Mercury (Hg) Ntau Lawm, Qhov Chaw & Kev Lag Luam Txheej Txheem | United Chemical

Introduction

Mercury (Hg) yog ib hom hlau hnyav uas tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm tab sis muaj kev phom sij heev. Nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb - kua hauv chav sov, muaj hluav taws xob zoo thiab muaj peev xwm sib xyaw - ua rau muaj kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam yav dhau los. Kev paub ntau ntxiv txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv uas cuam tshuam nrog mercury tau ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb xws li Minamata Convention los txwv lossis tshem tawm ntau yam kev siv MERCURY thiab txhawb kom rov ua dua tshiab thiab tswj kev ua qias tuaj.

Lub tuam txhab xov xwm no tsab xov xwm los ntawm United Chemical muab cov ntsiab lus meej, kev tshaj lij ntawm Mercury Cov peev txheej thiab rov qab txoj hauv kev, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab kev sib piv los ntawm qhov chaw, kev lag luam tus nqi saw, kev tswj hwm thiab kev lag luam toj roob hauv pes, thiab cov tswv yim ua raws li kev lag luam thiab cov lus pom zoo tswj kev pheej hmoo.

Lus Cim Kev Nyab Xeeb : Mercury thiab nws cov tshuaj muaj tshuaj lom rau lub paj hlwb thiab ua rau ib puag ncig tsis puas. Txhua yam kev tuav, kev rov qab, kev thauj mus los lossis kev siv yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv tebchaws, cov kev cai thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov cai tswj hwm cov khoom phom sij.

1. mercury yog dab tsi? (Liab)

Kev muaj Mercury (Hg) yog qhov ua kua hlau uas muaj cov pa phom sij thiab tuaj yeem vapient thiab disperse hauv ib puag ncig. Mercury tshwm sim hauv ntau hom:

• Cov mercury me me (Hg⁰) - hlau, tsis ruaj khov;

• Cov ntsev mercury uas tsis muaj organic - piv txwv li, mercuric chloride (HgCl₂);

• Cov tshuaj mercury organic - xws li methylmercury, uas bioaccumulates hauv cov saw hlau zaub mov thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Mercury tso tawm rau hauv huab cua thiab dej tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab bioaccumulated, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ecological thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv mus ntev.

2. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab pawg rov qab (cov ntsiab lus siab)

Cov khoom siv mercury thoob ntiaj teb feem ntau yog los ntawm kev khawb av thawj zaug (cinnabar/HgS) thiab cov kwj dej rov ua dua tshiab (cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khib nyiab sau) . Cov pawg tseem ceeb yog:

1. Thawj mining thiab smelting (cinnabar)

• Txheej Txheem Cinnabar (HgS) keeb kwm thiab kev smelting tau txais cov mercury los ntawm kev cua sov thiab condensation. Cov chaw niaj hnub ua raws li txoj cai tuaj yeem tsim cov mercury huv siab tom qab kev kho kom zoo.

• Kev Txhawj Xeeb : Kev ua hlau me me uas tsis raug tswj hwm ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj thiab kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv; ntau lub tebchaws txwv lossis txwv tsis pub ua tej yam zoo li no.

2. Muaj los ntawm cov khoom lag luam rov qab thiab tswj kev rov ua dua tshiab

• Txheej Txheem Cej Luam : Mercury tau los ntawm cov khib nyiab uas tau sau los—cov teeb fluorescent, cov keyboards thiab relays, cov khoom siv kho mob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khib nyiab hauv chaw kuaj mob—ces tom qab ntawd ua kom huv hauv cov chaw tswj hwm.

• Qhov Zoo : Kev siv dua tshiab txo cov teeb meem ib puag ncig thiab txhim kho kev taug qab thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai.

3. Artisanal thiab me me kub mining (ASGM)

• Txheej txheem cej luam : Hauv qee thaj chaw ASGM siv mercury los tsim cov amalgams rau kev rov qab kub.

• Txoj Cai : Kev siv mercury ASGM yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis raws li Minamata Convention thiab cov kev pab cuam hauv tebchaws uas txhawb nqa lwm txoj hauv kev.

4. Cov khoom lag luam keeb kwm thiab cov khoom siv dismantling

• Txheej Txheem Cej Luam : Kev rhuav tshem cov khoom siv qub thiab kev pov tseg cov khoom qub kuj ua rau muaj cov mercury rov qab tau, tab sis qhov zoo thiab cov qauv ua qias tuaj sib txawv ntau thiab xav tau kev ua tib zoo.

3. Qhov chaw / cov khoom zoo sib piv thiab cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb

Pab pawg neeg yuav khoom thiab ua raws cai yuav tsum ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no hauv Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Kev Ntsuam Xyuas (COA):

• Cov ntsiab lus Hg / kev ntshiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus (%) ;

• Cov organic mercury (methylmercury) residues ;

• Cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntsig txog kev hloov pauv thiab kev ua pa dej siab ;

• Cov khoom tsis muaj kuab lom (As, Pb, S cov sib xyaw, cov khoom me me) ;

• Cov dej noo thiab cov khoom siv tsis huv ;

• Daim ntawv thiab ntim khoom (cov kua Hg, ntsev, cov hlau sib xyaw; cov lus qhia txog cov khoom siv hauv thawv).

Kev sib piv theem siab los ntawm qhov chaw :

• Kev khawb av thawj zaug (cov nroj tsuag ua raws li txoj cai) : Kev ua kom huv si siab yuav ua tau yog tias tswj tau cov pa phem thiab kev kho cov khib nyiab; kev ua raws li txoj cai yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

• Kev siv dua tshiab uas tswj hwm : Nrog kev ua kom huv niaj hnub no, cov mercury uas siv dua tshiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov lus qhia huv siab thiab yog qhov nyiam rau cov laj thawj ib puag ncig.

• Cov keeb kwm/kev rhuav tshem : Qhov zoo hloov pauv; feem ntau xav tau kev ntxuav ntxiv.

• Cov chaw ASGM : Muaj kuab paug heev thiab tsis lees txais rau cov saw hlau raug cai.

4. Kev lag luam tus nqi saw (sab sauv - nruab nrab - qis)

Upstream - qhov chaw & khoom siv

• Cov chaw : cov cinnabar ores, cov khib nyiab lag luam (teeb, qhov hloov pauv, cov khoom siv kho mob), cov khoom qub.

• Cov khoom siv & cov kev pabcuam : cov tshuab kaw condensation/capture, cov chav adsorption/absorption, cov khoom siv refining, cov chaw kuaj mob uas tau ntawv pov thawj, cov khoom ntim khoom phom sij thiab cov khoom xa tuaj.

Midstream - refining, kuaj & luam

• Cov Haujlwm : smelting/refining, kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob (COA/MSDS), ntim khoom thiab daim ntawv lo, ua raws li kev xa tawm thiab kev xa khoom.

• Cov yam tseem ceeb : daim ntawv tso cai, kev tswj hwm pa phem, kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev ua raws li kev thauj mus los.

Downstream - daim ntawv thov & hloov pauv tiam sis

• Daim Ntawv Thov : cov cuab yeej siv siab heev, qee cov tshuaj catalysts, kev tshawb fawb; keeb kwm hauv teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov hloov pauv (tam sim no feem ntau hloov).

• Kev hloov pauv : kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tsis muaj mercury sai sai (LEDs, cov hloov pauv solid-state, lwm cov catalysts) thiab kev txo qis kev siv los ntawm kev cai lij choj hauv ntau yam kev siv.

5. Kev tswj hwm & kev lag luam toj roob hauv pes (cov ntsiab lus)

• Daim Ntawv Cog Lus Minamata : lub moj khaum kev cai lij choj thoob ntiaj teb tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuas los txo thiab thaum kawg tshem tawm cov pa phem mercury, txhawb kom rov ua dua tshiab thiab tswj cov khoom lag luam.

• Kev lag luam sib txawv : kev thov mercury tseem ceeb poob qis nrog kev vam khom ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, ua raws li txoj cai; kev lag luam mercury tsis raug cai thiab ASGM tsis raug cai tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv txoj cai.

• Kev ceev faj txog kev lag luam : kev xa khoom tawm yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm lub tebchaws, cov cai thauj khoom txaus ntshai (IATA/IMDG), thiab kev taug qab keeb kwm.

6. Kev lag luam txaus ntshai, ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb & cov lus pom zoo

1. Kev Ua Raws Cai : ua kom sib haum xeeb nrog Minamata Convention thiab cov cai hauv zos - sau tseg qhov taug qab rau cov chaw thiab qhov chaw mus rau mercury.

2. Txhawb kev siv dua tshiab : nqis peev rau hauv kev sau thiab kho cov khoom siv uas raug tswj hwm kom muab cov mercury uas siv dua tshiab raws li txoj cai.

3. Tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv & ib puag ncig : siv zog saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm, kev tiv thaiv kev xau, kev teb rau xwm txheej ceev thiab kev koom tes hauv zej zog.

4. Kev hloov kev txhawb nqa : ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg siv khoom los siv cov thev naus laus zis tsis muaj mercury thiab muab kev txhawb nqa kev rhuav tshem / rov qab tau cov cuab tam.

5. Kev tswj xyuas zoo & kev taug qab : muab COA / MSDS nrog txhua qhov kev xa khoom thiab xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev taug qab ntau.

6. Kev hloov pauv kev pheej hmoo : siv kev pov hwm kev lav phib xaub ib puag ncig thiab kev pov hwm kev thauj mus los uas tsim nyog.

Xaus — United Chemicalkev cog lus

United Chemical tau cog lus rau lub luag haujlwm, ua raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ib puag ncig nrog cov khoom siv mercury. Peb qhov tseem ceeb muaj xws li:

• ua ntej kev tswj hwm kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab txo qis kev cia siab rau thawj qhov kev rho tawm;

• tswj kev tswj kom zoo, cov ntaub ntawv thiab traceability;

• muab cov neeg siv nrog cov ntaub ntawv ua raws cai, kev tawm tswv yim thiab kev cob qhia kev nyab xeeb;

• koom tes los txhim kho lwm txoj hauv kev thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo mercury hauv kev lag luam hauv qab.