Nna ukwu ojiji nke flotation reagents: melite izi ezi nke ịnweta mejupụtara nchọpụta

N'ihe gbasara nhazi mineral na nyocha geological, ojiji ziri ezi nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị oke mkpa maka ịchọpụta ihe mejupụtara mineral nke ọma. Flotation bụ usoro physicochemical nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka nkewa na ime ka mineral dịkwuo mma, dabere na ọdịiche dị na njirimara physicochemical nke elu mineral. Site na itinye ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị n'ime mmiri, enwere ike ịgbanwe hydrophilicity ma ọ bụ hydrophobicity nke elu mineral, na-eme ka ikewapụ mineral ndị a na-elekwasị anya na gangue.

Edemede a ga-ewebata usoro ndụmọdụ ọrụ bara uru iji nyere ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ nyocha na ndị injinia na-egwupụta akụ aka ịkwalite usoro flotation, na-emeziwanye izi ezi na nkwughachi nke nsonaazụ ule.

Nke mbụ, ka anyị malite site na ụdị ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri— Ndị na-anakọta ihe , Ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri , na Ndị na-agbanwe ihe . Ihe ọ bụla na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche n'usoro ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri dịkwuo mma, na-akwalite njikọ ha na afụ ikuku; ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri na-enyere aka mee ka oyi akwa ụfụfụ ahụ sie ike, na-ekwe ka e kewapụ mineral ndị bara ụba na slurry ngwa ngwa; a na-eji ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri gbanwee pH ma ọ bụ ike ionic nke ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri, na-emepụta ọnọdụ kacha mma maka ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri.

Site na ọganihu teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, ụdị na ojiji nke ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ala na-agbasakwa. Nhọrọ na ojiji ziri ezi nke ihe ndị a nwere ike ime ka ọnụego na ọkwa mgbake nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ala dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-eweta uru dị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na njikwa ọnụ ahịa.

Otu esi eji Flotation Reagents mee nke ọma?

Ụdị nke Reagent

Thedị nke reagents eji na flotation osisi na-adabere ihe ndị dị ka ore Njirimara, usoro eruba, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke chọrọ ịnweta ngwaahịa. N'ozuzu, a na-ekpebi ha site na ule selectivity ore ma ọ bụ ule ụlọ ọrụ ọkara.

Enwere ike kewaa ndị reagents n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ụdị isi atọ dabere na ọrụ ha:

1. Mmiri: Mmiri ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala dị n'ime ala na-ekesa n'ebe mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ. A na-eji ha emepụta oyi akwa ụfụfụ nke nwere ike ise n'elu mineral ndị ahụ. Mmiri ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere mmanụ pain, cresylic acid, na alcohols.

2. Ndị Na-anakọta Ihe: Ọrụ ha bụ ijide mineral ndị a na-achọ, na-agbanwe oke mmiri nke elu mineral ka ihe ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri wee rapara na afụ ikuku. Dabere na ọdịdị ha, enwere ike kewaa ndị na-anakọta ihe n'ime ndị na-anakọta ihe na-abụghị polar, ndị na-anakọta anionic, na ndị na-anakọta cationic. Ndị na-anakọta ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere ọgwụ ojii, ọgwụ odo odo, ọgwụ ọcha, asịd abụba, abụba amines, na mmanụ mineral.

3. Ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe: Ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe gụnyere ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ndị na-egbochi ihe, nke na-agbanwe àgwà nke elu mineral, na-emetụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mineral na ndị na-anakọta ihe. Ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe gụnyekwara ihe ndị e ji agbanwe ihe ndị dị na kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ electrochemical nke mmiri mmiri, dịka ihe ndị na-agbanwe pH na ọnọdụ nke ndị na-anakọta ihe. Ụdị ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe gụnyere:

• Ndị na-agbanwe pH: Lime, sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide.

• Ndị na-eme ihe: Ọla kọpa sulfate, sodium sulfide.

• Ihe mgbochi: Lime, nnu ọbara odo, sodium sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sodium cyanide, zinc sulfate, potassium dichromate, iko mmiri, tannin, colloids soluble, starch, polymers sịntetik, wdg.

• Ndị ọzọ: ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị mmiri mmiri, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ụlọ, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ụlọ, wdg.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ reagent

Usoro onunu ogwu nke reagents n'oge flotation ga-abụ nke ziri ezi; ezughị oke ma ọ bụ oke oke nwere ike imetụta ihe ngosi nhazi ịnweta. Oke ojiji nwekwara ike ịbawanye ọnụ ahịa nhazi.

Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro ọgwụgwọ reagent na ihe ngosi flotation:

• Enweghị oke ọgwụ nchịkọta nwere ike ibute enweghị oke mmetụta hydrophobic nke mineral ndị ahụ, na-ebelata ọnụego mgbake. N'aka nke ọzọ, oke ọgwụ nwere ike ibelata ogo nke ihe a na-etinye n'ime ahụ ma mee ka ọ ghara ịdị mfe iwepụ ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị iche.

• Enweghị oke ọgwụ ụfụfụ nwere ike ibute enweghị ike ịkwụsi ike na ụfụfụ ahụ, ebe oke oke nwere ike ibute "oke" ihe mberede.

• Obere dose nke ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emegharị ahụ nwee ike ibute mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma, ebe oke oke nwere ike imebi nhọrọ nke usoro ihe na-eme ka ihe na-agagharị.

• Enweghị usoro ọgwụ mgbochi zuru oke nwere ike ibelata ọkwa nke ihe a na-etinye n'ime ahụ, ebe oke oke nwere ike igbochi mineral ndị kwesịrị ịse n'elu mmiri, na-ebelata ọnụego mgbake.

Nkwadebe Reagent

A na-atụgharị reagents siri ike n'ime mmiri mmiri maka mgbakwunye dị mfe. Ekwesịrị ịkwadebe reagents na-adịghị edozi mmiri dị ka ọgwụ edo edo, ọgwụ amine ojii, iko mmiri, sodium carbonate, ọla kọpa sulfate, na sodium sulfide dị ka ihe ngwọta na-enweghị mmiri na ntinye sitere na 2% ruo 10%. Ọ dị mkpa ka a gbazee reagents na-adịghị mmiri mmiri n'ime ihe mgbaze tupu a kwadebe ya dị ka ihe ngwọta mmiri maka mgbakwunye, dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-anakọta amine nwere ike ịgbakwunye kpọmkwem, dị ka mmanụ 2, ọgwụ ojii nke 31, na oleic acid. Maka reagents soluble nke ukwuu nke chọrọ ọnụọgụ dị ukwuu, ntinye nkwadebe na-adịkarị site na 10% ruo 20%, dị ka sodium sulfide, nke a na-akwado na 15% n'oge eji. N'ihi na emezighituri soluble reagents, organic solvents nwere ike iji igbari ha tupu akwadebe ha dị ka ala uche ngwọta.

Nhọrọ nke usoro nkwadebe Reagent dabere na njirimara nke reagent, usoro mgbakwunye, na ọrụ ha. Otu reagent ahụ nwere ike inwe nnukwu ọdịiche na dose na mmetụta ya n'ihi ụzọ nkwadebe dị iche iche. N'ozuzu, ụzọ nkwadebe a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:

1. Ịkwadebe ihe ngwọta mmiri site na 2% ruo 10%: A na-akwadebe ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-agbaze mmiri n'ụzọ a (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ odo, ọla kọpa sulfate, iko mmiri).

2. Ịgbaze n'ime ihe mgbaze: Enwere ike ịgbaze ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-anaghị agbaze n'ime mmiri na ihe mgbaze pụrụ iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ ọcha anaghị agbaze n'ime mmiri mana enwere ike ịgbaze ya na ihe mgbaze aniline nke 10% ruo 20%, a ga-ejikwa ya mgbe emechara nkwadebe aniline agwakọtara. N'otu aka ahụ, ọgwụ aniline ojii anaghị agbaze n'ime mmiri mana ọ nwere ike ịgbaze na ihe mgbaze sodium hydroxide alkaline, yabụ a ga-ebu ụzọ kwadebe ihe mgbaze alkaline sodium hydroxide tupu etinye ihe mgbaze ahụ iji mepụta ihe mgbaze aniline ojii maka flotation.

3. Nkwadebe dị ka nkwụsịtụ ma ọ bụ emulsion: Maka ụfọdụ ihe ndị siri ike na-agbaze nke ọma, enwere ike ịkwadebe ha dị ka emulsions maka ojiji. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, lime nwere obere mmiri ịgbaze na mmiri, yabụ enwere ike ịgwe ya nke ọma ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ ma gwakọta ya na mmiri iji mepụta nkwụsịtụ mmiri ara ehi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri ara ehi lime), ma ọ bụ enwere ike itinye ya ozugbo na ụdị ntụ akọrọ n'ime igwe ihe eji egwu bọọlụ ma ọ bụ tankị na-akpali akpali.

4. Saponification: Maka ndị na-anakọta abụba acid, saponification bụ ụzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe a na-ahọrọ hematite, a na-eji ncha saponified nke paraffin na mmanụ tar eme ihe dị ka ihe nchịkọta. Iji saponify mmanụ tar, a ga-etinye ihe dị ka 10% sodium carbonate mgbe a na-akwadebe ihe na-emepụta ihe, ma kpoo ya ọkụ iji mepụta ngwọta ncha ọkụ maka mgbakwunye.

5. Ime ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ọcha: Enwere ike iji ime ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ọcha site na iji ime ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ọcha ma ọ bụ site na iji igwe na-akpali ya. Mgbe emechara emulsification, abụba asịd na dizel nwere ike ime ka mgbasa ha dịkwuo mma na slurry, na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dịkwuo mma. Ịtinye ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ọcha nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ ya dịkwuo mma.

6. Ịmepụta Asịd: Mgbe a na-eji ihe nchịkọta cationic, n'ihi na ha anaghị agbaze nke ọma, a ga-eji hydrochloric acid ma ọ bụ acetic acid gwọọ ha tupu ha agbaze na mmiri maka ịfụ mmiri.

7. Usoro Aerosol: Nke a bụ usoro nkwadebe ọhụrụ nke na-eme ka ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe dịkwuo mma. Ọ gụnyere iji ngwa pụrụ iche na-agba mmiri iji mee ka ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ikuku dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ya tupu etinye ha ozugbo na tankị mmiri, ya mere a na-akpọkwa ya "usoro mmiri aerosol." Usoro a anaghị eme ka mineral bara uru dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-ebelata ojiji ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ...

8. Ọgwụgwọ electrochemical nke reagents: A na-agafe ọkụ kpọmkwem site na ngwọta ahụ iji gwọọ reagents flotation site na kemịkalụ, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe ọnọdụ reagents, uru pH, na ikike redox, si otú a na-eme ka mkpokọta nke ihe reagents kacha arụ ọrụ dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka mkpokọta dị mkpa maka ịmepụta colloids dịkwuo elu, ma na-eme ka mgbasa nke reagents na-adịghị agbaze nke ọma na mmiri ka mma.

N'ozuzu, a na-akpali ndị na-anakọta na frothers maka nkeji 1-2, ebe ụfọdụ reagents, dị ka potassium dichromate eji egbochi ndu na nkewa nke ọla kọpa, nwere ike ịchọ mkpali ogologo.

Ebe Mgbakwunye Reagent

Iji bulie ịdị irè nke reagents flotation, ihe a na-emekarị bụ ịgbakwunye ndị na-emezigharị ihe, ndị na-eme ihe mgbochi, na ụfọdụ ndị na-anakọta (dịka, kerosene) n'ime igwe igwe bọọlụ iji mepụta ebe dị mma na-ese n'elu mmiri ozugbo enwere ike. A na-agbakwunye ndị na-anakọta na frothers na tank mbụ na-akpali akpali nke usoro flotation. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere tankị abụọ na-akpali akpali, a ga-agbakwunye onye na-eme ihe na tank nke mbụ, ebe a ga-agbakwunye onye na-anakọta na frother na tank nke abụọ. Ihe mgbakwunye na-adịgasị iche dabere na ọrụ nke reagents na igwe flotation. Dị ka ihe atụ, a na-agbakwụnyekarị sulfate ọla kọpa, ọgwụ na-acha odo odo, na mmanụ pine n’usoro na-esonụ: A na-etinye ọla kọpa sulfate n’etiti tankị mbụ na-akpali akpali, ọgwụ edo edo dị n’etiti tankị nke abụọ, na mmanụ pine na mpụta nke tankị mkpagharị nke abụọ. N'ozuzu, osisi flotation na-ebu ụzọ tinye pH adjusters iji weta slurry na pH kwesịrị ekwesị tupu ekwe ka onye na-anakọta na onye na-egbochi ya rụọ ọrụ nke ọma. Mgbe ị na-agbakwunye reagents, ọ dị mkpa ka ị mara maka okwu nke ụfọdụ ion na-emerụ ahụ na-akpata adịghị arụ ọrụ reagent. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ion ọla kọpa na-emeghachi omume na ion hydride nwere ike iduga adịghị arụ ọrụ nke hydrides. Na nkewa ọla kọpa-sulfur, ọ bụrụ na enwere ọtụtụ ions ọla kọpa na tankị na-akpali akpali, a ghaghị itinye cyanide na tankị na-akpali akpali kama a ga-agbakwunye ya ozugbo n'oge usoro nkewa nkewa.

Usoro mgbakwunye Reagent

The ahụkarị usoro nke reagent mgbakwunye na flotation osisi bụ dị ka ndị a: maka flotation nke raw ore, ọ kwesịrị ịbụ pH adjusters, inhibitors ma ọ bụ activators, frothers, na-anakọta; maka mineral ndị egbochiri n'oge flotation, iwu bụ activators, mkpokọta, na frothers.

Ụzọ mgbakwunye Reagent

Enwere ụzọ abụọ maka ịgbakwunye reagents: mgbakwunye etiti na mgbakwunye gbasasịa. Nhọrọ nke usoro mgbakwunye kwesịrị ịtụle ma ụdị reagent na omume reagents.

1. Mgbakwunye Etiti: A na-agbakwunye ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala; dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-agbakwunye ihe nchịkọta, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya, na ihe mgbochi na tankị ndị na-akpali akpali.

2. Mgbakwunye Gbasara: Enwere ike itinye ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime tankị mmiri ozugbo, nke a na-etinyekarị na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ ghara ịdị mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị ahụ na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị ahụ ghara ịdị mma (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmetụta ọjọọ nke oke sodium sulfide na flotation a na-arụ ọrụ), enwere ike itinye ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị ahụ ozugbo n'ime igwe mmiri.

mmechi

Site na nhọrọ ziri ezi, nkwadebe, usoro onunu ogwu, na mgbakwunye nke reagents flotation, enwere ike ịkwalite nhazi ịnweta na nyocha ala, na-eme ka izi ezi na arụmọrụ nke ule na nyocha. Ndụmọdụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na-achọ inyere ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ nyocha na ndị injinia na-egwupụta akụ aka ka ha na-eji reagents flotation eme ihe nke ọma, na-eduga na arụmọrụ arụmọrụ ka mma yana nsonaazụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.