Cov txheej txheem thiab txheej txheem rau tshem tawm Cyanide ntawm Surface Sulfide Ores

1. Introduction

Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm metallurgy, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kub extraction thiab sulfide ore ua, lub xub ntiag ntawm cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm Sulfide Ores ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Cyanide yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation leaching rau kub extraction vim nws muaj peev xwm los tsim complexes nrog kub, pab txhawb nws dissolution. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab cov txheej txheem leaching, qhov seem cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores nyob rau hauv cov tailings tsis tsuas yog ua rau ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, tab sis kuj inhibits qhov kev pab cuam tom ntej ntawm sulfide minerals, txo cov zuag qhia tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Yog li ntawd, txhim kho txoj hauv kev zoo kom tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua cov ntxhia hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

2. Muaj teeb meem nrog Cyanide ntawm Sulfide Ore Surfaces

2.1 Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig

Cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj lom heev. Thaum sulfide ores nrog nto - adsorbed cyanide tawm mus rau hauv ib puag ncig, cyanide tuaj yeem maj mam tawm thiab paug av, dej, thiab huab cua. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv qis concentrations, cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev rau cov kab mob hauv dej, nroj tsuag, thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov chaw mining uas tsis raug pov tseg ntawm cyanide - muaj cov tailings tau tshwm sim, cov dej nyob ze tau pom qhov txo qis hauv cov ntsiab lus oxygen yaj, ua rau cov ntses tuag thiab lwm yam dej hauv dej.

2.2 Inhibition ntawm Sulfide Mineral Beneficiation

Cov cyanide adsorbed rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores, xws li pyrite, chalcopyrite, thiab sphalerite, tuaj yeem tsim ib zaj duab xis passivation ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av. Cov zaj duab xis no txo ​​cov reactivity ntawm sulfide minerals thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej flotation los yog lwm yam beneficiation txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub flotation ntawm tooj liab - bearing sulfide ores, lub xub ntiag ntawm cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm chalcopyrite yuav tsis muaj zog nws kev sib raug zoo nrog collectors, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cais tooj liab minerals los ntawm gangue minerals zoo, yog li txo cov qib thiab rov qab tus nqi ntawm tooj liab concentrates.

3. Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm Cyanide rau saum npoo ntawm Sulfide Ores

3.1 Acid Activation Method

3.1.1 Txoj Cai

Txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub tsuas yog siv cov kua qaub xws li sulfuric acid los yog oxalic acid kom hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov cyanide - muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov sulfide ores. Thaum cov kua qaub ntxiv, nws ua rau decomposition ntawm cyanide - hlau complexes. Yog li ntawd, hydrogen cyanide gas yog generated. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim tau zoo, qhov tsis zoo no hydrogen cyanide tuaj yeem rov qab tau thiab rov qab siv dua los ntawm cov tshuab nqus dej uas tsim nyog.

3.1.2 Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Ore Pulp Kev Npaj: Ua ntej, sib tov cov sulfide ore tailings nrog nto - adsorbed cyanide nrog dej los tsim ib tug uniform ore pulp. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua kua ntawm cov ore pulp feem ntau yog kho raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1: 2 - 1: 5.

2. Acid Ntxiv: Maj mam ntxiv sulfuric acid los yog oxalic acid rau ore pulp thaum nplawm tas li. Tus nqi ntawm cov kua qaub ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj raws li cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv cov ore pulp. Feem ntau, pH tus nqi ntawm cov ore pulp yog hloov mus rau 2 - 4. thiab pH yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag siv lub ntsuas pH thaum lub sijhawm sib ntxiv.

3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev kho roj: Tom qab ntxiv cov kua qaub, cia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus txog li 1 - 3 teev. Lub sijhawm no, hydrogen cyanide gas yog tsim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov roj no los ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig, ib qho roj - sau thiab - kev kho mob. Cov roj hydrogen cyanide generated yog coj mus rau hauv ib qho kev nqus ntauwd uas muaj cov tshuaj alkaline, xws li sodium hydroxide tov. Ntawm no, cov hydrogen cyanide reacts nrog sodium hydroxide, thiab cov zoo Sodium Cyanide cov tshuaj tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab rau cov txheej txheem cyanidation yog tias nws qhov ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

3.1.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

• zoo: Txoj kev no yog qhov yooj yim ntawm ob qho tib si hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cyanide - muaj cov sib txuas ntawm cov sulfide ores thiab muaj peev xwm rov ua dua cyanide, txo tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev siv cyanide hauv cov txheej txheem mining.

• tsis zoo: Muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb koom nrog. Hydrogen cyanide roj yog cov tshuaj lom heev, thiab cov dej xau thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua qaub uas siv rau hauv txoj kev no yog corrosive, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv thiab cov kav dej puas, ua rau cov nqi tu thiab ua kom cov khoom siv lub neej luv.

3.2 Oxidant Activation Method

3.2.1 Txoj Cai

Oxidants xws li hydrogen peroxide, poov tshuaj permanganate, thiab ozone yog ua hauj lwm los oxidize cov cyanide rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores. Cov oxidants no rhuav tshem cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cyanide tebchaw, hloov cyanide rau hauv cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom xws li nitrogen gas thiab carbonates.

3.2.2 Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Ore Pulp Kev Npaj: Zoo ib yam li txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub, npaj cov sulfide ore tailings rau hauv ib qho ore pulp nrog cov khoom tsim nyog - kua piv.

2. Oxidant Ntxiv: Ntxiv cov oxidant xaiv rau lub ore pulp. Tus nqi ntawm oxidant ntxiv nyob ntawm seb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cyanide nyob rau hauv ore pulp thiab oxidant lub peev xwm oxidation. Piv txwv li, thaum siv hydrogen peroxide, qhov ntau npaum yog 1 - 5 kg ib tuj ntawm ore pulp, thaum poov tshuaj permanganate feem ntau yog ntxiv ntawm 0.5 - 2 kg ib tuj ntawm ore pulp. Qhov sib ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua kom maj mam nrog kev nplawm tas li kom ntseeg tau tias sib tov.

3. Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Kev Saib Xyuas: Tso cov oxidant kom hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov cyanide hauv ore pulp rau 2 - 4 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, saib xyuas cov oxidation - txo cov peev xwm thiab cyanide cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub ore pulp. oxidation - txo cov nqi peev xwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation. Thaum tus nqi stabilizes thiab cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv ore pulp ua tau raws li tus qauv xav tau (feem ntau tsawg dua 0.5 mg / L), cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog suav tias yog tiav.

3.2.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

• zoo: Txoj kev no tsis tsim cov pa phem thiab tsis zoo li cov kua qaub ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo oxidize thiab decompose cyanide, ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores. Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg.

• tsis zoo: Tus nqi ntawm oxidants kuj yog siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov muaj zog oxidants zoo li ozone, uas ua rau kom cov nqi ntawm sulfide ores nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation tau yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li ore pulp tus nqi pH, kub, thiab muaj lwm yam impurities, yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

3.3 Copper ntsev txoj kev

3.3.1 Txoj Cai

Tooj ntsev, xws li tooj liab sulfate, yog ntxiv rau sulfide ore pulp nrog nto - adsorbed cyanide. Cov tooj liab ions hnov ​​​​mob nrog cyanide los tsim cov tooj liab insoluble - cyanide complexes. Cov complexes tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm cov ore pulp los ntawm cov khoom sib cais - cov kua dej sib cais, yog li ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cyanide.

3.3.2 Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Ore Pulp Kev Npaj: Npaj cov sulfide ore tailings rau hauv ib qho ore pulp nrog cov khoom tsim nyog - kua piv.

2. Tooj ntsev ntxiv: Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm tooj liab sulfate rau ore pulp. Qhov kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm tooj liab sulfate ntxiv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv ore pulp, feem ntau nrog cov molar piv ntawm tooj liab ions rau cyanide ions ntawm 1 - 2: 1. Copper sulfate feem ntau yog ntxiv raws li cov tshuaj aqueous, thiab cov txheej txheem ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib faib ntawm tooj liab ions hauv cov ore pulp.

3. Reaction thiab Solid - Kua Separation: Tom qab ntxiv tooj liab ntsev, cia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau 1 - 2 teev. Tom qab ntawd, nqa tawm cov khoom - kua sib cais ntawm cov ore pulp siv txoj kev xws li pom los yog sedimentation. Cov khoom sib cais muaj tooj liab - cyanide precipitates thiab sulfide minerals, thaum cov kua sib cais tuaj yeem kho ntxiv kom tau raws li tus qauv tso tawm lossis rov ua dua rau lwm lub hom phiaj.

3.3.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

• zoo: Txoj kev no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cyanide tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores los ntawm kev tsim cov dej tsis sib haum. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim, thiab tooj liab sulfate yog ib qho tshuaj reagent thiab pheej yig, muab qee cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.

• tsis zoo: Ntxiv cov ntsev tooj liab tuaj yeem qhia tooj liab impurities rau hauv ore pulp, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig tom qab ntawm sulfide minerals. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv flotation ntawm txhuas - zinc sulfide ores, ntau tooj liab ions yuav qhib sphalerite, cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau lead thiab zinc minerals. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tooj liab sib cais - cyanide precipitates yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg kom zoo los tiv thaiv cov pa phem thib ob.

3.4 Tshiab Composite Reagent Method

3.4.1 Txoj Cai

Qee qhov tsim tawm tshiab cov tshuaj reagents, zoo li kev sib xyaw ntawm polysulfides thiab sodium metabisulfite, yog siv. Cov polysulfides hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov sulfur - muaj cov khoom siv hauv cyanide - muaj cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov sulfide ores, thaum sodium metabisulfite kho cov peev txheej redox ntawm lub cev thiab txhawb kev decomposition ntawm cyanide, yog li yooj yim rau nws tshem tawm.

3.4.2 Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Ore Pulp Kev Npaj: Npaj cov sulfide ore tailings rau hauv ore pulp.

2. Composite Reagent Ntxiv: Ntxiv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov polysulfides thiab sodium metabisulfite rau cov ore pulp. Qhov hnyav piv ntawm polysulfide rau sodium metabisulfite feem ntau yog 1: 1. thiab tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj reagent ntxiv yog txiav txim siab raws li cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv ore pulp thiab qhov xwm ntawm sulfide ore, feem ntau yog li ntawm 0.5 - 2 kg ib tuj ntawm ore pulp.

3. Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Kev Saib Xyuas: Tom qab ntxiv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, cia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau 1 - 3 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus cyanide thiab cov tshuaj tsis haum, xws li redox peev xwm thiab pH tus nqi, nyob rau hauv ore pulp. Kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd raws li kev soj ntsuam xyuas kom paub tseeb tias kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm cyanide.

3.4.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

• zoo: Txoj kev no qhia tau hais tias zoo adaptability rau ntau hom sulfide ores. Lub composite reagent ua hauj lwm synergistically kom zoo tshem tawm cyanide los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores. Piv nrog rau ib qho - reagent txoj kev, nws tuaj yeem muab kev tshem tawm zoo dua thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua rau cov txiaj ntsig tom qab ntawm sulfide minerals.

• tsis zoo: Kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov khoom sib xyaw reagents yog qhov nyuaj, thiab tus nqi yuav siab dua li qee qhov kev siv tshuaj reagent. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj reagents tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho, uas tuaj yeem qhia qhov tsis paub tseeb hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.

4. Txheej txheem optimization thiab kev txiav txim siab

4.1 Pretreatment ntawm Ores

Ua ntej siv ib yam ntawm cov saum toj no txoj kev kom tshem tawm cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores, tsim nyog ore pretreatment yog feem ntau tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias cov sulfide ore tailings muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm nplua - grained gangue minerals, ua ntej - soj ntsuam los yog kev faib ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kom tshem tawm qhov nyuaj - mus - kho zoo - grained feem. Qhov no tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm cov reagent thiab sulfide minerals nrog nto - adsorbed cyanide thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm gangue minerals ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv.

4.2 Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Cai Tswj

• pH Tus Nqi: Tus nqi pH ntawm ore pulp cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub yuav tsum tau qis pH los txhawb qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cyanide - muaj cov tshuaj sib txuas, thaum txoj kev oxidant activation thiab tooj liab ntsev txoj kev xav tau kom muaj pH ntau yam. Piv txwv li, thaum siv hydrogen peroxide ua oxidant, qhov zoo tshaj pH tus nqi ntawm cov ore pulp feem ntau yog 8 - 10. thiab thaum siv tooj liab sulfate, pH tus nqi ntawm cov ore pulp feem ntau tswj ntawm 6 - 8.

• Kub: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub kuj cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Feem ntau, qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee qhov kev cuam tshuam, xws li oxidation ntawm cyanide los ntawm hydrogen peroxide, qhov kub siab dhau yuav ua rau cov oxidant decompose, txo cov oxidation efficiency. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yuav tsum tau optimized raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 20 - 40 ° C.

• stirring siv: Txaus nplawm yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov reagents nyob rau hauv lub ore pulp thiab ua rau kom muaj kev sib cuag ntawm cov reagent thiab cov cyanide - muaj cov tshuaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nplawm ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog tsis tsim nyog thiab siv cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Qhov tsim nyog stirring siv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom siv.

4.3 Khoom - Kev sib cais ua kua thiab kev kho dej khib nyiab

Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores, cov khoom siv tau zoo - kev sib cais ua kua yuav tsum tau cais cov tshuaj sulfide minerals los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau siv cov khoom sib cais - cov kua dej sib cais muaj xws li pom, sedimentation, thiab centrifugation. Cov dej khib nyiab sib cais feem ntau tseem muaj qee qhov seem cyanide thiab lwm yam impurities, uas yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv kom tau raws li tus qauv tso tawm. Cov txheej txheem kho dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem suav nrog txoj hauv kev xws li ntxiv oxidation, adsorption, thiab kev kho kab mob lom.

5. Case Studies

5.1 Acid Activation Method Daim Ntawv Thov hauv Kub Mine

Hauv qee qhov kub kuv, tom qab cyanidation leaching txheej txheem, sulfide ore tailings muaj ib tug nqi ntawm nto - adsorbed cyanide. Lub mine siv txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub rau kev kho mob. Ua ntej, cov tailings tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub ore pulp nrog ib tug khoom - kua piv ntawm 1: 3. Tom qab ntawd, sulfuric acid tau ntxiv los kho cov ore pulp tus nqi pH rau 3. Tom qab reacting rau 2 teev, cov generated hydrogen cyanide gas tau sau thiab absorbed los ntawm sodium hydroxide tov. Tom qab kev kho mob, cov ntsiab lus cyanide nyob rau hauv ore pulp poob los ntawm 5 mg / L mus rau tsawg dua 0.5 mg / L, thiab tom qab flotation rov qab tus nqi ntawm sulfide minerals nce li ntawm 10%. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab cov khoom siv cov kav dej tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav heev.

5.2 Oxidant Activation Method hauv Polymetallic Sulfide Ore Mine

Ib qho polymetallic sulfide ore mine siv hydrogen peroxide ua oxidant kom tshem tawm cyanide rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores. Lub ore pulp tus nqi pH yog thawj zaug hloov mus rau 9. thiab tom qab ntawd hydrogen peroxide tau ntxiv ntawm qhov ntau npaum li 3 kg ib tuj ntawm ore pulp. Tom qab reacting rau 3 teev, cov ntsiab lus cyanide nyob rau hauv ore pulp raug txo kom tsawg heev. Cov txiaj ntsig tom qab ntawm tooj liab, txhuas, thiab zinc sulfide cov zaub mov tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cyanide ntxiv, thiab tag nrho cov hlau rov qab zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi siab ntawm hydrogen peroxide ua rau kev nce nqi ntawm cov ore ua cov nqi kwv yees li $ 5 ib tuj.

6. xaus

Tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov pob zeb hauv av. Txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub, oxidant activation txoj kev, tooj liab ntsev txoj kev, thiab tshiab composite reagent txoj kev txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej zoo thiab tsis zoo. Hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tiag tiag, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog yam xws li qhov xwm ntawm sulfide ores, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab cov nqi nyiaj txiag los xaiv txoj kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Meanwhile, los ntawm optimizing txheej txheem tej yam kev mob, pretreating ores, thiab kom zoo tuav cov khoom - kua cais thiab dej khib nyiab, efficiency ntawm tshem cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores yuav ua tau ntxiv txhim khu kev qha, ua kom tiav cov hom phiaj ntawm kev pab thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.