sib cais thiab nruam countercurrent ntxuav.

4. Kub rov qab

• Zinc Powder Displacement Method: Zinc hmoov yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj kub cev xeeb tub. Zinc reacts nrog cov kub cyanide complex nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tawm tsam, txo cov kub rau hlau kub thiab precipitating nws. Tom qab kev pom, cov av nkos kub tau txais, thiab cov av nkos kub yog smelted los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li melting kom tau cov kub kub.

• Activated Carbon Adsorption Txoj Kev: Cov pa roj carbon activated yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj kub cev xeeb tub, thiab kub cyanide complex yog adsorbed los ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Tom qab ntawd, kub tau rov qab los ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li desorption thiab electrowinning. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem muab faib ntxiv rau hauv txoj kev carbon-in-pulp (CIP) thiab carbon-in-leach method (CIL).

• Txheej txheem CIP: Ua ntej, cyanidation leaching yog nqa tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd activated carbon yog ntxiv rau cov ore pulp rau adsorb kub. Hauv cov txheej txheem CIP, leaching thiab adsorption yog ob txoj haujlwm ywj pheej. Hauv kev ua haujlwm adsorption, cov txheej txheem leaching tau ua tiav, thiab qhov loj, qhov ntau, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tank adsorption yog txiav txim siab los ntawm adsorption tsis.

• Txheej txheem CIL: Cov pa roj carbon activated yog ntxiv rau lub tank leaching, thiab leaching thiab adsorption yog ua tiav ib txhij, uas yog, leaching thiab adsorption tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm. Hauv cov txheej txheem CIL, kev ua haujlwm leaching thiab adsorption ua haujlwm ib txhij. Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm leaching yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntev dua li kev ua haujlwm adsorption. Yog li ntawd, qhov luaj li cas, aeration, thiab dosing ntawm lub tank yog txiav txim los ntawm leaching tsis. Txij li thaum tus nqi adsorption yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov concentration ntawm yaj kub nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, thiaj li yuav ua rau kom cov concentration ntawm yaj kub nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej - ib feem adsorption tso tsheb hlau luam thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nce lub sij hawm leaching, 1 - 2 theem ntawm pre-leaching feem ntau yog ntxiv ua ntej leaching thiab adsorption.

5. Kev kho mob tailing

Cov tailings tom qab Kub rov qab feem ntau muaj qee qhov seem ntawm cyanide thiab lwm yam impurities. Rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov tailings yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo. Cov kev kho mob uas muaj xws li tshuaj oxidation txoj kev (xws li sulfur dioxide - cua txoj kev), ntuj decomposition, los yog biodegradation txoj kev los txo cov concentration ntawm residual cyanide kom qis dua lub teb chaws tus qauv thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug. Cov tailings kho tau muab pov tseg los ntawm kev sib tsoo lossis lwm txoj kev tsim nyog.

xaus

Agitation cyanidation leaching yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm cov kub los ntawm cov pob zeb kub. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li kev npaj cov khoom siv raw, agitation leaching, khoom - kua sib cais, kub rov qab, thiab tailings kev kho mob, kub tau zoo muab rho tawm los ntawm kub ores. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev toxicity ntawm cyanide, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev siv Agitation Cyanidation Leaching, nruj me ntsis yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau kev nyab xeeb kev tsim khoom thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kom ntseeg tau tias kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kub mining.