Siv tau Scope thiab txheej txheem ntws ntawm Cyanidation Vat Leaching Method rau Kub Mines

1. Introduction

cov Cyanidation vat leaching method yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev khawb kub rau rho tawm kub los ntawm ore. Txoj kev no muaj nws qhov tshwj xeeb siv tau thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem tau hais tseg, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm cov peev txheej kub.

2. Muaj Scope

2.1 Ore Particle Size Requirement

Kub ores haum rau vat leaching txoj kev feem ntau muaj zoo - grained kub dissemination. Thaum cov khoom kub hauv cov ore zoo heev, nws nyuaj rau cais lawv los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub cev yooj yim xws li kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, cyanidation vat leaching txoj kev yuav siv tau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib co oxide - hom kub ores, cov kub feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zoo nplej, uas yuav kho tau zoo los ntawm vat leaching.

2.2 Ore Qib Requirement

Txoj kev no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau qib qis lossis ultra-qib-qib kub ores. Rau qib high-qib kub ores, ntau npaum thiab tsawg lub sij hawm - siv extraction txoj kev yuav nyiam. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov qib qis qis uas cov ntsiab lus kub hauv ib chav tsev loj ntawm cov ore yog qhov tsawg, vat leaching txoj kev tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav kev lag luam rho tawm hauv qee yam xwm txheej. Tus nqi qis ntawm cov txheej txheem vat leaching ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv zoo rau kev ua cov ores.

2.3 Ore Permeability Yuav Tsum Tau

Ores nrog tsis zoo permeability kuj tseem haum rau vat leaching. Yog hais tias lub ore muaj permeability zoo, lub cyanide kev daws yuav ntws los ntawm cov ore sai heev, ua rau lub sij hawm sib cuag tsis txaus ntawm cov cyanide thiab kub, thiab yog li txo cov kub leaching tus nqi. Hauv qhov sib piv, rau cov ore nrog cov permeability tsis zoo, vat leaching txoj kev tuaj yeem tswj tus nqi ntws thiab lub sijhawm sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide hauv cov ore kom ntseeg tau tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Piv txwv li, hlau oxide - capping - hom ores muaj nplua - grained kub thiab oxidized quartz - leeg - hom ores nrog nplua - grained kub feem ntau muaj kuj tsis zoo permeability thiab yog heev haum rau vat leaching. Txoj kev vat leaching tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm 70 - 90% rau cov ores.

3. Txheej txheem khiav

3.1 Kev Npaj Leaching Vats

Cov leaching vats siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li ntoo, hlau, los yog pob zeb. Hauv qab ntawm lub vat tuaj yeem tiaj tus lossis me ntsis inclined, thiab cov duab tuaj yeem yog ncig, duab plaub, lossis square. Nyob rau hauv lub vat, ib tug cuav hauv qab ua los ntawm perforated acid - resistant daim hlau yog ntsia. Ib daim ntaub lim yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov cuav hauv qab, thiab daim phiaj ua los ntawm cov ntoo strips lossis corrosion-resistant hlau strips yog them rau ntawm daim ntaub lim. Qhov cuav hauv qab yog siv los lim thiab txhawb nqa cov ore. Ua ntej pib txheej txheem leaching, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov vats, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov leaching vat thiab cov neeg pluag - kua vat, yog impermeable thiab yeej qhuav.

3.2 Ore Pretreatment - Crushing thiab tshuaj ntsuam

Cov mined kub - bearing ores yuav tsum tau crushed rau ib tug tej yam particle loj. Ua ntej, cov ore yog pub rau hauv lub crushing theem kom yooj yim dissociation. Nyob ntawm seb qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov loj me me, muaj ntxhib - crushing, nruab nrab - crushing, thiab nplua - crushing ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, lub puab tsaig crusher yog siv rau ntxhib - crushing, uas yuav txo tau cov particle loj txog li 50 - 100 hli. Tom qab ntawd, lub khob hliav qab crusher yog siv rau nruab nrab - crushing thiab nplua - crushing ua hauj lwm, txo cov particle loj mus rau thaj tsam ntawm 5 - 25 hli. Tom qab crushing, cov ores raug soj ntsuam los ntawm lub vibrating screen kom ntseeg tau tias ib tug uniform particle loj. Coarse - grained ores uas tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau lub crusher rau re - crushing, thiab cov tsim nyog - loj ores nkag mus rau cov kauj ruam tom ntej.

3.3 Cov txheej txheem Leaching

1. Thauj Ores rau hauv Vat: Cov crushed thiab tshuaj ntsuam ore yog loaded rau hauv lub leaching vat.

2. Npaj Txoj Kev Leaching Solution: Nyob rau hauv cov neeg pluag - kua vat, ib tug alkaline cyanide tov yog npaj raws li tus neeg sawv cev leaching. Lub concentration ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide feem ntau yog tswj nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam, feem ntau 0.05% - 0.1%, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm kev sim raws li cov ore tshwj xeeb. Qhov concentration no tuaj yeem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rho tawm kub thaum txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.

3. Kev Ua Haujlwm Leaching: Cov tshuaj npaj leaching yog pumped rau hauv lub leaching vat. Thaum lub sij hawm leaching txheej txheem, leaching tov maj mam permeates los ntawm ore txheej. Cov kub hauv cov ore reacts nrog cov cyanide nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm oxygen (feem ntau, huab cua yog nkag mus rau hauv lub vat). Lub ntsiab chemical tshuaj sib npaug yog: \(4Au + 8NaCN + O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH\). Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, kub cov ntaub ntawv soluble kub - cyanide complexes thiab dissolves rau hauv cov tshuaj. Lub sij hawm leaching kuj ntev, feem ntau yog los ntawm ob peb hnub mus rau ob peb lub lis piam, nyob ntawm seb yam xws li qhov xwm ntawm cov ore, qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ore, thiab cov concentration ntawm cov leaching tov. Thaum lub sij hawm leaching txheej txheem, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis tu ncua xyuas qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj leaching, pH tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab cov ntsiab lus kub nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv leaching tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev mob zoo.

3.4 Kev Sib cais ntawm Kub - Cov Kabmob Cov Kabmob (Rau nplua nuj - kua)

Thaum lub leaching ncav cuag ib lub sij hawm thiab los ntawm kev tshawb pom, thaum lub concentration thiab qib ntawm cov kua ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau, cov kub - bearing tov (nplua nuj - kua) yog tawm ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm lub vat. Cov nplua nuj - kua muaj cov kub yaj - cyanide complexes thiab yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntxiv kom rov qab tau kub.

3.5 Kub Rov qab

1. Zinc Powder (Daim Ntawv) Txoj Kev Tawm Tawm: Ib txoj hauv kev rau kub rov qab yog zinc hmoov (daim ntawv) hloov txoj kev. Zinc muaj cov khoom txo qis dua li kub. Thaum zinc hmoov los yog zinc ntawv ntxiv rau cov nplua nuj - kua, ib qho kev hloov pauv tshwm sim. chemical reaction equation is: \(2Na[Au(CN)_2]+Zn = 2Au+Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]\). Kub yog hloov los ntawm kub - cyanide complex los ntawm zinc thiab precipitates nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom hais. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm mus, cov khoom - cov kua sib tov yog lim kom tau txais cov kub - muaj cov khib nyiab, uas tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov txheej txheem rau smelting.

2. Activated Carbon Adsorption Txoj Kev: Lwm txoj kev yog activated carbon adsorption. Cov pa roj carbon activated muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw loj thiab muaj zog adsorption muaj peev xwm. Cov nplua nuj - kua yog dhau los ntawm ib kem uas muaj cov pa roj carbon activated. Cov kub - cyanide complexes nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab txais carbon. Tom qab adsorption, activated carbon nrog adsorbed kub (loaded - carbon) yog cais los ntawm cov tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd, lub loaded - carbon yog raug rau kev kho desorption. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj desorption (xws li kev sib xyaw ntawm sodium hydroxide thiab Sodium Cyanide) yog siv los desorb kub los ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kub desorbed - muaj cov tshuaj yog electrolyzed kom tau kub.

3.6 Kev kho cov tailings thiab khib nyiab kua

1. Kev kho mob tailings: Tom qab kub rov qab, cov tailings tseem tshuav ib qho nyiaj ntawm cyanide thiab lwm yam impurities. Yuav kom ua tau raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov tailings yuav tsum tau kho. Ib txoj hauv kev yog ntxiv cov tshuaj reagents xws li sodium metabisulfite thiab tooj liab sulfate rau cov tailings kom decompose thiab tshem tawm cyanide. Tom qab kev kho mob, cov tailings tuaj yeem khaws tau zoo lossis ua tiav ntxiv.

2. Khib nyiab - Ua kua: Cov khib nyiab - kua tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kuj tseem muaj cyanide thiab lwm yam khoom tsis zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li dej nag lossis daus, ion txauv, thiab kev kho mob lom neeg kom txo tau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo kom ua tau raws li lub teb chaws cov qauv ua ntej tso tawm.

4. xaus

Cyanidation vat leaching txoj kev muaj nws qhov tshwj xeeb siv tau hauv kev lag luam kub mining, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nplua - grained, qis - qib, thiab qis - permeability kub ores. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem nruj heev, txoj kev no tuaj yeem muab cov kub los ntawm ore. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias vim yog siv cov cyanide hauv cov txheej txheem, nruj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kub rho tawm thiab txo cov nqi thaum ua kom muaj kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig.