Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm Gold Ore Leaching nrog Sodium Cyanide

Hauv kev lag luam khawb kub, cov txheej txheem Cyanidation siv Sodium cyanide yog siv dav los rho kub ntawm cov ores. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Kev nkag siab txog cov yam no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem rho kub, txhim kho cov nqi rov qab, thiab txo cov nqi ua haujlwm. Tsab xov xwm no delves rau hauv cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Kub ore leaching nrog Sodium Cyanide.

Ore yam ntxwv

Mineral Composition

Cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kub ores plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Qee cov zaub mov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kub leaching. Piv txwv li, tooj liab, arsenic, antimony, thiab bismuth tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov ore tuaj yeem ua rau kom siv cov cyanide los yog deplete cov pa hauv cov slurry, yog li txo cov leaching tus nqi ntawm kub. Thaum muaj cov khoom siv tooj liab, tooj liab tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog cyanide los tsim cov tooj liab-cyanide complexes, siv ntau cov cyanide. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm arsenic-bearing minerals, lawv muaj peev xwm oxidize nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj cyanide, noj cov pa oxygen thiab tsim arsenic tebchaw uas yuav coated nto ntawm kub hais, cuam tshuam kev sib cuag ntawm kub thiab cyanide. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov ore muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon siab, cov pa roj carbon tuaj yeem nqus cov kub yaj, ua rau kub poob hauv cov tailings. Txhawm rau txo cov teeb meem no, cov kev kho mob ua ntej xws li roasting lossis flotation tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm lossis txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb meem impurities.

Kub Particle Loj

Qhov loj ntawm kub hais ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub sij hawm leaching thiab efficiency. Coarse gold particles (loj tshaj 74μm) muaj ib tug qeeb dissolution tus nqi vim lawv me me deg cheeb tsam muaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cyanide. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub meej tias cov khoom kub yog txaus liberated los ntawm gangue minerals. Sib tsoo cov ore kom tsim nyog fineness yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom ua tiav qhov no. Los ntawm kev txo qhov me me, ntau qhov chaw kub raug nthuav tawm, ua kom yooj yim rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cyanide. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tsoo ntau dhau yuav tsum zam vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi nce ntxiv, xws li kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab hnav cov khoom sib tsoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib tsoo ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau kev tso tawm cov nplua nuj gangue uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem leaching lossis ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm cov kua-kua sib cais. Rau ores nrog nplua-grained kub, ua tiav ib tug haum sib tsoo fineness, feem ntau nrog ib tug siab feem pua ​​ntawm cov hais hauv qab no ib tug loj me me (xws li, -38μm), muaj peev xwm ho txhim kho cov nyhuv leaching.

Ore Structure thiab Texture

Cov qauv sab hauv thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov ore tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Ores nrog cov txheej txheem nyuaj, xws li cov uas muaj cov khoom zoo los yog cov kub kub, yuav xav tau kev sib tsoo ntau dua lossis ntxiv cov kauj ruam ua ntej kho kom pom cov kub rau leaching. Porous ores tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov tshuaj cyanide nkag mus tau yooj yim dua, txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm leaching. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ntom lossis kev cog lus ores yuav txwv qhov diffusion ntawm cyanide thiab oxygen, uas ua rau qeeb qeeb leaching tus nqi. Nkag siab txog cov qauv ore los ntawm cov tswv yim zoo li microscopy tuaj yeem pab tsim cov tswv yim leaching zoo dua.

Leaching xwm txheej

Cyanide Concentration

Qhov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide hauv cov tshuaj leaching yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kev yaj ntawm kub pib nce linearly nrog rau qhov nce ntawm Cyanide concentration kom txog thaum nws mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Tshaj li qhov concentration, qhov kev nce ntxiv ntawm cyanide yuav tsis txhim kho qhov kev yaj kub thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau txo qis. Feem ntau, hauv kev siv kub cyanidation, cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv cov tshuaj yog khaws cia rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.03% - 0.08%. Thaum qhov concentration cyanide qis dhau, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev leaching kub tsis zoo, thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev leaching qeeb, ua rau lub sijhawm leaching ntev dua thiab nce tus nqi. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov ntau ntawm cyanide tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev pov tseg xwb tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tuav thiab pov tseg cyanide. Yog li ntawd, kev txiav txim siab qhov concentration cyanide zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov khoom tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rho tawm kub zoo.

Oxygen Concentration

Oxygen yog tsim nyog rau oxidation ntawm kub hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Lub dissolution tus nqi ntawm kub nce nrog nce nyob rau hauv oxygen concentration. Hauv feem ntau cov nroj tsuag cyanidation, huab cua feem ntau yog siv los ua cov pa oxygen. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov pa oxygen rau hauv cov tshuaj los yog siv lub zog siab aeration cyanidation, qhov tawg ntawm kub tuaj yeem txhim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qhov kub thiab txias, solubility ntawm oxygen hauv cov tshuaj txo qis heev. Ntawm 100 ° C, oxygen solubility poob mus rau xoom, uas nres cov txheej txheem leaching. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj xyuas qhov tsim nyog cov pa oxygen hauv cov leaching slurry, xav txog yam xws li kub thiab kub ntxhov, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig kub leaching.

pH Tus Nqi

Kev tuav tus nqi pH kom raug nyob rau hauv lub leaching pulp yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Hauv kev tsim khoom, pH tus nqi feem ntau yog khaws cia ntawm 10.0 - 11.0. Txiv qaub feem ntau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj cyanide los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkali. Nws pab txo qis hydrolysis ntawm cyanide, txo qhov poob ntawm cyanide li hydrogen cyanide gas. Tsis tas li ntawd, txiv qaub muaj peev xwm neutralize acidic tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ore thiab precipitate teeb meem ions nyob rau hauv lub slurry, tsim zoo tagnrho tej yam kev mob rau kub dissolution. Yog tias cov alkalinity siab dhau (pH> 12) lossis qis dhau (pH <9), qhov leaching tus nqi ntawm kub yuav txo. Cov alkalinity siab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kub thiab cyanide, thaum tsis tshua muaj alkalinity tuaj yeem ua kom cov hydrolysis ntawm cyanide thiab nce nws cov kev noj.

Kub

Qhov kub ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kub cyanidation. Thaum qhov kub nce siab, cov haujlwm ntawm cov ions nce ntxiv, uas thaum xub thawj ua rau qhov leaching ntawm kub nrawm dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub siab dua kuj ua rau qhov solubility ntawm oxygen hauv cov tshuaj txo qis. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov hydrolysis ntawm cyanide nws tus kheej nce ntxiv, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau cyanides nrawm dua, ua rau muaj kev siv cyanide ntau dua. Ntxiv mus, qhov solubility ntawm calcium hydroxide (los ntawm cov txiv qaub ntxiv) txo qis ntawm qhov kub siab dua, uas yuav ua rau tus nqi pH ntawm lub pulp poob qis. Yog li ntawd, rau feem ntau cov txheej txheem kub cyanidation, txawm hais tias qhov nce me ntsis hauv qhov kub tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov leaching rau qee qhov, qhov kub siab dhau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Feem ntau, cyanidation feem ntau ua tiav ntawm qhov kub ib puag ncig lossis siab me ntsis, thiab qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau thiab cov xwm txheej txheej txheem.

Lub Sijhawm Leaching

Lub sij hawm leaching yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li qhov xwm ntawm cov ore, txoj kev cyanidation, thiab leaching tej yam kev mob. Rau nplawm cyanidation, lub sij hawm leaching feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 24 teev thiab qee zaum tuaj yeem ntev li 40 teev lossis ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm leaching telluride kub ores, nws yuav siv sij hawm txog 72 teev. Rau percolation cyanidation, lub sij hawm leaching yog ntev dua, feem ntau xav tau ntau tshaj tsib hnub. Yog hais tias lub sij hawm leaching luv luv, cov khoom kub yuav tsis tau yaj tag, ua rau cov nqi rov qab qis. Hloov pauv, yog tias lub sijhawm leaching ntev dhau lawm, nws tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov nqi tsim khoom tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau kev tawg ntawm ntau cov impurities hauv cov ore, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem kub rov qab. Yog li ntawd, txiav txim siab lub sij hawm leaching tsim nyog los ntawm kev sim kev tshawb fawb thiab cov txheej txheem optimization yog tsim nyog kom ua tau zoo kub extraction.

Slurry Concentration

Qhov concentration ntawm leaching slurry ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov diffusion tus nqi ntawm cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Lub siab slurry concentration nce lub viscosity ntawm slurry, uas yog tsis conducive rau lub diffusion ntawm cyanide thiab oxygen rau cov kub hais, yog li txo cov leaching efficiency. Hloov pauv, yog tias cov slurry concentration tsawg dhau, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kab mob sib kis, nws yuav ua rau kom noj cov cyanide thiab lwm yam reagents thiab tseem xav tau cov khoom siv loj dua, ua rau cov nqi nce ntxiv. Qhov tsim nyog slurry concentration yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tau txais txiaj ntsig raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore. Rau cov ores uas muaj av nkos tsawg thiab tsawg impurities, ntau dua slurry concentration (feem ntau 40% - 50%) yuav siv tau rau leaching. Rau ores nrog complex ntxhia compositions thiab av nkos ntsiab lus, ib tug qis slurry concentration (nyob ib ncig ntawm 25%) yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau.

Lwm Yam Cuam Tshuam

Muaj cov impurities hauv Slurry

Ntxiv nrog rau cov zaub mov tsis zoo hauv cov ore nws tus kheej, lwm yam impurities hauv leaching slurry kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Piv txwv li, nplua gangue hais, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov av nplaum cov ntsiab lus siab, tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov viscosity ntawm slurry, impeding lub zog ntawm cyanide thiab oxygen. Cov khoom zoo no kuj tseem tuaj yeem adsorb cyanide, txo nws cov concentration zoo rau kub leaching. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias muaj qee qhov hnyav hlau ions hauv slurry, lawv yuav hnov ​​​​mob nrog cyanide los tsim cov complexes, siv cyanide thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub leaching. Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab tsim nyog kho ua ntej ntawm slurry tshem tawm lossis txo cov impurities tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cyanidation.

Kev sib tsoo thiab kev sib tsoo

Kev ntxhov siab thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov leaching slurry yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev sib faib ntawm cyanide, oxygen, thiab ore hais. Kev ntxhov siab yuav pab coj cov reactants rau hauv kev sib cuag zoo dua, txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev ntxhov siab tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau hauv zos concentration gradients, qhov twg qee qhov chaw ntawm cov slurry muaj cyanide lossis oxygen tsis txaus, ua rau tsis tiav kub leaching. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau hnav cov khoom siv ntau dhau thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov npuas dej hauv cov slurry, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem leaching. Yog li ntawd, optimizing lub agitation ceev thiab siv raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau npaum kub cyanidation.

Hauv kev xaus, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ore kub leaching nrog sodium cyanide yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore, cov xwm txheej leaching, thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo txiav txim siab thiab ua kom zoo rau cov xwm txheej no, cov tuam txhab mining tuaj yeem txhim kho tus nqi rov qab, txo cov nqi, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov txheej txheem cyanidation.