Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Associated Minerals ntawm Cyanide Leaching Process

Introduction

Cyanide leaching yog txheej txheem siv dav hauv kev rho tawm cov kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm ore. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam Associated Minerals nyob rau hauv cov ore tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Kev nkag siab txog cov kev cuam tshuam no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo cyanide leaching kev khiav hauj lwm thiab txhim kho kev rov qab los ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig.

Hlau Minerals

Pyrite

Pyrite yog ib hom hlau - sulfide ntxhia hauv kub - bearing ores. Thaum lub sij hawm cyanide leaching, thaum pyrite nyob rau hauv lub pulp, nws yuav oxidized los tsim ferrous sulfate. Qhov no ferrous sulfate ces reacts nrog cyanide los tsim ferrocyanate. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no noj ntau npaum li cas Sodium Cyanide, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb reagent rau kub leaching. Ntxiv mus, nrog rau kev ua ntawm txiv qaub thiab huab cua, pyrite tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov tshuaj sulfide, colloidal sulfur, lossis thiosulfate. Cov txheej txheem kev hloov pauv no siv cov pa oxygen, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tawg ntawm kub hauv cyanide - leaching system. Zuag qhia tag nrho, qhov no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov kub - leaching efficiency.

Pyrrhotite

Pyrrhotite yog lwm cov hlau - sulfide ntxhia uas cuam tshuam rau cyanide leaching. Nws yooj yim reacts nrog cyanide los tsim thiocyanate. Tsis tas li ntawd, ferrous sulfate tsim los ntawm nws cov oxidation kuj reacts nrog cyanide los ua ferrocyanate. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias pyrrhotite tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov kub - kev sib cais, piv txwv li, txo nws los ntawm 28.1% hauv qee kis. Nws kuj ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cyanide noj, feem ntau quadrupling nws.

Copper Minerals

Chalcopyrite thiab Chalcocite

Cov ntxhia tooj liab xws li chalcopyrite thiab chalcocite muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cyanide leaching. Cyanide tov tuaj yeem yaj cov ntxhia tooj liab, tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Chalcopyrite yog qhov ruaj khov ntawm tooj liab sulfide cov zaub mov, thaum chalcocite muaj zog dua. Hauv cov tshuaj cyanide, tooj liab hauv cov zaub mov no, feem ntau nyob hauv lub xeev divalent, tsis ruaj khov. Divalent tooj liab oxidizes cyanide, hloov mus rau monovalent tooj liab thiab tsim complexes nrog cyanide nyob rau hauv lub pulp. Rau chalcocite, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov poob qis hauv qhov kub - qhov kev sib cais, mus txog 36.81% hauv qee qhov kev sim, thiab kaum - fold nce hauv cyanide noj.

Malachite (Copper Oxide Mineral)

Malachite yog ib hom tooj liab - oxide ntxhia. Nws dissolves yooj yim hauv sodium - cyanide tov, uas ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv kev siv cyanide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm malachite thiab cyanide siv ntau ntawm cyanide ions. Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si tooj liab sulfide thiab tooj liab oxide minerals tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov txheej txheem cyanide - kub - rho tawm.

Arsenic Minerals

Realgar thiab Orpiment

Realgar thiab orpiment muaj teeb meem heev rau cyanide leaching. Hauv cov tshuaj alkaline muaj zog siv rau cyanide immersion, lawv tsim cov tebchaw xws li thioarsenite. Thioarsenite tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov pa oxygen hauv kev daws teeb meem los tsim arsenite, siv ntau cov pa oxygen hauv cov ntxhia slurry. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum arsenic minerals yog oxidized nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, ib zaj duab xis ua los ntawm arsenic tebchaw tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm kub hais. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no ncaj qha txwv tsis pub kub los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cyanide, cuam tshuam rau kev tawg ntawm kub. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov orpiment tuaj yeem txo qhov kub - qhov tawg ntawm 41.95% thiab 49.90% feem, thiab nce cyanide noj los ntawm 13.8 npaug thiab 15.0 npaug.

Arsenopyrite

Arsenopyrite yog ib hom arsenic - muaj cov ntxhia. Tsis zoo li cov tsiaj txhu thiab orpiment, arsenopyrite yog qhov ruaj khov hauv cov kab ke cyanide. Txawm hais tias nws muaj arsenic, nyob rau hauv ib txwm cyanide - leaching tej yam kev mob, nws tsis tawg yooj yim thiab yog li muaj kev cuam tshuam me me ntawm cyanide leaching piv rau lwm yam arsenic - bearing minerals.

Lead Minerals

Galena thiab Lead Alum

Galena thiab txhuas alum yog cov hlau lead tseem ceeb - muaj cov ntxhia hauv cov mines kub. Galena tuaj yeem oxidized rau txhuas alum. Nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog - alkaline tov, lead alum yuav tsim alkaline lead - acid ntsev, uas reacts nrog cov cyanide nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj los tsim insoluble muaj zog - alkaline cyanide. Ib qho me me ntawm cov hmoov txhuas tuaj yeem pab cov cyanide leaching ntawm kub mines. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho loj ntawm cov hlau lead yuav cuam tshuam rau cov kub - leaching efficiency los ntawm kev siv cyanide thiab tejzaum nws tsim precipitates uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem leaching.

Antimony - Muaj Minerals

Stibnite

Stibnite yog lub ntsiab antimony - muaj cov ntxhia sulfide. Hauv cov txheej txheem cyanide - leaching, nws cov teebmeem tsis zoo zoo ib yam li cov orpiment. Nws yooj yim yaj nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog - alkaline tov los tsim thioantimonite, uas yog ntxiv oxidized rau hauv antimonite. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo them nyiaj stibnite colloidal hais nyob rau hauv alkaline - cyanide tov tuaj yeem lo rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom kub, lub cev tiv thaiv kub los ntawm kev tawg.

Cov khoom siv carbon

Kub mines tej zaum yuav muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide, nrog rau cov pa roj carbon inorganic thiab organic carbon zoo li humic acid. Thaum muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide no, lawv tuaj yeem nqus cov kub yaj hauv cov tshuaj cyanide. Qhov no txo ​​cov leaching tus nqi ntawm kub hauv cov tshuaj, ib tug tshwm sim hu ua "kub tub sab." Cov pa roj carbon monoxide sib tw nrog cov txheej txheem rho tawm rau cov kub yaj, ua rau poob ntawm kub rov qab.

Cov tswv yim los txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Associated Minerals

Pretreatment ntawm Ores

• Oxidation Pretreatment: Rau ores nrog hlau - sulfide, arsenic, los yog antimony minerals, oxidation pretreatment yuav ua tau zoo. Oxidation rhuav tshem cov zaub mov no, tso cov kub uas nyob ib puag ncig thiab txo lawv cov kev phom sij ntawm cyanide leaching. Feem ntau oxidation - pretreatment txoj kev muaj xws li roasting, siab oxidation, thiab bio-oxidation.

• Copper - Pre-leaching: Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ores nrog siab tooj liab cov ntsiab lus, pre-leaching rau tooj liab yuav ua tau. Los ntawm kev tshem cov tooj liab ua ntej cyanide leaching, tus nqi ntawm cyanide noj los ntawm tooj liab cov zaub mov tuaj yeem txo qis, yog li txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kub cyanide leaching.

Optimization ntawm Cyanide - Leaching Conditions

• Kho Reagent Dosages: Raws li hom thiab tus nqi ntawm cov minerals uas txuam nrog, tus nqi ntawm cyanide thiab lwm yam reagents tuaj yeem hloov kho. Piv txwv li, thaum muaj tooj liab ntau cov zaub mov, ua kom cov cyanide ntau me ntsis thaum tswj pH tus nqi tuaj yeem pab ua kom kub yaj zoo.

• Tswj Pulp Conditions: Kev tswj cov pulp concentration, kub, thiab stirring ceev kuj tseem ceeb heev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tawv nqaij kom ntseeg tau tias cyanide thiab oxygen tuaj yeem sib kis tau zoo hauv cov tawv nqaij. Khaws qhov kub kom tsim nyog (feem ntau yog 15 - 30 ° C) sib npaug ntawm qhov ceev ntawm kub yaj thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide.

Kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv

• Additives rau Inhibit Mineral Reactions: Cov khoom siv ntxiv xws li cov ntsev ntsev tuaj yeem siv los txwv qee cov zaub mov tsis zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, ntxiv cov hmoov lead acetate tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog sulfide ions los ntawm kev tawg ntawm leej faj - muaj cov zaub mov, tsim cov hmoov lead tsis sib haum - sulfide precipitates. Qhov no txo ​​cov cyanide thiab oxygen uas leej faj - muaj cov zaub mov noj.

• Kev sib tw Adsorbents: Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ores nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide, ntxiv cov adsorbents sib tw xws li cov pa roj carbon activated thaum cyanide leaching tuaj yeem txo qhov "kub - tub sab" nyhuv. Cov pa roj carbon activated sib tw nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv cov ore rau yaj kub, yog li ua kom kub - leaching tus nqi.

xaus

Cov ntxhia hauv cov pob zeb kub thiab cov nyiaj muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau cov cyanide - leaching txheej txheem. Hlau, tooj liab, arsenic, lead, antimony - muaj cov zaub mov, thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm leaching los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj reagents, tiv thaiv kub los ntawm kev sib cuag cyanide, los yog absorbing kub yaj. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm cov txheej txheem pretreatment tsim nyog, kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov kab mob leaching, thiab kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv, cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo no tuaj yeem txo qis. Qhov no ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm complex - mineralized ores, txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam mining.