Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Associated Minerals ntawm Cyanide Leaching Process

Introduction

Kev rho tawm cyanide yog ib txoj kev siv dav hauv kev rho tawm kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj ntau yam Khoom Siv Sib Txuas hauv cov hlau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Kev nkag siab txog cov kev cuam tshuam no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev rho tawm cyanide thiab txhim kho kev rov qab tau cov hlau muaj nqis.

Hlau Minerals

Pyrite

Pyrite yog ib qho mineral uas muaj hlau - sulfide nyob rau hauv cov ores kub. Thaum lub sij hawm cyanide leaching, thaum pyrite nyob hauv lub pulp, nws tuaj yeem oxidized los ua ferrous sulfate. Qhov ferrous sulfate no ces reacts nrog cyanide los tsim ferrocyanate. Qhov reaction no siv ntau ntawm Sodium Cyanide , uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb reagent rau kub leaching. Ntxiv mus, nrog rau qhov kev ua ntawm lime thiab huab cua, pyrite kuj tuaj yeem hloov mus ua soluble sulfide, colloidal sulfur, lossis thiosulfate. Cov txheej txheem hloov pauv no siv oxygen, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev yaj ntawm kub hauv cyanide - leaching system. Zuag qhia tag nrho, qhov no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kub - leaching efficiency.

Pyrrhotite

Pyrrhotite yog lwm cov hlau - sulfide ntxhia uas cuam tshuam rau cyanide leaching. Nws yooj yim reacts nrog cyanide los tsim thiocyanate. Tsis tas li ntawd, ferrous sulfate tsim los ntawm nws cov oxidation kuj reacts nrog cyanide los ua ferrocyanate. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias pyrrhotite tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov kub - kev sib cais, piv txwv li, txo nws los ntawm 28.1% hauv qee kis. Nws kuj ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cyanide noj, feem ntau quadrupling nws.

Copper Minerals

Chalcopyrite thiab Chalcocite

Cov ntxhia tooj liab xws li chalcopyrite thiab chalcocite muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cyanide leaching. Cyanide tov tuaj yeem yaj cov ntxhia tooj liab, tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Chalcopyrite yog qhov ruaj khov ntawm tooj liab sulfide cov zaub mov, thaum chalcocite muaj zog dua. Hauv cov tshuaj cyanide, tooj liab hauv cov zaub mov no, feem ntau nyob hauv lub xeev divalent, tsis ruaj khov. Divalent tooj liab oxidizes cyanide, hloov mus rau monovalent tooj liab thiab tsim complexes nrog cyanide nyob rau hauv lub pulp. Rau chalcocite, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov poob qis hauv qhov kub - qhov kev sib cais, mus txog 36.81% hauv qee qhov kev sim, thiab kaum - fold nce hauv cyanide noj.

Malachite (Copper Oxide Mineral)

Malachite yog ib hom tooj liab - oxide ntxhia. Nws dissolves yooj yim hauv sodium - cyanide tov, uas ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv kev siv cyanide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm malachite thiab cyanide siv ntau ntawm cyanide ions. Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si tooj liab sulfide thiab tooj liab oxide minerals tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov txheej txheem cyanide - kub - rho tawm.

Arsenic Minerals

Realgar thiab Orpiment

Realgar thiab orpiment muaj teeb meem heev rau cyanide leaching. Hauv cov tshuaj alkaline muaj zog siv rau cyanide immersion, lawv tsim cov tebchaw xws li thioarsenite. Thioarsenite tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov pa oxygen hauv kev daws teeb meem los tsim arsenite, siv ntau cov pa oxygen hauv cov ntxhia slurry. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum arsenic minerals yog oxidized nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, ib zaj duab xis ua los ntawm arsenic tebchaw tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm kub hais. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no ncaj qha txwv tsis pub kub los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cyanide, cuam tshuam rau kev tawg ntawm kub. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov orpiment tuaj yeem txo qhov kub - qhov tawg ntawm 41.95% thiab 49.90% feem, thiab nce cyanide noj los ntawm 13.8 npaug thiab 15.0 npaug.

Arsenopyrite

Arsenopyrite yog ib hom arsenic - muaj cov ntxhia. Tsis zoo li cov tsiaj txhu thiab orpiment, arsenopyrite yog qhov ruaj khov hauv cov kab ke cyanide. Txawm hais tias nws muaj arsenic, nyob rau hauv ib txwm cyanide - leaching tej yam kev mob, nws tsis tawg yooj yim thiab yog li muaj kev cuam tshuam me me ntawm cyanide leaching piv rau lwm yam arsenic - bearing minerals.

Lead Minerals

Galena thiab Lead Alum

Galena thiab txhuas alum yog cov hlau lead tseem ceeb - muaj cov ntxhia hauv cov mines kub. Galena tuaj yeem oxidized rau txhuas alum. Nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog - alkaline tov, lead alum yuav tsim alkaline lead - acid ntsev, uas reacts nrog cov cyanide nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj los tsim insoluble muaj zog - alkaline cyanide. Ib qho me me ntawm cov hmoov txhuas tuaj yeem pab cov cyanide leaching ntawm kub mines. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho loj ntawm cov hlau lead yuav cuam tshuam rau cov kub - leaching efficiency los ntawm kev siv cyanide thiab tejzaum nws tsim precipitates uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem leaching.

Antimony - Muaj Minerals

Stibnite

Stibnite yog lub ntsiab antimony - muaj cov ntxhia sulfide. Hauv cov txheej txheem cyanide - leaching, nws cov teebmeem tsis zoo zoo ib yam li cov orpiment. Nws yooj yim yaj nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog - alkaline tov los tsim thioantimonite, uas yog ntxiv oxidized rau hauv antimonite. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo them nyiaj stibnite colloidal hais nyob rau hauv alkaline - cyanide tov tuaj yeem lo rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom kub, lub cev tiv thaiv kub los ntawm kev tawg.

Cov khoom siv carbon

Cov chaw khawb kub tej zaum yuav muaj cov tshuaj Carbon , suav nrog cov pa roj carbon inorganic thiab cov pa roj carbon organic xws li humic acid. Thaum cov tshuaj carbon no muaj nyob, lawv tuaj yeem nqus cov kub yaj hauv cov kua cyanide. Qhov no txo ​​qhov kev tawm ntawm cov kub hauv cov kua, ib qho xwm txheej hu ua "kev nyiag kub." Cov tshuaj carbon sib tw nrog cov txheej txheem rho tawm rau cov kub yaj, ua rau poob ntawm cov kub rov qab.

Cov tswv yim los txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Associated Minerals

Pretreatment ntawm Ores

• Kev Kho Mob Ua Ntej Oxidation : Rau cov ores nrog hlau - sulfide, arsenic, lossis antimony minerals, kev kho mob ua ntej oxidation tuaj yeem ua tau zoo. Oxidation rhuav tshem cov minerals no, tso cov kub uas nyob hauv thiab txo lawv cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau cyanide leaching. Cov txheej txheem oxidation - pretreatment feem ntau suav nrog kev ci, kev nias oxidation, thiab bio - oxidation.

• Tooj Liab - Ua Ntej Leaching : Yog tias muaj cov ores uas muaj tooj liab ntau, ua ntej leaching rau tooj liab tuaj yeem ua tau. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm tooj liab ua ntej leaching cyanide, qhov ntau ntawm cyanide siv los ntawm cov zaub mov tooj liab tuaj yeem txo qis, yog li txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev leaching kub cyanide.

Optimization ntawm Cyanide - Leaching Conditions

• Kev Kho Cov Tshuaj Reagent Dosages : Raws li hom thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov minerals cuam tshuam, qhov ntau ntawm cyanide thiab lwm yam reagents tuaj yeem hloov kho. Piv txwv li, thaum muaj ntau cov minerals tooj liab, kev nce cov tshuaj cyanide dosage me ntsis thaum tswj tus nqi pH tuaj yeem pab ua kom kub yaj tau zoo.

• Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Xwm Txheej ntawm Cov Nqaij : Kev tswj xyuas qhov concentration ntawm cov nqaij, qhov kub, thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev sib tov kuj tseem ceeb heev. Qhov concentration ntawm cov nqaij kom raug ua kom cov cyanide thiab oxygen tuaj yeem kis tau zoo hauv cov nqaij. Kev khaws qhov kub kom haum (feem ntau yog 15 - 30 °C) sib npaug qhov ceev uas kub yaj thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov kua cyanide.

Kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv

• Cov Khoom Ntxiv Uas Yuav Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Hauj Lwm ntawm Cov Pob Zeb : Cov khoom ntxiv xws li cov ntsev txhuas siv tau los tiv thaiv qee cov pob zeb tsis zoo kom tsis txhob ua hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, kev ntxiv cov txhuas acetate tuaj yeem ua hauj lwm nrog cov sulfide ions los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov pob zeb uas muaj sulfur, ua rau cov pob zeb uas tsis yaj tau - sulfide. Qhov no txo ​​cov cyanide thiab oxygen uas cov pob zeb uas muaj sulfur noj.

• Cov Khoom Uas Nqus Tau Sib Tw : Yog tias muaj cov ores uas muaj cov pa roj carbon, kev ntxiv cov khoom uas nqus tau sib tw xws li Activated Carbon thaum lub sijhawm leaching cyanide tuaj yeem txo qhov "kub - robbery". Cov pa roj carbon activated sib tw nrog cov pa roj carbon hauv cov ore rau cov kub yaj, yog li ua rau cov kub - leaching nrawm dua.

xaus

Cov ntxhia hauv cov pob zeb kub thiab cov nyiaj muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau cov cyanide - leaching txheej txheem. Hlau, tooj liab, arsenic, lead, antimony - muaj cov zaub mov, thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm leaching los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj reagents, tiv thaiv kub los ntawm kev sib cuag cyanide, los yog absorbing kub yaj. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm cov txheej txheem pretreatment tsim nyog, kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov kab mob leaching, thiab kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv, cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo no tuaj yeem txo qis. Qhov no ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm complex - mineralized ores, txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam mining.