Sodium cyanide Leaching Efficiency: Influencing Factors thiab Optimization Strategies

Introduction

Cyanide leaching, tshwj xeeb nrog sodium cyanide, tau ntev ua ib lub hauv paus hauv kev rho tawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kub thiab nyiaj, los ntawm ore lub cev. Txij li thaum nws muaj inception nyob rau hauv 1887. txoj kev no tau dav saws vim nws kuj high efficiency thiab nqi - efficiency. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem yog qhov nyuaj, thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Kev nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau rov qab thiab txo cov nqi khiav lag luam hauv mining thiab metallurgical industries.

Txoj Cai ntawm Sodium Cyanide Leaching

sodium cyanide, uas tsis muaj xim thiab muaj kuab lom heev, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem leaching. Nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov, nyob rau hauv alkali

e tej yam kev mob (feem ntau khaws cia los ntawm kev ntxiv txiv qaub), cyanide ions (CN⁻) react nrog kub (Au) thiab nyiaj (Ag) nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dav dav rau kub cyanidation tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li:

4Au + 8CN⁻ + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4OH⁻

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim hauv electrochemical corrosion - zoo li yam. Cov pa oxygen ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing, ua kom yooj yim rau kev tawg ntawm kub mus rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li ib tug complex cyanide ion, [Au(CN)₂]⁻. Ib yam li ntawd, nyiaj ua raws li kev sib piv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Influencing Factors ntawm Cyanide Leaching Efficiency

Ore yam ntxwv

1. Particle Loj

• Kev sib tsoo particle loj ntawm cov ore yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ua ntej cyanide leaching, ores yuav tsum tau pretreated los ntawm crushing, tshuaj ntsuam, sib tsoo, thiab grading. Rau ore nrog nplua - grained los yog encapsulated precious hlau, kev sib tsoo kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tiav monomer dissociation. Yog tias cov ore dhau - hauv av, nws tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov nqi sib tsoo, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo qhia cov dej tsis huv rau hauv cov leachate. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshaj - sib tsoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom - kua sib cais, ua rau cyanide pov tseg thiab yaj kub poob. Piv txwv li, thaum cuam tshuam nrog kub ores muaj nplua - embedded thiab encapsulated ntuj kub, sib tsoo particle loj ntawm - 38 μm nrog cov ntsiab lus piv ntawm 75% feem ntau ua kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nyhuv leaching thiab nqi.

• Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog hais tias cov lus ntxhib dhau lawm, thaj chaw muaj rau cov cyanide ua rau cov hlau muaj nuj nqis raug txwv, uas ua rau tsis tiav leaching thiab txo cov extraction efficiency.

2. Mineralogy

• Ntau hom ores muaj qhov sib txawv mineralogical compositions. Ores uas muaj cov tooj liab, arsenic, antimony, sulfur, lossis carbon muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cyanide leaching. Piv txwv li, tooj liab tuaj yeem tsim cov cyanide complex, sib tw nrog kub thiab nyiaj rau cyanide ions. Arsenic thiab antimony kuj tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog cyanide thiab oxygen, noj cov tshuaj reagents thiab inhibiting leaching ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig. Sulfide - nplua nuj ores yuav xav tau kev kho mob ua ntej, xws li roasting lossis bio - oxidation, kom nthuav tawm cov hlau tseem ceeb thiab tshem tawm cov sulfur, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem cyanidation.

Tshuaj Reagents

1.Cyanide Concentration

• Tus nqi ntawm Sodium Cyanide ntxiv tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau leaching efficiency. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam, lub cyanide concentration yog proportional rau leaching tus nqi ntawm cov ore pulp. Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus cyanide tsawg dhau, qhov kub thiab nyiaj leaching nyhuv tsis zoo, thiab cov txheej txheem qeeb, ua rau cov nqi tsis tsim nyog. Hloov pauv, thaum cov nyiaj cyanide ntau dhau, tom qab qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig nce mus txog qib qee yam, kev nce ntxiv hauv cyanide concentration tsis ua rau muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv leaching, ua rau khib nyiab ntawm cyanide thiab nce nqi ntau lawm. Piv txwv li, thaum extracting kub mloog zoo los ntawm finely - embedded - particle - loj kub ores, a Sodium cyanide ntau npaum li cas ntawm 1.5 - 3.0 kg / t yog feem ntau haum. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, qhov kev pom zoo yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ore thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev sim.

2. Txiv qaub (Alkalinity)

• Txiv qaub yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj cyanide raws li kev tiv thaiv alkali. Txij li cov cyanide ions hauv cov tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj tsis ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem yooj yim volatilize li hydrogen cyanide gas, tswj qhov tsim nyog alkalinity yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ntxiv cov txiv qaub rau hauv cov tshuaj cyanidation pab kom cov tawv nqaij ntawm pH haum. Raws li kev soj ntsuam xyuas, qhov leaching tus nqi ntawm kub kuj tseem zoo dua tom qab ntxiv txiv qaub. Thaum cov txiv qaub ntxiv yog 2 kg / t thiab siab dua, pH tus nqi ntawm lub pulp feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 11 - 12. thiab kub leaching tus nqi ntawm cov pulp mus txog ib tug kuj ruaj khov thiab siab.

Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1.Slurry Concentration

• Qhov concentration ntawm leaching pulp ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau leaching ceev thiab efficiency ntawm precious hlau concentrates. Feem ntau, qis dua - concentration leaching pulp nrog fluidity zoo tso cai rau ntau dua leaching efficiency ntawm kub thiab nyiaj concentrates. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav xav tau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj reagents ntxiv, nrog rau cov khoom siv loj dua thiab cov nqi peev ntau dua. Txhawm rau sib npaug ntawm cov hlau leaching efficiency thiab cov nqi tsim khoom, qhov tsim nyog slurry concentration yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Rau ores nrog nplua - embedded particle qhov ntau thiab tsawg, tswj cov pulp concentration ntawm li 20% - 33% feem ntau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo leaching. Yog tias qhov concentration siab dua li qhov no, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem txo qis dua li nce. Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, qhov concentration tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muab siab dhau.

2. Lub Sijhawm Leaching

• Lub sijhawm leaching yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Xaiv lub sij hawm leaching tsim nyog yog tsim nyog los ua kom tiav cov khoom muaj nqi hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig yog yaj, lwm cov impurities hauv cov tawv nqaij kuj tseem yaj mus ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev sib cais ntawm kub thiab nyiaj. Kev ncua lub sij hawm leaching tsis tsuas yog yuav tsis zoo rau kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom muaj nqi hlau tab sis kuj yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv leaching loj thiab ntau qhov chaw, yog li ua rau cov nqi ntau lawm. Rau ores nrog nplua - embedded particle qhov ntau thiab tsawg, ua kom lub sij hawm cyanidation leaching ntawm li 4 teev yog feem ntau pom zoo. Yog tias lub sij hawm leaching ntau tshaj 24 teev, qhov leaching ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig yuav raug cuam tshuam, thiab cov concentration ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov tshuaj yuav txo qis.

3.Oxygen Supply

• Raws li pom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab zauv, oxygen yog ib qho tseem ceeb reactant nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Cov pa oxygen txaus txhawb nqa oxidation ntawm kub thiab nyiaj, ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cyanidation. Hauv kev lag luam chaw, huab cua feem ntau yog npuas los ntawm leaching pulp los muab cov pa oxygen. Yog tias cov pa oxygen tsis txaus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ua rau qeeb, txo qhov kev ua haujlwm tag nrho.

4. Cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab

• Agitation yog siv los txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm cov ore hais, tshuaj cyanide, thiab oxygen. Cov kev ntxhov siab tsim nyog tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua sib xyaw thiab faib cov reagents. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv ore thiab kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog ntxiv.

Optimization Strategies

Ore Pretreatment

1. Sib tsoo Optimization

• Kev siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "kev sib tsoo ntau dua thiab sib tsoo tsawg" tuaj yeem pab txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo. Kev sib tsoo cov thev naus laus zis, xws li kev sib tsoo ntau theem thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej sib tsoo ua haujlwm siab, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kom ua tiav qhov xav tau qhov loj me me faib ntau dua.

2.Pre - kev kho mob rau cov teeb meem Minerals

• Rau cov ores uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov ntxhia hauv siab, kev kho ua ntej yuav tsum tau xav txog. Roasting tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov sulfur thiab oxidize qee cov minerals refractory, ua rau cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cyanide. Bio - oxidation, uas siv cov kab mob me me los rhuav tshem cov zaub mov sulfide, kuj yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig rau qee hom ore.

Reagent Management

1.Cyanide Optimization

• Ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau txais txiaj ntsig tsis tu ncua thiab raug los txiav txim siab qhov zoo tshaj plaws cyanide ntau npaum li cas rau ntau pawg ntawm ores yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv lwm yam cyanide - raws li reagents lossis ntxiv cov activators tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav los txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm zoo thaum txo kev siv cyanide. Piv txwv li, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias ntxiv qee cov surfactants tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntub dej thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cyanide nrog cov ore hais.

2.Alkalinity tswj

• Tsis tu ncua saib xyuas thiab kho cov pH ntawm leaching pulp kom tswj tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws alkalinity ntau yam. Lub tshuab pH tswj tsis siv neeg tuaj yeem ntsia tau los xyuas kom raug thiab hloov kho raws sijhawm, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cyanide volatilization thiab optimizing qhov chaw leaching.

Txheej txheem Parameter Optimization

1.Slurry Concentration Kho

• Nruab cov sensors los saib xyuas cov slurry concentration hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab kho cov dej-rau-ore piv raws li. Qhov no tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm kom tswj tau qhov kev pom zoo slurry concentration rau kev ua haujlwm zoo.

2.Leaching Time Optimization

• Siv cov tswv yim saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag, xws li tshuaj xyuas qhov concentration ntawm cov hlau muaj nuj nqis ions hauv cov tshuaj thaum leaching, los txiav txim qhov tsim nyog kawg - taw tes ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching. Qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv dhau - leaching thiab txuag sijhawm thiab peev txheej.

3.Oxygen thiab Agitation Optimization

• Nruab cov pa oxygen sensors los xyuas kom muaj cov pa oxygen txaus thiab ruaj khov. Kho qhov agitation ceev raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore thiab lub leaching theem kom ua tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv efficiency thiab lub zog noj.

xaus

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm sodium cyanide leaching hauv cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ore - ntsig txog, reagent - ntsig txog, thiab txheej txheem - muaj feem cuam tshuam. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej no thiab siv cov tswv yim tsim kom zoo, kev lag luam mining thiab metallurgical tuaj yeem txhim kho cov leaching efficiency, txo cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cyanide. Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv daim teb no yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom tau raws li qhov kev thov loj hlob rau cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau hauv kev ruaj khov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.n