Kev daws teeb meem thaum muaj xwm txheej zoo rau Sodium Cyanide Spills

sodium cyanide yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas siv ntau yam kev lag luam, suav nrog kev tsuas thiab kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg. Kev tshwm sim tawm ntawm sodium cyanide tuaj yeem tso tawm hydrocyanic acid (HCN) thiab cyanide ions (CN-), ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Thaum muaj xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem raws sij hawm thiab siv tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb los txo cov kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog kev raug cyanide. Ntawm no, peb piav qhia txog peb txoj hauv kev thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev: alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, thiab complex absorption.

1. Alkaline chlorination txoj kev

Alkaline chlorination yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob Sodium Cyanide nchuav. Cov txheej txheem no siv cov khoom txo qis ntawm cyanide ions, uas tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm cov oxidants muaj zog. Feem ntau oxidants siv rau hauv txoj kev no suav nrog tshuaj dawb cov hmoov (calcium hypochlorite) thiab sodium hypochlorite.

Thaum cov oxidants no tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cyanide ions, tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim uas hloov cov tshuaj lom CN- rau hauv cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom xws li carbon dioxide (CO2) thiab nitrogen (N2). Qhov kev hloov dua siab tshiab no zoo neutralizes toxicity ntawm cyanide, ua rau nws tus phooj ywg environmentally.

Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tswj nruj nruj kom ua tiav oxidation thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg nruab nrab. Cov neeg teb yuav tsum saib xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.

2. Acid-base neutralization txoj kev

Lwm txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem Sodium cyanide Kev nchuav yog acid-base neutralization. Txoj kev no yuav siv sij hawm kom zoo dua ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog acidity ntawm hydrocyanic acid, uas tuaj yeem nruab nrab nrog lub hauv paus muaj zog. Cov tshuaj nruab nrab muaj xws li dej lime (calcium hydroxide), caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), thiab ammonia (ammonium hydroxide).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization tsim cov ntsev uas tsis yog-volatile uas pab tswj cov hydrocyanic acid. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov txiaj ntsig aqueous yog tseem muaj tshuaj lom thiab yuav tsum tau sau thiab ua tiav ntxiv kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau kev tswj kev sib kis ntawm cov tshuaj nruab nrab, vim tias cov pa roj carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua tuaj yeem hloov cov cyanide hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg cawm siav yuav tsum ua raws li kev tswj hwm nruj kom tsis txhob kis cov tshuaj lom.

3. Txoj kev ua kom yooj yim nqus

Txoj kev nqus tau yooj yim yog raws li cov cuab yeej uas cyanide ions tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes nrog qee cov hlau ions (xws li nyiaj thiab tooj liab). Thaum cyanide ions ntsib cov hlau ions, cov complexes tsis muaj tshuaj lom yog tsim, xws li nyiaj cyanide complexes thiab tooj liab cyanide complexes.

Txoj kev no siv cov pa roj carbon activated ua cov khoom siv hlau ions. Thaum cov nyiaj los yog tooj liab cyanide complexes txuas mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, lawv tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog hydrocyanic acid los ua kom ruaj khov, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, uas tsis yog tsuas yog pab tshem tawm cov co toxins, tab sis kuj muaj cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv

Ntxiv rau cov kev kho mob saum toj no, nws kuj tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb thaum muaj sodium cyanide to. Ua ntej, cov neeg ua haujlwm cawm siav yuav tsum txav ib qho cyanide ntawm qhov chaw sib tsoo mus rau thaj chaw nyab xeeb kom tiv thaiv kev ntim khoom puas tsuaj thiab kev sib kis ntawm ib puag ncig.

Thaum muaj hluav taws kub cyanide, cov neeg cawm siav yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj tsuag dej los tua hluav taws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob acidic lossis alkaline vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo thiab ua rau muaj cov pa phem ntau ntxiv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum hydrogen cyanide leaks, nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj tsuag ncaj qha peb-hauv-ib txoj kev rau tshuaj tua kab mob, vim tias txoj kev no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg ua rau aerosols, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.

nyob rau hauv xaus

Sodium cyanide spills yuav tsum tau tam sim ntawd thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, thiab complex absorption yog peb txoj kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev raug cyanide.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg teb yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob sib kis thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog hauv kev siv zog teb. Los ntawm kev nkag siab thiab siv cov txheej txheem no thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, kev lag luam tuaj yeem npaj tau zoo dua thiab teb rau sodium cyanide spills, thaum kawg txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj.