Thiourea Gold Extraction Txheej Txheem: Cov Ntsiab Cai, Kev Ua Haujlwm, thiab Kev Txiav Txim Siab

Introduction

Kev rho kub yog ib qho txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam khawb av thiab cov hlau muaj nqis. Ntawm ntau txoj kev rho tawm, cov txheej txheem rho tawm kub Thiourea tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau xyoo tas los no. Thiourea, nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg \(SCN_2H_4\), yog cov organic compound uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no. Cov ntawv blog no yuav tshawb nrhiav tag nrho cov txheej txheem rho tawm kub thiourea, npog nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm, cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam, thiab cov txiaj ntsig piv rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Thiourea Kub Extraction

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm thiourea kub extraction yog nyob rau hauv nws lub peev xwm los tsim kom ruaj khov complexes nrog kub ions nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug oxidizing neeg sawv cev, kub nyob rau hauv lub ore yog oxidized thiab ces reacts nrog thiourea los ua soluble kub-thiourea complexes. Cov tshuaj oxidizing feem ntau siv hauv cov txheej txheem no yog hlau (III) ions thiab yaj oxygen.

Thiourea ruaj khov heev hauv cov kua qaub, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov txheej txheem rho tawm no. Hauv ib puag ncig acidic, thiourea tuaj yeem tsim cov ions sib xyaw nrog cov hlau cations. Txawm li cas los xij, tshwj tsis yog MERCURY , qhov ruaj khov ntawm thiourea complex ions nrog lwm cov hlau yog qhov tsawg heev. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau thiourea-based kub rho tawm nrog kev xaiv siab rau kub.

Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm hauv Thiourea Gold Extraction txheej txheem

Ore Kev Npaj

Thawj kauj ruam hauv cov txheej txheem thiourea kub extraction yog kev npaj cov ore. Cov ore yuav tsum tau crushed thiab hauv av rau qhov loj me me kom ua rau thaj chaw saum npoo kom zoo dua nrog cov tshuaj thiourea. Feem ntau, qhov loj dua qhov me me, qhov siab dua qhov kev sib piv ntawm cov ore thiab cov tshuaj thiourea. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tsoo zoo heev kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, xws li kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv thiab teeb meem hauv cov khoom tom qab - kua dej sib cais.

Thiourea Leaching

Tom qab npaj cov hlau, cov hlau hauv av raug sib xyaw nrog cov kua uas muaj thiourea. Vim tias thiourea tsis ruaj khov hauv cov kua alkaline thiab yooj yim decomposes rau hauv sulfides thiab amino cyanides , cov kua leaching feem ntau yog cov kua sulfuric acid dilute ntawm thiourea. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntxiv cov kua qaub ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd thiourea kom tsis txhob muaj qhov kub hnyiab hauv zos ntawm lub pulp, uas tuaj yeem ua rau thiourea hydrolysis thiab txo nws cov txiaj ntsig.

Thaum lub sijhawm Leaching , cov yam xws li qhov concentration ntawm thiourea, hom thiab tus nqi ntawm cov neeg sawv cev oxidizing, tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov kub ntawm lub pulp, thiab lub sijhawm leaching tag nrho muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov ceev leaching kub. Piv txwv li, qhov ceev leaching kub feem ntau nce nrog qhov nce ntawm thiourea concentration, tab sis ntau dhau thiourea yuav ua rau cov nqi nce thiab cov teeb meem ib puag ncig. Tus nqi pH ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov concentration ntawm thiourea. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib txwm thiab thiourea dosage mob, tus nqi pH ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab yog qhov zoo dua tsawg dua 1.5. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov acidity yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau, txwv tsis pub, nws yuav ua rau cov kua qaub-soluble ntau ntawm cov impurities hauv cov ore.

Khoom - Ua kua sib cais

Tom qab cov txheej txheem leaching, khoom - kua sib cais yog nqa tawm kom cais cov cev xeeb tub cov tshuaj uas muaj kub-thiourea complexes los ntawm cov khoom seem. Feem ntau cov khoom - cov kua sib cais muaj xws li pom thiab sedimentation. Kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev sib cais yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej xws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ore, qhov loj ntawm cov khoom, thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv tau zoo - kev sib cais ua kua yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj cev xeeb tub thiab pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm kub tom qab.

Gold Recovery los ntawm Kev Kho Mob Cev

Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev rov qab kub los ntawm cev xeeb tub cov tshuaj tau tom qab cov khoom sib cais - kua sib cais. Ob txoj hauv kev yog kev hloov hlau thiab electrowinning.

Kev Hloov Hlau : Cov hlau xws li hlau thiab txhuas siv tau ua cov neeg sawv cev txo kom hloov kub ntawm cov kub-thiourea complex hauv cov kua. Cov kub hloov pauv tsim cov khoom khov, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav ntxiv kom tau txais kub ntshiab.

Kev Ua Hluav Taws Xob : Hauv cov txheej txheem ua hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob raug xa mus rau hauv cov kua uas cev xeeb tub. Cov ions kub hauv cov kua raug txo qis ntawm cathode thiab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw cathode, thaum thiourea thiab lwm yam khoom raug oxidized ntawm anode. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem ua tiav kev rov qab tau kub ntshiab siab tab sis xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm tsim nyog.

Refining ntawm cov khoom kub

Cov kub tau tom qab rov qab feem ntau muaj qee qhov impurities thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo kom tau cov khoom kub-purity siab. Cov txheej txheem refining zoo ib yam li cov kub tau los ntawm lwm txoj kev rho tawm, xws li cyanidation. Cov txheej txheem refining muaj xws li tshuaj refining thiab electrolytic refining, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm impurities thiab txhim kho cov purity ntawm kub kom tau raws li kev lag luam.

Tej yam cuam tshuam rau Thiourea Gold Extraction txheej txheem

Mineral Composition ntawm Ore

Cov khoom siv hauv cov ore muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov txheej txheem rho tawm kub thiourea. Tooj liab, bismuth oxides hauv cov khoom siv raw yuav yaj rau hauv acid thiab complex nrog thiourea, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thiourea leaching ntawm kub thiab ua rau kev siv thiourea ntau ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov khoom siv raw muaj ntau cov tshuaj acid-soluble (xws li divalent hlau, Carbon ates, non-ferrous hlau oxides, thiab lwm yam) thiab txo cov khoom, nws yuav ua rau kev siv oxidants thiab sulfuric acid ntau ntxiv thiab txo qhov kub leaching. Txawm li cas los xij, cov zaub mov sulfide xws li tooj liab, arsenic, antimony, thiab lead muaj qhov cuam tshuam me ntsis rau thiourea leaching ntawm kub, uas ua rau thiourea-based kub extraction ua tau los xaiv cov kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm cov khoom siv kub refractory nyuaj.

Particle Size ntawm Kub hauv Ore

Qhov loj me me ntawm cov kub hauv cov ore yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau qhov kub leaching tus nqi. Feem ntau, qhov me me ntawm qhov me me ntawm cov kub, qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov yooj yim dua nws yog kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj thiourea, uas ua rau ntau dua leaching tus nqi. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub ore npaj theem, kev sib tsoo tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom cov kub hais nyob rau hauv lub ore tag nrho nthuav thiab pab txhawb txoj kev leaching.

Kub

Qhov kub thiab txias muaj qhov cuam tshuam dual ntawm cov txheej txheem thiourea kub rho tawm. Ntawm ib sab, nce qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua kom lub diffusion tus nqi ntawm cov reactants thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm kub thiab thiourea, yog li ua kom kub leaching tus nqi. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thiourea tsis zoo thermal stability. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias dhau lawm, thiourea yog nquag hydrolysis thiab decomposition, txo nws cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm. Feem ntau, qhov kub ntawm cov txheej txheem thiourea leaching yog zoo dua tswj hauv qab 55 ° C, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.

pH Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj

Raws li tau hais ua ntej, tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj yog ze ze rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm thiourea thiab cov nyhuv leaching ntawm kub. Thiourea ruaj khov nyob rau hauv nruab nrab acidic, thiab qhov tsim nyog acidic ib puag ncig yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov kub-thiourea complexes. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus nqi pH qis dhau, nws yuav tsis tsuas yog nce cov kua qaub-soluble ntawm impurities tab sis kuj yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud uas tsis zoo rau cov txheej txheem rho tawm. Yog li, kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm pH tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo tshaj plaws extraction nyhuv.

Concentration ntawm Thiourea thiab Oxidizing Agent

Qhov concentration ntawm thiourea ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm kub-thiourea complexes tsim. Feem ntau, ua kom cov concentration ntawm thiourea tuaj yeem ua rau kom kub leaching tus nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, xav txog tus nqi thiab ib puag ncig, qhov concentration ntawm thiourea yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua. Hom thiab concentration ntawm oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Kev tsim nyog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau cov oxidation txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kub hauv cov ore, tab sis ntau tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau oxidation thiab decomposition ntawm thiourea, txo cov kev siv ntawm thiourea.

Qhov zoo ntawm Thiourea Kub Extraction txheej txheem

1. Kev Ceev Sai Sai : Piv nrog rau qee txoj kev rho tawm kub ib txwm muaj xws li cyanidation, cov txheej txheem rho tawm kub thiourea muaj qhov ceev ceev heev. Kev tsim cov kub-thiourea complexes hauv cov kua qaub tuaj yeem yaj kub sai sai, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm rho tawm luv dua.

2. Kev Lom Zem Tsawg : Thiourea tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li cyanide siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation ib txwm muaj. Cyanide muaj tshuaj lom heev thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Kev siv thiourea hauv kev rho kub txo cov kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj lom.

3. Kev Xaiv Zoo : Vim tias qhov kev ruaj khov qis ntawm thiourea complex ions nrog feem ntau cov hlau tshwj tsis yog mercury, cov txheej txheem rho tawm kub raws li thiourea muaj kev xaiv siab rau kub. Nws tuaj yeem rho tawm kub ntawm cov pob zeb nyuaj uas muaj ntau yam hlau tsis huv, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom tsis huv hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm.

4. Kev Kho Mob Tom Qab Yooj Yim Dua : Tom qab cov txheej txheem rho kub tawm, cov tshuaj uas muaj thiourea yooj yim kho. Piv txwv li, nyob rau theem rov qab tau kub, kev siv cov hlau hloov lossis cov txheej txheem electrowinning tuaj yeem cais kub ntawm cov tshuaj tau yooj yim dua, thiab cov tshuaj seem tuaj yeem kho ntxiv kom txo tau kev ua qias tuaj rau ib puag ncig.

xaus

Cov txheej txheem thiourea kub extraction yog ib txoj kev cog lus nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kub extraction. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm, muaj feem cuam tshuam, thiab qhov zoo, cov tuam txhab mining thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem los txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm kub, txo cov nqi, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias tseem muaj qee qhov kev sib tw uas yuav tsum tau daws, xws li kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev noj thiourea thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ore sib txawv, kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cheeb tsam no yuav muaj tseeb txhawb kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab siv cov txheej txheem thiourea kub extraction.