Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau Cyanide Heap Leaching Kub Extraction txheej txheem

1. Introduction

Cov txheej txheem rho tawm kub los ntawm Cyanide heap yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam khawb kub vim nws qhov zoo xws li yooj yim, pheej yig, thiab siv tau rau cov pob zeb qis. Txawm li cas los xij, vim cyanide yog ib yam khoom lom heev, yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, ib puag ncig, thiab kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. "Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom rau Cyanide Heap Leaching Gold Extraction Process" (YS / T 3019 - 2013) tau siv rau lub Peb Hlis 1, 2014, uas muab cov lus qhia meej rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem no.

2. Tej yam yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev ruaj ntseg ntau lawm

2.1 Qhov Chaw Xaiv thiab Layout

• Cov Xwm Txheej Geological : Qhov chaw rau kev rho tawm cov cyanide heap yuav tsum tau xaiv rau ntawm thaj av ruaj khov uas muaj cov xwm txheej geological zoo. Tsis txhob nyob rau thaj chaw uas muaj av qeeg, av nkos, thiab dej nyab. Yuav tsum tau ua kev soj ntsuam geological ua ntej los ntsuas qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw.

• Kev Nrug Deb Ntawm Cov Cheeb Tsam Muaj Kev Cuam Tshuam : Qhov chaw tso cov khib nyiab yuav tsum nyob deb txaus ntawm cov cheeb tsam nyob, cov chaw muaj dej, thiab lwm qhov chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ncua deb yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb. Piv txwv li, nws yuav tsum nyob deb tsawg kawg [X] meters ntawm cov cheeb tsam nyob kom tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa roj lom thiab cov kua dej xau rau cov neeg nyob hauv.

• Kev Tsim Qauv : Qhov kev tsim qauv ntawm qhov chaw lim cov pob zeb yuav tsum tsim nyog. Cov chaw rau kev sib sau cov hlau, kev sib pauv cov kua, kev rov qab tau kub, thiab kev pov tseg yuav tsum tau muab faib kom meej. Yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw txaus rau kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev saib xyuas. Yuav tsum teeb tsa txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab txoj kev khiav tawm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tau khiav tawm zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

2.2 Cov cuab yeej siv thiab chaw nyab xeeb

• Cov Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kev Nchuav : Hauv qab thiab ib puag ncig ntawm lub pob zeb ore yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov chaw tiv thaiv kev nchuav txhim khu kev qha kom tiv thaiv kev xau ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide rau hauv av thiab dej hauv av. Cov polyethylene polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes lossis lwm yam khoom siv tiv thaiv kev nchuav zoo tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov txheej tiv thaiv kev nchuav yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau kev puas tsuaj lossis kev xau.

• Cov Khoom Siv Khaws Cia Kua thiab Thauj Mus Los : Cov thoob dej, cov kav dej, thiab cov twj tso kua mis rau khaws cia thiab thauj cov tshuaj uas muaj cyanide yuav tsum ua los ntawm cov khoom siv uas tiv taus xeb. Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua kom paub seb puas muaj xeb, xau, thiab lwm yam kev phom sij rau kev nyab xeeb. Txhua yam khoom siv khaws cia kua thiab thauj mus los yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev ntws thiab cov qhov dej kaw thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

• Cov Tshuab Ua Pa thiab Cov Pa Tawm : Hauv cov chaw uas muaj cov haujlwm uas muaj cyanide, yuav tsum tau teeb tsa cov tshuab ua pa thiab cov pa tawm kom zoo kom ntseeg tau tias cov pa phem tau yaj thiab tshem tawm. Qhov ntim ntawm cov pa tawm thiab qhov nrawm ntawm cov pa tawm yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim nyog kom tswj tau qhov chaw ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb.

2.3 Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb

• Kev Tsim Cov Cai Kev Nyab Xeeb : Cov chaw ua lag luam tsuas yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov cai kev nyab xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem leaching cyanide heap. Cov cai no yuav tsum npog txhua yam ntawm kev tsim khoom, suav nrog kev siv cov khoom siv, kev saib xyuas, kev tswj hwm cyanide, thiab kev teb rau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

• Kev Kawm Txuj Ci rau Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm : Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm uas koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntxuav cov cyanide yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog kev nyab xeeb tsis tu ncua. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev cob qhia yuav tsum suav nrog cov khoom thiab kev phom sij ntawm cyanide, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kev nyab xeeb, cov txheej txheem teb rau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, thiab kev siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau kawm thiab tsim nyog ua ntej lawv raug tso cai ua haujlwm.

• Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Tshuaj Xyuas : Yuav tsum tau ua kev saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov khoom saib xyuas suav nrog qhov concentration ntawm cyanide hauv huab cua thiab cov kua, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv kev ntws, thiab qhov xwm txheej ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum khaws cia rau yav tom ntej, thiab txhua yam kev phom sij ntawm kev nyab xeeb uas pom yuav tsum tau kho kom raug raws sijhawm.

3. Kev khiav hauj lwm Technical Specifications

3.1 Ore Pretreatment

• Kev Sib Tsoo thiab Kev Ua Granulation : Feem ntau cov ores yuav tsum tau sib tsoo kom muaj qhov loj me me ua ntej leaching heap. Feem ntau, qhov loj me me yuav tsum tau sib tsoo kom txog 25.4 hli lossis me dua kom pom cov kub hauv cov ore thiab txhim kho qhov nrawm rov qab kub. Rau cov ores uas tsis muaj permeability thiab muaj av nplaum ntau, siv tau cov thev naus laus zis granulation. Thaum lub sijhawm granulation, yuav tsum ntxiv cov lime kom tsim nyog los kho qhov pH ntawm cov ore kom nruab nrab ntawm 9.5 - 10.5. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov concentration ntawm Sodium cyanide hauv cov txheej txheem granulation yuav tsum tau tswj hwm raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore, feem ntau yog li 60 - 150 grams ib tuj ntawm cov ore kub. Tag nrho cov dej noo ntawm cov pellets feem ntau yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 30% kom tsis txhob muaj cov pellets xoob thiab mos. Lub sijhawm kho yuav tsum ntau dua 72 teev. Yog tias muaj nag thaum lub sijhawm pelletizing, cov pellets yuav tsum tau npog kom tiv thaiv kev poob kub.

• Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Uas Tau Kho Ua Ntej : Yuav tsum tswj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov pob zeb uas tau kho ua ntej. Yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas tas li kom ntseeg tau tias qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me, tus nqi pH, thiab lwm yam ntsuas tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching heap. Tsuas yog cov pob zeb uas tau kho ua ntej uas tsim nyog thiaj li siv tau rau kev tsim heap.

3.2 Heap Building

• Kev Npaj Qhov Chaw : Ua ntej yuav ua lub pob zeb, yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab ua kom tiaj tus. Yuav tsum teeb tsa qhov nqes hav ntawm 3% - 5% rau hauv av tiaj tus kom yooj yim rau kev ntws tawm ntawm cov kua dej tawm. Tom qab ua kom tiaj tus, yuav tsum tau ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntws tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Ib txheej cushion txog li 0.5 m tuab tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus compacted, thiab tom qab ntawd txau nrog sodium Carbonate kua kom txhim kho nws cov kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev ntws tawm.

• Qhov Siab thiab Duab ntawm lub pob zeb : Qhov siab pib ntawm lub pob zeb yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau, zoo dua yog 3 - 4 meters. Thaum qhov kev tawm ntawm cov hlau ruaj khov, qhov siab ntawm lub pob zeb tuaj yeem nce ntxiv kom haum. Lub duab ntawm lub pob zeb yuav tsum tau tsim los xyuas kom meej tias cov kua dej faib tau zoo thiab cov pa roj nkag tau zoo. Feem ntau, lub pob zeb zoo li lub khob hliav qab lossis cov kauj ruam feem ntau siv.

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig : Yuav tsum teeb tsa cov kwj dej ntws tawm nyob ib puag ncig qhov chaw lim dej kom tiv thaiv dej nag kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv lub pob zeb thiab ua rau cov kua lim dej tsis sib haum. Tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum teeb tsa cov laj kab tiv thaiv nyob ib puag ncig lub pob zeb kom tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis raug cai nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw txaus ntshai.

3.3 Txau Leaching

• Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Muaj Peev Xwm Tsuag : Qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm Sodium Cyanide hauv cov tshuaj tsuag yuav tsum tau kho raws li theem leaching. Thaum pib ntawm leaching, vim yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau kub, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm sodium cyanide tuaj yeem nce ntxiv kom haum. Tom qab lub sijhawm siab tshaj plaws (thaum qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kub leaching siab tshaj plaws), nws tuaj yeem txo qis mus rau 0.08% - 0.06%. Hauv theem tom qab, nws tuaj yeem txo qis ntxiv mus rau 0.04% - 0.02%. Qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm sodium cyanide tuaj yeem hloov kho txhua lub sijhawm raws li qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kub ntawm cov kua cev xeeb tub.

• Lub voj voog tsuag thiab qhov muaj zog : Lub sijhawm tsuag feem ntau yog 7 - 8 teev hauv ib hnub, thiab feem ntau nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj 10 teev (tab sis qhov ntau yuav tsum tau txo). Feem ntau, tus qauv tsuag ntawm "tshuaj tsuag 1 nres 1" lossis "tshuaj tsuag 1 nres 2". Lub sijhawm tsuag yuav tsum tsis txhob ntev dhau kom lub pob zeb ua pa oxygen thaum tsis tsuag. Qhov muaj zog tsuag yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 6 - 20 L / m² • h, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj 25 - 30 L / m² • h. Yog tias qhov muaj zog tsuag ntau dhau, qhov ntim ntawm cov kua cev xeeb tub yuav nce ntxiv, qhov concentration ntawm kub yuav raug diluted, thiab lub peev xwm nqus ntawm Activated Carbon yuav raug cuam tshuam.

3.4 Kub rov qab los ntawm cev xeeb tub kua

• Cov Txheej Txheem Rov Qab Tau Kub : Cov txheej txheem siv rau kev rov qab tau kub ntawm cov kua cyanide uas muaj cov kua qaub ncaug suav nrog kev nqus cov pa roj carbon (xws li txoj kev carbon - hauv - kem), kev sib xyaw zinc (Merrill - Crowe txoj kev), thiab kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj. Txhua txoj kev muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov dav ntawm kev siv. Piv txwv li, hauv cov txheej txheem carbon - hauv - kem, cov kua cyanide leach raug pumped mus rau saum toj ntawm cov kem ntawm tus nqi ntws ntawm 15 txog 25 gpm / ft², ua kom lub txaj ntim ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated (16 × 30 mesh) kom nqus tau kub.

• Kev Siv thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv Rov Qab Kub : Kev siv cov khoom siv rov qab kub yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab saib xyuas cov khoom siv tas li kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua haujlwm ib txwm. Cov yam ntxwv xws li lub peev xwm nqus tau ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov hmoov zinc, thiab qhov nrawm ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm cov kuab tshuaj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab kho kom raws sijhawm kom txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm kev rov qab kub.

3.5 Khib Ore Pile kho

• Kev Tua Kab Mob ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Pov Tseg : Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem leaching, cov pob zeb pov tseg yuav tsum tau tua kab mob kom txo qhov lom ntawm cov cyanide seem. Cov txheej txheem tua kab mob feem ntau suav nrog kev siv cov tshuaj oxidants xws li hydrogen peroxide lossis calcium hypochlorite. Lub sijhawm tua kab mob thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm cov pob zeb pov tseg kom ntseeg tau tias qhov concentration ntawm cyanide seem ua tau raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm ib puag ncig.

• Kev Tshem Tawm thiab Pov Tseg Cov Pob Zeb Pov Tseg : Tom qab tua kab mob lawm, cov pob zeb pov tseg tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thiab pov tseg kom raug. Txoj kev pov tseg yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, cov pob zeb pov tseg tuaj yeem siv rau kev rov qab ntim rau hauv cov chaw tsuas lossis thauj mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg uas tau teem tseg rau kev pov tseg.

4. Kev Tiv Thaiv Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev

4.1 Kev Npaj Khomob Kub Ceev

Cov tuam txhab lag luam mining yuav tsum tsim cov phiaj xwm daws teeb meem thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem cyanide heap leaching, xws li cyanide to, hluav taws kub, thiab tawg. Txoj kev npaj khomob kub ntxhov yuav tsum suav nrog cov koomhaum pabcuam thaum muaj xwmtxheej ceev, lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhua tus tswvcuab, cov txheej txheem pabcuam thaum muaj xwmtxheej ceev, thiab kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

4.2 Cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev

Cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv cawm siav txaus yuav tsum tau npaj, xws li lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, tshuaj tiv thaiv khaub ncaws, cov khoom siv ua ntej, cov khoom siv tsis zoo rau cov tshuaj cyanide, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws kub. Cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov khoom siv no yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas thiab tswj xyuas tsis tu ncua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv siv tau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

4.3 Kev Kho Mob Xwm Ceev

Kev cob qhia thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev yuav tsum tau ua los txhim kho lub peev xwm teb xwm txheej ceev ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov ntsiab lus xyaum yuav tsum npog ntau yam xwm txheej tshwm sim, xws li cyanide to drills thiab hluav taws - sib ntaus sib tua xyaum. Los ntawm kev xyaum thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem paub txog cov txheej txheem teb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm los daws qhov xwm txheej ceev.

5. xaus

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cyanide heap leaching kub extraction txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Los ntawm nruj me ntsis ua raws li kev ruaj ntseg cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb, thiab siv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig ecological tab sis tseem txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam kub mining. Mining lag luam yuav tsum nco ntsoov khaws kev nyab xeeb hauv siab thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho lawv cov qib kev nyab xeeb kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.