Yuav Ua Li Cas Peb Yuav Rov Qab Kub Nrog Sodium Cyanide?

Introduction

Kev rov qab los ntawm kub siv sodium cyanide yog ib txoj kev siv dav dav hauv mining thiab precious hlau industries. Cyanide muaj lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los tsim cov txheej txheem soluble nrog kub, uas tso cai rau kev rho tawm cov kub los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, xws li qis-qib ores, tailings, thiab qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los, vim lub siab toxicity ntawm cyanide, cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua nrog ceev faj heev thiab nruj ua raws li kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig cov cai.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kub rov qab nrog Sodium Cyanide

Nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev ntuj, kub yog feem ntau pom tov nrog lwm yam minerals nyob rau hauv ores. Thaum twg Sodium Cyanide yog nkag mus rau kub - bearing ore, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen thiab dej, kub reacts nrog cyanide los ua ib tug soluble compound. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no zoo dissolves cov kub hauv cov tshuaj cyanide, cais nws los ntawm lwm yam insoluble minerals nyob rau hauv lub ore.

Step-by-Step Process

Ore Kev Npaj

1. Crushing thiab sib tsoo: Thawj kauj ruam yuav txo qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ore. Loj ore chunks yog thawj zaug crushed rau hauv me me pieces siv crushers. Tom qab ntawd, lub crushed ore yog av rau hauv ib tug nplua hmoov nyob rau hauv mills. Qhov no ua rau thaj tsam saum npoo ntawm cov ore, ua kom muaj kev sib cuag zoo dua ntawm cov kub - muaj cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuaj cyanide. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug raug kub mine, cov ore tej zaum yuav crushed mus rau ib tug loj ntawm tsawg tshaj li 10 hli thaum lub sij hawm thawj crushing theem thiab ces av mus rau ib tug particle loj qhov twg kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov hais yog tsawg tshaj li 75 micrometers nyob rau hauv lub sib tsoo theem.

2. Kev kho mob ua ntej (yog tias tsim nyog): Yog hais tias cov ore muaj sulfide minerals los yog lwm yam impurities uas yuav impede lub cyanide luas txheej txheem, kev kho mob ua ntej yuav tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, thaum muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm pyrite nyob rau hauv cov ore, nws muaj peev xwm haus oxygen thiab cyanide, txo cov efficiency ntawm kub extraction. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov ore yuav raug roasting lossis bio-oxidation. Roasting entails cua sov cov ore nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm huab cua kom oxidize cov sulfide minerals, thaum bio - oxidation siv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb los oxidize sulfide minerals ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau tus phooj ywg environmentally.

Ua Lees

1. Cyanide Solution Npaj: Ib tug dilute tov ntawm Sodium cyanide npaj. Qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide feem ntau yog li ntawm 0.05% mus rau 0.2% (w / v), nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore thiab cov ntsiab lus kub. Txiv qaub yog nquag ntxiv rau cov tshuaj cyanide los kho cov pH mus rau thaj tsam ntawm 10 - 11. Qhov alkaline ib puag ncig no pab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj lom hydrogen cyanide gas thiab tseem txhawb kev tawg ntawm kub.

2. Txheej txheem Leaching: Cov av ore yog tom qab ntawd tov nrog cov tshuaj cyanide hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam loj lossis los ntawm ib lub pob - leaching teeb. Nyob rau hauv lub tank leaching, cov ore - cyanide sib tov yog agitated, txawm mechanically los yog los ntawm huab cua txhaj, kom paub meej kev sib cuag zoo ntawm kub - bearing hais thiab cov cyanide, yog li ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv heap leaching, uas yog tsim nyog rau cov qib qis, cov ore crushed yog piled rau ntawm ib tug impermeable liner, thiab cov tshuaj cyanide yog sprayed tshaj lub heap. Cov tshuaj seeps los ntawm cov ore, dissolving kub raws li nws mus. Cov txheej txheem leaching tuaj yeem nyob qhov twg los ntawm ob peb teev mus rau ob peb hnub, nyob ntawm seb yam xws li hom ore, qhov loj me, thiab cov kab mob leaching.

Kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kua dej

Tom qab cov txheej txheem leaching, cov slurry tshwm sim muaj cov khoom pov tseg (tailings) thiab cov tshuaj uas muaj cov kub-cyanide compound. Kev cais cov khoom thiab cov kua dej yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm txoj hauv kev zoo li pom los yog sedimentation. Hauv kev pom, cov slurry tau dhau los ntawm cov xov xwm lim dej, xws li cov ntaub lim dej lossis lim xovxwm. Cov khoom tailings tau khaws cia rau ntawm lub lim, thaum cov kua ntshiab, lub npe hu ua cov tshuaj cev xeeb tub, uas muaj cov kub yaj, dhau mus. Sedimentation yuav tso cai rau cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub tank vim lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Cov kua supernatant, cov tshuaj cev xeeb tub, tuaj yeem ua tib zoo nchuav tawm.

Kub rov qab los ntawm kev xeeb tub

1. Zinc Precipitation (Merrill - Crowe Process): Ib txoj hauv kev kom rov qab tau kub los ntawm kev cev xeeb tub yog zinc nag lossis daus. Zinc plua plav lossis zinc shavings yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj. Txij li zinc yog ntau reactive tshaj kub, nws displaces cov kub ntawm kub - cyanide compound. Cov kub ces precipitates tawm raws li ib tug khoom, nrog rau ib co impurities. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov khoom precipitate yog lim thiab ua tiav ntxiv. Lub resulting kub - uas muaj cov khoom yog ces smelted kom tau ntshiab kub.

2. Activated Carbon Adsorption (Carbon - hauv - Pulp / CIP thiab Carbon - hauv - Leach / CIL): Hauv cov txheej txheem CIP, qhib carbon Tom qab theem leaching, cov pa roj carbon activated yuav ntxiv rau hauv cov slurry. Cov pa roj carbon activated, nrog nws thaj chaw siab, nqus cov kub - cyanide compound los ntawm cov kua. Cov pa roj carbon - kub ces raug cais tawm ntawm cov slurry los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam. Hauv cov txheej txheem CIL, cov pa roj carbon activated raug ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm leaching. Cov pa roj carbon uas muaj kub raug tshem tawm ntawm lub kaw lus. Cov kub tuaj yeem rho tawm ntawm cov pa roj carbon siv cov kua cyanide muaj zog lossis lwm yam tshuaj rho tawm. Tom qab rho tawm, cov kub tuaj yeem rov qab tau los ntawm cov kua rho tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li electrowinning lossis ntxiv nag lossis daus.

Ua Kom Haum

Cov kub tau tom qab nag lossis daus los yog adsorption feem ntau tsis huv, muaj impurities zoo li lwm yam hlau thiab tsis yog hlau. Kom tau txais cov kub purity siab (feem ntau 99.9% lossis siab dua), cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo yog ua haujlwm. Ib txoj kev ua kom zoo dua qub yog electrolytic refining. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov kub tsis huv yog muab tso rau hauv lub anode nyob rau hauv ib tug electrolytic cell, thiab ib tug ntshiab kub cathode yog siv. Ib qho tsim nyog electrolyte, xws li kev daws ntawm kub chloride, yog siv. Thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, cov kub hauv anode dissolves thiab tso rau ntawm cathode. Cov impurities nyob rau hauv cov electrolyte los yog tsim ib tug sludge nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub cell.

Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev xav txog ib puag ncig

1. Toxicity ntawm Cyanide: Sodium cyanide yog tshuaj lom heev. Kev nqus pa, noj, lossis kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Txhua txoj haujlwm uas muaj cyanide yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj cua, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog, suav nrog lub tshuab ua pa, hnab looj tes, thiab khaub ncaws tiv thaiv. Cov phiaj xwm teb xwm ceev yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm cyanide spills los yog raug.

2. Ib puag ncig cuam tshuam: Cyanide tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo. Tailings los ntawm kub rov qab txheej txheem tej zaum yuav muaj residual cyanide. Cov tailings no yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj ntseg kom tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cyanide rau hauv ib puag ncig. Cov kev kho mob, xws li tshuaj oxidation los yog lom degradation, tuaj yeem siv los rhuav tshem cov cyanide hauv cov tailings ua ntej lawv tso tawm lossis pov tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas nruj ntawm cov dej nyob ze ntawm kev ua haujlwm rov qab kub yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj cov kab mob cyanide tshwm sim.

xaus

Kev siv sodium cyanide kom rov qab tau kub yog ib txoj kev nyuaj tab sis zoo. Nws koom nrog ntau cov kauj ruam, los ntawm kev npaj ore mus rau kub rov qab thiab refining. Thaum nws muaj txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los rho tawm cov kub los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, qhov cuam tshuam txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj xyuas. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, siv cov thev naus laus zis tsim nyog, thiab ua raws li cov cai, kev lag luam rov qab kub tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm.